from LATIN WORD (synthesis, “to put

together”)

The basic definition of chemical synthesis

is that it is the construction of complex

chemical compounds from simpler ones

Research purpose

Industrial purpose

Consumer useage

A famous example of successful

chemical synthesis is Taxol, an

anticancer drug isolated from the Pacific

yew tree in the 1960s.

Construction of carbon skeleton

Introduction or removal of function

group

Stable intermediate

Desired product formation

Product’s reasonable yield

Having an effect upon a living organism,

tissue, or cell. Biologically active.

Antibiotic, enzymes, and vitamins are all

bioactive substances.

These compounds vary widely in

chemical structure and function

, flavonoids (in cereals, legumes, nuts,

olive oil, vegetables, fruits, tea, and red

wine.)

Antioxidants (green vegitables)

Phytoestrogen(soy, but also in flaxseed

oil, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables)

ETC etc

FLAVANOIDES:

Flavonoids are benzo-γ-pyrone derivatives consisting of phenolic and pyran rings and are classified according to substitutions. The biological properties of flavonoids are considered in an evaluation of the medicinal and nutritional values of these compounds. Certain plants and spices containing flavonoids have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine. The wide range of biological activities of these compounds includes antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral etc.

FOUND IN Passiflora

caerulea

It is a base catalyzed rearrangement. The

substituted o-hydroxy acetophenones on

benzoylation with benzoyl chloride is converted to

esters. Esters undergo rearrangement in the

presence of a base to the diketones, which then

undergo cyclisation to flavones .

Flavones can be obtained from o-

hydroxyacetophenone which is treated

with benzoic acid anhydride and sodium

benzoate and then subsequently

heated.

Chrysin is a natural flavonoid

anticancer effects.

Brain healthprotection;

Protective effects neuronal cell death

Helpful forbodybuilding

for the synthesis of flavonols utilizes Claisen

condensation between benzaldehyde and o-

hydroy acetophenone. Flavanone is obtained on

acidification of condensation product, which on

reaction with isoamyl nitrite and subsequent

hydrolysis gives flavonols.

• Heart disease. Some research suggests that eating foods rich in quercetin, such as tea, onions and apples, can reduce the risk of heart disease-related death in elderly men.

• High cholesterol. Short-term use of quercetinsupplements does not seem to lower “bad cholesterol” (low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol), lower total cholesterol, or raise “good cholesterol” (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol).

• decrease in blood pressure

• Lung cancer. Some research suggests that consuming high amounts of quercetin in the diet might reduce the chance of developing lung cancer, especially in men who smoke.

biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice.

Benserazide is a peripherally-

acting aromatic L-amino acid

decarboxylase

BENEFITS AND USES: It is used in the

management of Parkinson's disease. In

Parkinson's disease, a number of cells in

a small part of the brain called the

substantia nigra become damaged and

die

2,3,4 trihydroxy benzaldehye reacts with

serine hydrazide

. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and

its molecular weight is 331.4 g/mol. It is a

faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline

substance

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum

antibiotic active against both and

Gram-negative bacteria.

Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a wide

variety of infections, including infections

of bones and joints. Ciprofloxacin only

treats bacterial infections; it does not

treat viral infections such as the common

cold

The condensation of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl chloride (I) with diethyl malonate by means of magnesium ethoxide in ether gives diethyl 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoylmalonate (II), which is partially hydrolyzed and decarboxylated with p-toluenesulfonic acid water yielding ethyl 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoylacetate . Condensation of this with triethyl orthoformate in refluxing acetic anhydride affords ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-ethoxyacrylate (III), which is treated with cyclopropylamine (IV) in ethanol to give ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylate . The cyclization of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylate with NaH in refluxing dioxaneyields 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (V), which is finally condensed with piperazine in hot DMSO to afford the target compound ciprofloxacin.