AP Biology Chapter 18 Student NotesRegulation of Gene Expression

Label and explain:

Chapter 18 Student Notes Part IIWarm-up: Complete the comparison of prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomes in the table below with as much information as you can

Prokaryotic Genome Eukaryotic Genome

Shape?

Size?

Associated with only a few proteins Has a large amount of protein to form chromatin

DNA structure?

How is gene expression altered? In response to what?

Eukaryotic Control of Gene Expression LABEL

Summarize the levels of organization of DNA:

How does the organization impact gene expression?

Define & describe impact on gene expression of:

Euchromatin:

Heterochromatin:

Histone Acetylation:

Histone methylation:

Histone Phosphorylation:

DNA methylation:

Define, Describe & Give 2 examples of Epigenetic Inheritance:

Regulation at the Transcription Level:

General Transcription Factors:

Specific Transcription Factors:

Control Elements:Proximal -Distal/Enhancers-

Activators-

Repressors-

LABEL

LABEL

Combination Control of Gene Activation:

Coordinately Controlled Genes:

Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Controls of Gene Expression:

Regulation of mRNA:

Alternative Splicing:

mRNA Degradation:

Regulation of mRNA at translation:

Chapter 18 Student Notes Part III

LABEL

Regulation of Protein Processing:

Identify 3 types of pre-protein modifications:

Protein degradation: LABEL

New Research: noncoding RNAsRegulation of gene expression by noncoding RNAs occurs at:

1.

2.

Describe action of microRNAs (miRNAs):

Describe action of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs):

Contrast miRNAs & siRNAs:

C. 18 Student Notes Part IVWhat is differential gene expression?

What orchestrates how animals will develop?

List and describe the 3 basic processes involved in embryonic development:

1.

2.

3.

What is genomic equivalence?

Describe what is happening in the illustration. Why is it significant?

List the two ways that initiate development in an organism?

1. 2.

What is the difference between determination and differentiation?

Label and Explain:

Define: Pattern formation:

Positional information:

Cytoplasmic Determinants:

Homeotic Genes:

Maternal Effect Genes:

Egg Polarity Genes:

Bicoid Gene:

Summarize what you saw in the “development of head and tail axis” animation by labeling the illustration here and explaining.