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Bio Summary _ Cells
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Transcript of Bio Summary _ Cells
![Page 1: Bio Summary _ Cells](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020207/552844bd550346e06e8b46da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright: Stephanie Teo Acknowledgments: All pictures taken from: Comprehensive Biology: A Course For ‘O” Level by Lam Peng Kwan Unless stated otherwise
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Organisation of the Living Organism
1) Cell – a unit of life - made up of living matter called protoplasm
(protos = first, plasm = form) 2) Protoplasm – jelly-like substance
- chemical reactions take place here - contains 70% water - composition of fat, carbohydrates and proteins may vary. It depends of which
cell protoplasm is found in the body. Example: Protoplasm in muscle cell will contain more carbohydrate to provide energy while protoplasm in the hair will contain more protein (hair is made up of the protein keratin).
- MADE UP OF 3 PARTS : NUCLEUS , CYTOPLASM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE
3) The table below shows the 3 main constituents of protoplasm: Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane
-Surrounded by nuclear membrane (separates nucleus from surrounding cytoplasm). Inside nuclear membrane: denser protoplasm called NUCLEOPLASM
-Forms larger part of the cell
-Selectively permeable (DO NOT USE the term PARTIALLY PERMEABLE) It controls substances leaving and entering the cell.
-In the nucleoplasm: a) CHROMATIN (contains DNA and proteins). Chromatin controls cell division, cell repair and cell activities b) Spherical structures called nucleoli (in charge of building proteins)
-Contains: a) Mitochondria (rod shaped structures) [in charge of releasing energy from cell respiration: Look at chapter on Respiration. Energy used for growth and reproduction b) Vacuoles (fluid filled space enclosed by a membrane). Contain water and food substances. c) Centrioles (involved in cell division) d) Golgi Apparatus (involved in sorting and packaging proteins and transporting them to other parts of the cell, synthesize
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Copyright: Stephanie Teo Acknowledgments: All pictures taken from: Comprehensive Biology: A Course For ‘O” Level by Lam Peng Kwan Unless stated otherwise
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new cell walls, form lysozymes (small structures that contain enzymes)
** Cells without nucleus eg red blood cells have a short life span
** Animal cells got many small vacuoles. Plant cells got 1 big vacuole ** Plant cells have NO centrioles ** Golgi Apparatus CANNOT be seen under the light microscope
**May surround vacuoles in the cell
4) Diagram of a general animal cell