Bio- oil Energy for Rural Kenya By Gichuki Muchiri and Kyalo Kimilu School of Engineering University...
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Transcript of Bio- oil Energy for Rural Kenya By Gichuki Muchiri and Kyalo Kimilu School of Engineering University...
Bio- oil Energy for Rural Kenya By Gichuki Muchiri and Kyalo Kimilu School of Engineering University of Nairobi
Vision 2030: Kenya will become a middle income industrial Nation providing adequate access to basic nutrition, health, shelter, education and Transportation to all Kenyans.
Wealth of Nations and energy consumption
Current Rural and urban Energy Scenario
Role of Bio-oil on the Kenyan Rural Energy Setting
Source of energy % population
Kerosene 80%
Charcoal 60%
Firewood 55%
ElectricityLPGSolarBiogasWind
37%21%0.3%0.2%0.1%
2011 2010
1st half year kes billions 166.4 107.4
Trade deficit kes billions
(by June 2010)
Annual imports million tones
410
3.8 (2011)
287
4.2 (2009)
Oil import statics
If by 2030 half of Kenyan households (4*106) will adopt bio-oil energy for cooking and heating they will consume approximately
0.4 t* 106 tones of bio-oil
Saving Foreign exchange of kes 32 billionApproximately 10% of oil imports
How can this be achieved?
Bio-Oil Energy Potential
1. Reduce Wood consumption2. Reduce Consumption of charcoal,
Kerosene and LPG 3. Reduce emissions of Green house
gases.(GHG)4. Improve the quality of life5. Save Foreign Exchange
There is a need to change the energy use pattern in order to:
1.0 Solar energy is expensive to install 2.0 Wind energy Capital Intensive Unreliable and Require a large economy of scale 3.0 Biogas energy Capital intensive and Require a large economy of Scale
We have not succeeded so far partly because:
4.0 Gasification technology Complex and Require large economy of scale 5.0 Bio-diesel
Capital intensive and Require ethanol for transestherisation 6.0 Bio-oil Inadequate feedstock
BIO DIESEL BIO OIL
1.0 Engine modification
None Change of Fuel Injectors
2.0 Cost of processing
Capital intensive plant for transestherisation with ethanol
Affordable oil expression and filtering plant
3.0 Oil transportation
30 to 60 km Negligible
4.0 Foreign exchange content5.0 Employment creation
100%
Negligible
Over 90% local10 adult* men equivalent per 45 kW
Which is more appropriate for rural Kenya? Bio-diesel or Bio-oil?
* Employment for tractor/engine operation, oil press and oil seed production
Jatropha •Adaptive Varieties Limited
Croton •In adequate plantations
Shamama •Adaptive Varieties limited
Castor •Wide spread Adoption•Intercropping possible
Options among Non Edible Oils
Assuming that half of the 8 million Kenya homes will by 2030 adopt a bio-oil cooking and heating stove (Protos) at 8 litres per month
The bio- oil requirement equals (4.0 * 106 households * 12 months * 8 litres)
Approximately 400 * 106 litres per annum
Big Question: Is there sufficient land to grow Castor?
Continue.1 kg castor seed produces 0.4 litres.Therefore castor seed required equals 400 * 106 litres/0.4 litres/kg =1,000 *106 Kg
Or 1 million tones of castor seeds
At 2 tones per ha per year 500,000 ha of land is required
This is less that 10% of Kenyan 11.0 million ha Semi arid land
1.2 million ha cropping cultivation is targeted by 2030. Castor as a source of tractor fuel is proposed.
Castor legume inter crop is appropriate for conservation farming..
Oil requirements for 45 kW tractor equals45Kw * 1,000 hrs/yr *0.411 litres/kWh = 22123.2
litres/yr 83.6 *10-2
where;Specific fuel consumption equals 0.411litres/kWhBio- oil calorific value equals 83.6% of
convectional diesel
Mechanized conservation tillage
Continue.At 0.4 liters per kg oil seed requirement
equals 55308 kg
Which is approximately 30 ha assuming 2,000kg seed yield per ha per year.
Working 10 hrs per day for 60 days working period the tractor can cater for 600 acres (240) using 30 ha (12.5 %) only for it’s fuel.
Fuel for 240 ha with a tractor supporting 60 households:
60*8 litres * 12 months 5760 litresAdd tractor fuel 22123Total 27883 Seed required equals27883/0.4 litres/kg = 69708 kgNo of ha equals 35 ha Approximately 1/2 ha per household or 1/8 of
the family land
Thus energy self reliance is achieved
Summary