Bio of Edward Kelly by Michael Wilding

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2

A Biography of Edward Kelly, the English Alchemist and Associate of

Dr. John Dee

Michael Wilding

Thc ern If>, J r>£< ll'l h >11>, l.rbn..:auc>n>, anJ Jc:r.anJ.l[l<ll1> 111 cxi>tlllg .K ... <>unl> .. r t L,

lit",: uf EJwarJ 1\:clly a n.: rou m.m y f~>r inJiviJu.1l rduratrun. E1 cn rhc n" >t rt:>pun,ible comm.:nrarurs anJ h i,rori.ms have, up<m ,lealmg with Kdli, rc-peateJ the,.: unsub, rantiJreJ anJ gcn<.:rJlty Jcr<>g.tt<>ry ,r,>ri.:s. In rh 1, .1rt 1.:lc 1 h av<.: ~uughr w <l>:.cmble rh<l>e rce<JrJ:. <lf h i:. liic rhat can be venhc,l lrllm ..:ont.:mpor.uy 1!\'iJcn..:c, fucu:» ing fnr rc,I:><Hl> <lf >pace nn the documcnr.u·i Jc-Lails of cveryJay liic, rather than ,m the v,Jluminuu> Jra l<1gue:. with >ptnt> th ... t ht! unJc:nook fur De:\!.

EJwarJ Kdty wa, hclfl) ar w\)f(C:>tcr on .-\ugu>t 1, 1555, .ll 4 P.:--.1 lit, >urnaml! is sumerim<.::. :.pctlecl Kdlcy (it b :.ranJ.trJ i:~·J t<> Kdly th r,>ugh uut dlh ani..:le), anJ h.: :1bu wcnr un,ler rhe name ut EJwJrJ T alb,>t. J,>hn Dee rc..:cHJcJ Kdly'> Jate nf birth in rht! h<Jf<l>C<lpe he Jrew up ,,i hi:. n.tn,·iti ,1 JnJ m tl... margin> of rhe almanac ht' u,c:J .b a J iary: "Eel. Kdly n.ttus h,1ra qu.~rra a mcrtJlc ut annorarum rdiqu ir P•ltcr eju,."!

At sumc puinr Dc:e ga1·c Kdly a C<>py uf .111 u..: t.l\c> biblc pnmc,J hi R, t·..:n Stcpht'ns in 1555. It i:. the lln ly b<>llk thJt Dce rc..:<lrJ, g11'tng t1> Kd li. Tl,~ coincklence <>i its publi<:.tti<m Jate anJ Kdly'> birth ,t.1rc >urdy lJy behmJ the gift, whar.:ver llrh.:r h<l(l<! fur mural guiJan..:.: m.1y ha,·.: been imphcJ. '

Parish rc..:,1rJ, ,hllw th.tt EJ,, .u-J Kdly, >cll1 of P.nri..:k Kdly, 11 .1> dm•tc .. ,.J on .-\ugu>r 2, 1555, at SL Swirhin's church, 'XI\>rce.rcr. H.: h.rJ a >l:>tcr Eh:.rl·.:tll. bo rn in 1558, anJ .1 broth.:r ThLlmas. Th,>ma:. larer J<Hned Dee', h<lu,eh,,lJ .u1J D.:e fl!CurJs h b birth J are in thc Jiary, Ocwhcr 17, 156 5, a!,,, dt Wur..:c:,r...r .at

t~>ur in the :lftern<>un.4 AnJ De.: rccurJ:., W<>, rhc bmh J.nc uf EJwarJ 1\:cll, ·• wtfe in hb Jiary: June 23, 1563. ''jane Cnupcr, n<>ll' My,tri:. Kdly, h •11.uJ ev.::ning" (PD, 1- 2). Sh.: cam.: fr,Hn C hipping N<HT<H1.

Nor much i> known of Kdly bdc>rc he mcr Dc.:. Dct.ul, ell h1, eJ .. , .• u . . . a rc unknuwn. Neither the Ruya l Grammar Sch<ll>l nor rhc 1\:mg':. ::> ... I. .... !. W,wc.:sra, ha, pupil rc..:<JrJs from thi:. pcriLlJ. Thcrc b a >llll) thar he· 11 . ., .a1

un i1·er:.iry at OxforJ, bur ir has 11< >[ been :.ub,ranti.uccl. :\nrl1l>ny j \X1,1.>J r,,, ,;j. in Ath~n;r Oxoni~lbis rhar Kdly "being ab•Jll[ 17 i<.!llf> ut Ag.:, ,l[ \l·h~c h fi111c

h.: had attaineJ tu a n>mpetency uf GrammM l.:arning at Wor.:o!.srcr .mJ ._!,, . wh.:re, was :.<.:nr to Oxf,1rJ, hut tu whar H<lU>c 1 cannot rdl. Hm1 c1 cr, I !. .• , c

35

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hn:n lnf<llllln i h\ .Ill .lllc' ic: lll P,,ILhci<ll' <J( l)ll'lnit)' llih> in hi, )'Ullngl'r \'Cdr> h~ 1,j h<.:c:n .m .-\llhlllll.:lhh Ill 1-.lr Thlllll.b .-\l kn ut' Gluu.:c;t.:r-lw/1, rhat h..: \Kdl\) h.1cl ,p..:nt ~~•m..: rim..: in th.tr ll, ,u~..:; 11·hl'reup.m I, r..:..:urring ru rhc matricuLninn, uadJ nul tine! th<.: n.llliL' .1t' Kdly, unly T .tlhur <lt lrdand, rhre.: <lf ll'hi..:h n.Hn<.: 11<.:rc , ru,km, rh<.:r<.: in 1573, 74, &c ... Thi~ n.:Lniun b..:ing ~om<.:whar , lubi,Ju:dy ,ldil·ere,l h > Ill<.!, lmu~r tdl \<RI tk1r Kdly ha\'mg an lllh<.!tti..:J minJ, lcfr Oxun :1hruptly, wi rhuur being enren.'cl intll the marricula."; Somcll'hcr<.: ahmg rh..: lin..: 1\:dly karn.:cl tlu.:m Larin.

El i;b A,hnh>k l'l'Cllr,k,l in 16/5 that the :btrui,Jger "~lr Lilly tulcl Ill<.: thJt J<>hn E1·;11b who tir, t r.1ughr h1111 .~,rn1lngy int~mned him rhar he 11·a~ .tCejll<Hm.:J ll'lth 1\:d\y', ;i,r..:r in Wurce,t..:r, anJ that ~he ~hull'.:d him ~nm.: ,Ji rh..: g,JI...I h..:r hruth..:r h.1el triln>mut.:J ancl th.n Kdly 1\',b ti r,r an . lp<Hh..:cc~ry in W,Jrce>ter."' Lengl<.:r Ju Fr..:,lll >y claim.:d that 1\:dly ILb •t nurary in Luncl,m, >pcc iali: ing in h1rging .uH.:i.:nr ritl.: cl.:.:cb, hut n,J J,J..:umenrary e1·iclenc.: j, kn<lll'n tcJ <.:x i~r .'

In h i> Anci.:nt FJm.:rallll lun wn.:nt.s (163 1) j .1hn Wec1·.:r cite~ Lucan ;m,l Ch.1ucer <lll the redmique .1f r.1bing rh.: cleJJ lur >pi ritu.d pn1ph.:q•. H..: then tdb a , r., ry <>f !-.:dly in Lanca~hir.::

Th i, eh:JI,.,Ii..:;d quc·,ri.ming <ll rh..: cl..:;~,! , f111 rh..: knull'leJgl' <ll. t'u [Lir..: .~..:ciJem> , 11·a, pur in pr.tcric..: h1 thl' t~lre,. t iJ Kdl1; 11·h,1, uppn a ..:enain nigh t, in the park , ,f Walr, •n -111- le-Jalc:. in the CllUnty uf Lm..:;J,t..:r, 11·irh lllk' l'aul War111g (hi, f..:lln11· <.:lHnp.tni<m in .uch de..:J; uf darkn..:,) im·ucneel ><lllle une ut· the infernal regiment t<l know c-:n ain pa~~ag..:s in rh..: Ill <:, a~ .d"1 ll'il<H might h..: knc1wn hy rh-: ,l~v i l'~ t'nre>lght, ,Ji the m~tnn.:r ancl time ,1f rh.: J.:arh ut' a nnhl..: ynung g..:nrl..:man, as then in hi~ war,bhip. The black c..:r..:monic, Llf that night being ended, Kdly clelll:lllckcl ,J( ••ne ,,f the g..:nrl..:man ', seJ'I'ant>, wh;,~ r CLlrpse wa; the la~r hun..:,l in Law church-yard, a church rhereunru aciJ<llning, wh,) tc1ld him of a Jl<><ll' man thar \\'ob huri..:cl rh ..:r..: bur the ~ame clay. H..: ancl the ~a iJ w .• ring entreateJ l hi, f,n·e~aid ~er\' ant [ll gu wi th them [\l the gnll <.! of rhc m;m 'll lardy inr.:rred, which h~ did; and withal , lid hd p rh..:m tl.l d1g up the carcase ,1f the punr Call it'f, whom by rh~ir incanrati<lll>, rh.:y ma, l..: him (or rarh~r S<llll\~ ..:vi l spirit rhmugh his mgalh) to ~p..:ak, wh<l dd11·erecl >trange precl ict iuns C<m..:crn ing the ,aid g..:nrl..:man.

J 11·a, t•1kl thu~ much by the sa id ;erl'ingman, a s.:cundary actor in th,u Ji,m.d ahhurr.:d bu~111e~~. anJ dil'l'l'> g.:nrlemen , ancl ,Hh..:rs, ar~ n.nv li1·1ng in Llnc~>h irl! to whom he has rdated thb >t<lry. AnJ the g..:nrle-m.m hin~>df (wh< l><: m.:nhn·y I am buund t<l h,mnur) t<lkl m.: a lirrl..: h.:f,•re h i~ J ..:atlt nf thb <.:<mjurari<>n by Kdly; '" he had it by rdat ion tmm hb ,aiel !>1.!1'\';\tH .111d ren.mr; only snm..: circumstance> ex..:cpre,l, 1rhi..:h he rh,lllgh r n<l£ tilting ru cume ru h b mast..:r's kn.nd..:dg..:."'

\\' ..:..:1 er he gin, h 1, a..:C<lllnt, "!-.:dly ( eH herll'i>l' <.:;Ill eel T.db,lt) rh.n fJm<lU!l Engl i, h ,tkh..:mist of uur limes, ll'hLl fl ying llUt llf hi, uwn -:ountry (afre r h..: hac! lost h<lth ht, ear~ ar L mcasr..:r) wa, ent.:rra ineJ with Ru,l,llf the >t:C<lnd, and l,br <lt' that C hrbti<lll n.1me, Emt' l..'l'<ll' 11f G..:rnuny." Weel'<:r 11'<1> burn in Lan..:a~h ire

.--\ !31tJ~J'dph) uj f.!u o~ r.l /-:, 11:., d~<: Eu_,:ll,h :-\tltdl ll>l ,

an,! rer.uneJ ~tr<lllg ..:,nlne..:ri, Hh there, >ll the >t<~r\ 1\\,1\' b..: .lllt hem". I I, . - .. ,, tir,r CcHllllll'IIWl<ll' I•> ich:nrtt\ 1-:dly with Talh,lt ; 11 lth n<l puhli,hed r,·,_, rJ, 1.

Jraw <Ill , h.: lllll1erhdc, knew rhi, J~ratl .'' The cmpping ,>fear> ll'<b .1 ,ranJarcl JlllilcJ.tlpuni, hmetH 111 Tud<~r E,,J ,,, ,.I

bur nu cunrempurary r..:C<lrd h,t, h..:en d1~..:m·..:red elf 11 h.lt crun..: Kdly ,,.,,, .Ilk_,.! [ll have commit t~-1. nr llf rhc l').eCuti<Hlllt' . uch a ~..:nt..:nce . 1 '1 In Pr.l.,;u..: 111 Is ~ l C hn>tllpher P.1rkin> 11·a~ a.k..:d lll 1\:dly "in the Emperur', n.une, 1f I c,,uiJ ~11 , any aCO.::<lllnr uf the duninish111g of on..: ,,f 1-, ,~ ..:.1r,."11 W..:..:1·..:r 1\ td)' ha1·.: ..: :u,.:gcr-ar..:J in ha,·ing h,Hh ..:..1r~ lclpped, Jll>t ,b l.tt~r <.:ellllll\etnat<lr> e).c~gg~· r.H..: 111 h,t\'11•-Kdly regul,trly chggmg up Clll'['>l':i. Only •llle Clll'p>e b rep<~rt ..:cl lll h,11 c hc:.:n di~intt.:rred, and only <llll' e.tr i, h..:r..: ,,1iJ Ill ha1·e b..:en l<~pped.

In 1581 j c1hn De~ h.1d b..:gun l<l<Jk mg flt r an <bSbt.IIH tu hdp hun ..: o~n, , ,lt with >fllri ts. De..: \\'<IS htry-ti,·c, a di.ringui,hecl nurh..:m.l£1(1,111, obl r<lluger, .. nJ >peculariv..: thinkl!r. 1! H.: haJ the larg<:>t pri v,n..: bhrary in Bmam hut it 11'.1' 11 .1t .:n<lugh. N<l\1' he 1\',mrcd dir.:cr a..::c..:~, t<l dil·in..: knuwleJge, me,b.ltcd d1r,1u,.:h angds, 11f <.:lJu rsc . The l'olumul<lU~ rec,Jr,h uf the >)' lrttu,tl rran,a..:tl<llb rh.11 rc~ultecl from Kdly'~ parmer,hip wirh De.: :ue prl'>l!n·ed in m.mu,..:npt> 111 ti ll' Briri~h L1hr.try. Th..: maj ,H· part are re..:nr.J..:, I 111 Il lS Cnrrun App..:ndJ)\ XL\ '1 part> I and 2. Th i, \\' '\> rr;ubcribe,l .md publi~h..:cl by !l.lcn..: C.t,,luhon, ,,, :-\ T n ,L and Faithful R.:!tuion uj' W'hw Pru.s.:d jiJl' t>ltlll)' Y.:t~n B~t ll'~.:n Or. John 0.:.: ( :-\ Mmht.'ln,ui..::ian of Gn.:tll Falllc in Q . Ek.rb,·Lh ant! 1-:ing J,uno.!~ th<.'lr R~l,'lt .:s J ,11\J Som.: Spirits: T.:nJing (hliJ i1 Sl li.:C.:dd) w « Gcncr,d .-\lt..'n11io11 uf lllo>l St.rtl'> ,mJ 1-:ingdum.:s i11 tho.! \\lurlJ ( L111dun: Pnnr..:J by D. llla)\11'..:11 f,ll' T . G.mh11 .ur, 1659).1l Th..: reC<lrJs llf rh..: iniu.d rran>.lCt l<llb haJ h.:..:nm..: 'ep.1rat<.:d fr,Hn rh.: m.He riab Ca,auhun rrc~n ,..::nbed, .md were .u.:qu1r..:d by Eh,t~ .-\,hmul..: 111 16/2." Th..:y are now prl'>el'l'ccl " ' Briti~h Librar1 IllS S!,,,me 3188. They \I'L'I'c tr.ut-,..::ribed anJ eJired by Chri,rnph..:r Whirhy 111 a d,Kt<Jral th..:,b at rhe Un11·..:r, m of Birmingham, 1%1, John 0.:/.s A..::tion.s ll'ith S/Jil'll.s: 22 O~c.:mb.:r 1581 t" 23 May 1583. 11 A furrh..:r ..:pi><hlt!, pre • ..:r\'..:d in the &klb.m libr.1ry (~!:) A,hm •• k 1790 arr. I) , \\'as dis..:lll'..:r..:d ancl tran,l.u..:el hy C. H. j ,,,ren a> "An Unkn.nl n C hapter m rh.: Li fe llf j ,Jhn Dee," ]u11nwl of thc \v'urb11rg a11d Collrtuu!J ll ~> tlt ltt.: > 28 (1965): 223-57; EJwar,l F..:ntcll\ in Tlu. Oiari.:> of John Oc.: , 1 8 5-~9. Jr.lll -clll a ;,el'l'nte.:nrh-cemury rr.ublatll)ll<lf rhi, epi,od.: (Bnri,lt Library, !\ IS Slu.ll\l' 3645 , fols. 22-38 ). S,1me <If the m.u..:ri,ll, fmm rh..: >pimual >e»illn> 11er..: tr.lll-,..::ribed an,! >)'>t..:m,ui:.:J llH<l <lth..:r li\.111U>l'I'IJ't ,.,,lume,. 1"

De..:'s tirsr >p i ritualcxp..:rim..:nr~ wcr..: u n><HI>fc~crury. He hJun-1 .111 ·'"''t .• r.r B.lrn,th;t> Saul, a pre;t..:h..:r and ma.rer of arts. In F..:hru.1ry 15 b2 S.llllll'a> m,h, le J but rd..:a, ed, "hi, inclicnnenr being hy law t~1unJ i11>Uihc ienr at W..:, llnin,t...r Ht~ll ," Dee n.:..:ord~ . thllugh ll'lth<lllt ~p..:c ifymg wh.n th<! ..::harg..: ll'<b lPD. I; : Fent<lll, 24 ). If it inl'oll'ccl >lll\\1\\<llling up >pirir~ 0..:..: 11'<1> luck} n<>t t<> h,,, L heen charg~J tu<L The pre1j..:cr Cclllkl e;~>ily hal'e C•l i\\L' Ill an en,l. But c·.trl\ 111

March a new .ecr wa, intr< lcluceJ t<l D..:..: by a 1\ lr. C lerblln. 1\IM..:h :,, "~lr Clerk~•ll1 anJ hi, triend cam.: t<l my h<Hl>e .... " The hlllmving J .1y, "Fn,L\ .u dinner tim..:, Mr C lerbcm an,i 11- lr Talh,ll J..:d.~red a great -lea! ut B.mul .,; naughty Jeahng tuwar,l me: 11> 111 r..:lling ~ lr Clcrb.m ill thing~ <11. m,· th .. t I , h,Juklmak [Fent<~n: "n~<Kk"J hi, t'n.:nJ , a~ rn.H h..: wa> 11eo~ry uf me, th.lt I "''''.J

l\l t--IY:)liC.-\L t--lET.AL l...IF t1l...ILI)

,,,tl.nrer hi, fri,·n-1 the karne,lnl.lll rha1 1 ,,.,,ukl h,m._,,,· IFelH<>Il: ''here<ll'e"] hi1n ,,f him. But hi, fric:nJ t<ll, l Jlle, hefure my wife .:~n,l ~lr Cl.:rb.m, rhar a >pi ritual ue.l(ure t••ki him rhar B.u·nah<b had cethur..:J IFentun: ''cu,ened"l h<)th 1\lr Clerb<m an-I nu:. The injuri.:, 11·hich rhis B<H"n<lhas ha,! June m.: , li l'ers II'J)'S w..:re w ry gr..:ar, ere" (PD, H - 15; F..:m,•n 24). Tw,, lines partially c:ra,e,l in rhe c>rigin;tl arc rest<JreJ in F.:m.m'~ rexr: "Thi, k;lrn.:,l man afr..:r Jinn.:r pnnni~..:d t<l du ll"har he cou l-1 t<l further my kn,lwle-lge in magic ... with fairie, ... A llhli1Strnu~ ;mJ lhliTihl.: lie" (F..:ntlln, 25). Ahu1·..: the JeleteJ emry is wrinen, "\\JU that r.;a,l thi, unJ..:nHirrt.:n <b>U I\: yuursdf that it b a shameful li..:, fur Talbnr neither sru,lt.:d f,,r any ~uch rhu1g: nn r ,h,lm.:-1 him,df dishonest in anything." Ab,,,·c thi:. D..:e IITlltc, "Thi, is l\lr Talb,lt, or rhJr karn..:d man, hi, nwn IITiting in my h,>,>k, ,·,·ry un.luly <~>he came by it" (F..:nr.m, 26 n.l3).

Halliwl·ll rcm.1rked, ''There aro.: ~c1·cml ••ther n<ltic.:~ ut" Talb,lt cra,ed, bur whetloer by hitn lll" hy the LJ,Jcror it i, imp<>»iblc [l) >Cl)', hut must rrllbably rho.: t(mner" (PD. I 'in). The cra>cd entries rdar..: mainly w Talh,lt u r tu Dcc's wik, an-I an.: rc,r.,rc-1 in FetH<~n', text (-H. 45, 46, 47, 48, 51 , 70, 72). Twu indicate Dec', J,,uhr, ahuur Talbllt. l'vlay 29, l5tl2, "lunderSl"<JoJ <~fEJ T alb,lt hi:. wicked n<Hure .md hb ah.Hninab lc lie~. ,·rc." July 16, 15tl2, "I hJ1·e c.mti rmcd that Talhut was <I cuscner ... " (Fcnron, 45, -1 6) . Yet whatcl'er douhts Dec had, he C<HHinuc,lt< > eml'l<lY Talh,lt anJ llllrk with him ior the no.:xt se1·cn ycJrs. His mu:.r :.cri<lU> -!uuht is ..:xpre~scd in a nllte t•• rh~ recurd ut rhc :.piritu<d trJtbac-riun, ut !\larch I 0, 1582, ll"hcn he recor~l, rhar Tal bot w!J him that o riginally "his cuming ll'a> to entr<lp me, it 1 had haJ any dealing wirh wick.:,! spirits, as he cnnt~·,,,.,j uftl·n times <ltre r: <llkl that he \\"<.IS :.et <ll1, etc." 1i Who had set him <HI i, nc1·er re..:llrded.

The ne11· :.eer came under the: name "f E,lwar,l Talhllt, but after Nu1·cmher !5Li2 he i> knuwn as Edw.1rd l(dly (Llr l(dley). J<>hn Wee1·..:r, wr iting in 1631 ,1f "Kclly (llrh..:rll'i>c knll\1'11 as T .:~!but)," i, the tirsr commcmarnr t<l i,lenrify T,1lbur an,! i(..: ll y. With 11<1 puhli>he,l recur,!, w dra11· un ar rhis dare \XIec1·cr's identili..:miun ~ecms t<l be trum some now unknown per>cmal or ancclh>ral Slllii"Ce. l>

On ::l;llur.l. ty, March 10, 15tl2, De..: and his new a,~i:.l<lnt hcg.m their cun-sulrar iuns ll"tth spirits, which c.nuinue,l, with inrcrrupti<Hb, tor se\'o.:n years. Kelly l<hlk,·d intu <t "sh<lll" sw n.:" and saw the spirits. De.: a,kcd the quc,tkHos. The >pirits rq)lied rhruugh Kdly. Occasionally the spi ri ts appear..:d <lllt~ ide rhc Stllne, hut thc n.: was murc nf a risk nf dcvi li:.h impnstclr, appearing uutsidc the stune than in ir. .-\~ R. J. W. El'ans ll"rircs 11f Kdly, ''his pcrt~mnanc~s at the seance:. suggc::>t <lt 1·cry leaor thuruugh familiarity with the t..:chnical proceduro.:~ ut "cculti>m."1'' Nu dcscriptilln ,J( the St<lnc ~un·i,·es, hur ir :.ecms th<lt Dcc haJ more than une. S~Hne ,lraw ings in rhe marg in uf rhe :.piritual record:. suggest rhar they were: >phcric;d halls, ancl fr,lm eviden..:c in the records w.: can as;,ume rhcy were uf cryora l. In the British ~luscum there is <I bbck <lbsidian mirn1r, of Mexican •Jrigin, ll"hich is ~;lid tLl hal'e bclunged t<l Dec. It b duubtful, h,>wc1·cr, whether this wa' uoed in rh..: :;crying se:»ions.:.1

Dcc hin~>dt" dn.;, nut ~c..:m tu h<IVt~ seen ur hcar,l dk• >piritual creature> , ltrecdy, alth,1ugh the yc;tr hefl1rt:, May 25, !So l, he rcc,Jrdcd in hi, lliclry thar

I

A Bt.,gntphy uj EJu.nJ 1-.:dl;.. c lt~ Englt,!t :\l,·h.:tlll\l ) -1

" I haJ ,ighr in cry:.rallli<Jitcre,l m..:, and I ,m.-'' (PD. 11; Fent<Hl, I)). but 11. .t

~cems ro h;11·e b..:cn a rare •Kcasi<ll1. His praC tiCe nllw II'J> t<J pur h t> ·I Lie> I •· ,, ,, and the ,piritua l creature, wnuld Jnswo.:r rhr .. 1ugh Kdly, whll ~<nl· rlo..:lll 111 rl., sr.m..:. De..: wou!J then write ,Jnwn what wa, ~aid . T he n<lte, were l.n,·r tl.•o~· scrihed, an-I the rec(>r,ls ,If rhe>e ~essi,ms b<~tmd up inru buob. Orh..:r m.lnt,, ._ ti j'f bnoks w..:re compiled which ab,rracteJ anJ Ctlllared rh..: infnnnati•m ~~~en.

The spiritual clialugue:. with Uric!, Gabrid, ~ lich.ld, H.aph.1d, N.rh ·'.~' Di.: lllis, Mapsama, an,! orhcr angds C<llloi,r oi l..:ngthy insrru..:tilln:. 111 .m,:c:l magic, warnings <lt" apucalyp:.o.:, explc1rariun:. ot g..:nealugi..::., surveys of the rq;tdl•' uf rh.: W<lrld, rebukes tll Kdly f,lr privately pracu .:ing SataniC 1\\..Jgtc, an,l .tlchem-ical and ~pirirual parables. Slime of rhe ,pint>, like the )'llung girl ~laJmt l,•J Madimi), arc Jma:ingly individu<lteJ . Kdly', medium i~ric power, h.l\'1.! been d,JUbted by m<.~ny C<Hnmenrators, bur if rloe~e dial.1gucs were J co tb.::Illlb h, ,_,:o. , then Kelly sh,1uld be given due credit as a literary geniu>.~ 1

The ,pirirual e:o.pl,mHi<lm were <lftcn interrupre,l. O n ~l.trch 20, 1 1.:>~ T alb,)( was instructed, "He mu~r go fm rh.: h<l<lb ebe they will pen,h. " !In explain.:d in a n<)te: "He mc.mr thar my patrner E,l. T<.~lb,Jt , h ,>uld g<l t•• I.Ctch the hooks ffllm Lanc.tster (or rher~by) which were rhe Lurd ~ lounreaglc\ b," ~ • which Mr Murt yet h,t>."11 William Stanl..:y, rhirJ L,H·d ~1<1Lll1t..:agle , wh<l h.d died the previous year, i, presumably meant. He ll'cl~ a 1\h.:mber ,>f <li1C <li rlo<l>e pow..:rful, Cad1<Jli.: ari:.tucratic famili<.!s, a round wh<Hn pi.Jb and :.uopicilltb tl .. ur-ished. H is granJ ,un William had inh..:rircJ rh..: CliUrt<.!~)' ride but he 11 cl> cllll) sev..:n, so rhe bo,Jb arc unlikdy to have been hi,. T h..: yc>ung ~ {,lunte.lgk 11.1.:: lmo.:r inv.JiveJ in the faile,l rebdliun of tlw Earl <lf E:»..:x. He ..::.c.tped ll"l lh .1 fi ne and became an infurmer llll Carhulic C.Hbpir.lcte,. lr I> generally bdt..:l·c:J thar ir was h..: whLl revealed rho.: GunpowJ..:r pi< H. Whether o r nlll Talh-1t 11 c:nt to Lanca,ter i:. unkn,nvn. He lefr rw,, day, ,lt[er the in~rructi•ll1 (PD , 15; Fcm.Jn. 40) and W<b back with D..:e five w.:cks later, b1· Arri128, wirh,lur h.J\'lllg uhr.u1kj the books.

Ar rh.: enJ ui Aprd !5tl2, rhc angd ~I ichctd tlliJ Tal bot rh.n he , hul,IJ ger married. T albut wa~ 1·ery unhappy ar the in~rructilln. "V..:ry ~,lrt! ... lt:.qute tcJ ," De..: record,. Acc.Jrding t<l Talbut, "H.: sai ... l rhJt 1 mu:.r bcrake my~eh. r,, th,· wmld <1ncl f,Jrsake the 1\'l lrld . That i, rhar I ~lll JUI,I m.Jrf)·. Which th in~ tu J,, 1 have nu tutural inclination: n..: irhcr with <I o<t t"e c,m,c icncc may I J u it , c, ltlt r.tr) t<l my I'OW and pr,Jiessi<Ho.":; On May 4, T ,,lbor kt"t (PD , 15 ; Fenron, -14 ).

lr is unckar what he m..:;mt by his Vll ll' and pt"<lfe,ilm. Did h.: m..:an l.v w~1~ forbidden ro 1m1rry becauoe he was •1 C<.~rlllllic prie,t? W h.tr cbe .::lluiJ Le have meant? Wa~ he operating undergfllund in Engbn,l, under an .t:.>Ullled n .• nr, pcrh<.~ps, pur into Engbnd from a ~eminary ill Eur,1pe? Walsingham's mrellt,;en ... , network hJd intercepted and turned a numb~r uf such 1)ric,r, and u,eJ tlo..: m ·'' inf,mners <ll1 urhe r Catholics. Was Kclly/T alb,Jt <lll<.: ,>( rhuse? Latoc.J~htr.:. 11nL which he is assuciar..:J in Wee1·er's ,r,Jry and in hi:. prup,1,ed vi~it fur 1--l •• un-r ..:aglc'~ b,1uks, was at this t ime a ;,tr,JngllLll,j of C,nh,llic re.:u,~HIC)' .

The ,!Jr..: uf the marriag..: is unknown. Th..: ..:;~rli..:st mcntinn <lf h:c: ll~ ·, 11 11L

io in the , piritual reC<lrcls on April 29, 15tl1, when Kclly rcceil'ed a l..:rrcr 1. . ,n,

' .,~ l\1\STIC.-\L ~IET.-\L L)f l11.)1J)

h..:r. ·1 .-\r thb J'<>IIH 1-:dl\ ~..:..:m, n<>t ru h.r1·..: he..:n li 1 mg with h..:r, hu t >f-' \ mg with D.:..: .H h lllrt lak..:.

\..Jn July I 3, 158~. th..: n~un..: <>f T~dbuL ·'I'J'car:, in D..:..:'s ,li.lr)' t;,r the Li>t tim..:: "~'lr Talh,n C<IIHC .rh,•ur 3 uf the d n.:k afrc·r n<l,H1, with whum I h.rJ >dill<.:

wnr,b ,,f unkindn..:,; 111.: p;lrr..:~l fn t!n,lly; h.: >aiel rh.n rh.: Lur.l ~lnrley h.1cl rh.: L 1rd t-,(,,uiHeagle hi, h,,.,k, . H..: pr<llllised me sum..: ni Dr ~!yn11'e r', hu,,b" (PO, 16; F..:ntcln, -!5 , r..:;llb ''with wh<Hll llud ><•me \\'llr,l, c1ih,1ok dc:llmg: whc1 p.med in fri ..:nJiy r..:rm," ). Lur~l 1\(,,unre;lgk', daughter Eli:aherh haclm.uTieel EJw.rrJ Parker, lOth h.1run t-,(,,rl..:y, and it \\'aS prc>Ulll:lbly he whu ncm· haJ the! hclllks. lr is nor kn,n,·n ll'l1<1 Dr. h lyniver was, bur lat..:r in the ,pi ritual rran,;H.:ti<H1S (June· 27, 158-!: TFR , 185) Kdly rnl,l D.:..: that he haJ karn..:J >ume magic ritu~l l , frdlll him . p,1SMhly }\ h•untl!agle'> bu,lkS d..:a!t with magic, [ll\l.

\X1hen th.: >piritu:d tmnsacti<Hb rcsum~.:, N,ll'..:mh..:r 15, 15b2, rh~: >C ryer is n:un..:el Eclll·.u·el Kdly.:; In a >pirirual ,.;, i, ln <ll1 Nlln:mb..:r 21, the .mgd, ddrv-creel .r ,tun..:, ",1, hig .h an egg," whrch Dee fuunJ un rhe tlu,u· ut his >tuel\:.:o After thi, gill there ar..: nu recllrd, nf furrh..:r >piritu:ll CtHWer,.rriuns t;1r f,lur nHmth,. The pri1·ar..: ,li:u-y r.:curd, rh:lt the clay airer the gift Kdly >d llff ru L, 111d,ll1 anel Lhe tdluwing d.1y t<l Blu.:kl..:y m rh..: Cms\\'olds, h1 rerurn within ten ,lay, (PD, 17; Fent<Hl, 51). But rher..: i, thl indi.:.Jri.m th<H he Jicl return unti l t>.L1rch the f;> llmrmg )l!ar, 1583.

I 11.: returned \\'ith a ~lr. J"hn llu,ey <lf Bl,>ckky, ll'ith wh.nn h..: ,,lid he h;o,l f,•und <1 >Cn>ll, wrirr..:n in >trangc character>, a P<l\\'eler, and ..1 m;mu,cript cun>t>ting ,,f t\1'<> indi,·i,lual h,>uks <111 diffcr~.:nr >uhj..:.:rs, ,1ne ,,,- rh..:m rh..: alchem-ical hn,lk ut' Dull>t<m, :m,! the ud1..:r a b,,,,k ut' hi..:r,>glyphics. The~..: wer~.: f,1LmJ, h..: ~a te!, hy >piritual Jirc:.:ri,lll ar N,>rrhwick Hill n.:ar Blnckley.:i The P<ll\'clcr, De..: .m,l 1-:dly Lltl!r cSt<lhli , heJ, \\'as the akh..:mical elixir. 1-:dly Jid nut immcdi-arely r..:1·..:al to De:..: rh~: full cxr~.:nr ,,f rh..: ircnh t~ >unll.

.-\ number ,,r manus.: riprs a~crihccl ru Sr. Dunsran exbr . .-\ .:upy ,,f the: "Tr.oct.JtU> ~1.r x uni D,Hnini Du11>tani Epi><=llpi Cantuaritbb, \'cri philo,.>phi, dt: L1pidc phik•,uphl>rum" in rhe hanJ c1f Arrhur D..:..: >U rvil·<=~ in rhe Britl>h Li-hr;lry, h,1un,lwrrh his "Arcr ar.:anllrum" (MS Slnanc 1876). Anhur D~.:~.: 11'<1> J•1hn D..:..:', >lln, anJ ir i> P•>s>ihl~.: rhar thi> manu~cripr is a tran~.:ripri,,n nf the;: >.l lllL' 1\\lrk rh.lt Kdly clbc<l\·er..:J, hur sine~: the pr~.: ~c:nr where<lhl>urs ,1f rh..: manu,.: npr Kdly ,li, cm·er..:J is nnr knnwn, ir i~ impu,:.iblc to be cc:rra in.!'

It ha, been > J1~.:cubrcJ rhar rhc enigmatic Vuynich "Roger 13acun" manu-_,cript , <liKe· hdllngi ng t<1 rh..: Emp~.:ror Rud,>lf anJ nu\\' prc::...:n·cJ in the Bc:in..:ck..: library ar Y~dt: Uni1·..:r:.iry, \l'<b nne <>f Kclly's Bln.:kky Jbc<>v..:rie,. De..:'s ><lll Arrhur ro kl Sir Thoma, Br,l\1'111.: rhar in Buhemia 0~.:..: p<bsess..:J a bcll>k, t(nmd rugcrh..:r \\'ith a J1<lll'der, "cllntaining nothing hut hicruglyphic>, which 0<1l1k his brh..:r hc:st<lll'cd much rune upnn: bur I <=<•ukl 11<1[ hear [har he Cl>ukl mJke ir llltt." L1e>J1i t..: Cllll>iderahk dt(1rr an,l Cllmpur~.:r <hsi,rcd deClleling appli~.:J ru rh..: y,,ynich lll<H1u:.cripr, still llll <111e ha~ hecn ahk ru make ir nur. 2~

In larcr ycar:. \'ariuu~ .nher acC<lUnt> ut the a.:ctuisiri,m uf rh.: pu11J..:r .m,l rhe manuscript .: ir.:ularcJ. Eli;b A, hmllle \\Tore in Th.:amon Ch.:nucwn Bmanni-Cillll rhar D..:~: ,mJ Kdl r '\vcr~.: sn >tr:mgdy furtumrre, as tu tinJ a \'ery largc quanriry uf rhe elixir in ~ume pmr of rh..: ruin~ ,,fGI,t>t<ll1hury abbey.""' But thb

I

A 13togT.t[ilr;. ll/ EJu,n,l 1:-:dl), rhc En,:lt,!r Akhclll•>l .,,

11.1s \l'rlrt.:n hd,He .-\~hm,>lc: h,1,l .rcqlllrc:d rhe m.mu,cnpr ,1( thl' nl>t I'.« I,: it.. spiritu,d ri.:CllrJ, , 111 which the: Bh>.:kley .ICC<>llllt i> gl\'1!11. N iclll." Lcn.:kt "" Fre,noy d,1im..:d in hi, Hi,wir.: d<! ltt Philu:;oJJhlc H.:ml.:ll<jltl' (I i -!2 ) rh.H 1-: .ll, b,>ughr rh..: pnwder anJ the mamr,.:npr f, ,r Il m the Webh m.1rche· r'r, m ,,;; innkeeper 11 htl h,1J i.ICLJllir..:J rhc!m fr<Hll the rt>hher> uf th..: rumb Ut .. I f-r,h, J' li:

a ne ighb<lring church.U There is nll re<b•ltl fll credit e1rh..:r llf th..:>c i.ICCllll llt •. Dee haJ alchemical lahuratL>rit:> at hi> huu,..: ,n 1\ lurrb ke , ~~ fl'l\ nu k •

up,rream ui L,m,hm on rh..: Rrn~r Th.une,. He h,lJ hc:..:n ..:xp..:rim..:nring thll , for twenty y..:ars. I lis library cnnrameJ sum..: nin..:ty .d.:h..:mical h,,.,k, ;mJ ,,;.., \ alchemical manu>.:riprs, many con>l>tlng 11f mur..: rhan <me w.>rk.1! There ,, ... diary of ht, alchemical cxperimetlt> f,11' 15 :5 I pre,..:n·..:d rn the BuJb.m L1h.,, \ (MS Rawlinson D 2-! 1; ex.:~.:rpt in Ft:nrlm, 308-09), anJ hb pnl'arc ~lr.u)· inJ r-cate> >umcrhing c1i his cnntinuing intcre>t in rh..: ;1r..:a in rh..: 1580,. lt ,, nut ck.rr. h<111'1.:\'er, wherh~.: r he 11·as ..:ngageel in akhemi.:.d wurk with Kdl~ dt rhr, wn,

Am,mg frequent visitclr> tu tvl,>nbk.: ar thl> rime \\'<1> AJrian Gdbc·rt , h.,lt brother ro Sir W.drc:r Ra l..:gh anJ <l>>i>tanr ru 1\ lary Sidney in her alch..:nue.d cxperim..:nrs ar Wiltlln Huu,c;. Adrian anJ h i, hrmh..: r Sir Humphrey Gdbl·n \\'~:re actl\'e in prllllll>ting n>yagc> tcl the t\mc:nca,, pruJc:Ct> in wh1ch Dce 11 ·''

invulveJ. AdriJn G ilb..:rr \\'.!, all.m·..:J ><Hlle pMu cip.ll lllt1 111 rh..: >l!»t<lll> 11 11 h tire spi rir,.11

Kdly qu.rrrdl..:d \\'lth G rlherr , .1, h..: elrd w1rh .rn<Hh..:r \'t>ll<•r. the mt·,,nnc~ ChJrle> Slc!J. "Serve Gl1d ;md rake h..:cd <>i n..:rrlc:s," a ,pt ritu.LI ,.,1ic..: \\,lrnL·J nn Apri l 5, 158 3. "This was >J1<1kcn ru Kd ly in r..:,p.:.:r ,,fa great anger h.: 11.1• in yest..:rnighr, by rt!a,,m that on~: haJ J one him inJury hy >pc..:.:h a t my r.rHl·," Det: recl)rds, n<>ting rhat rh.: per,nn '' hu up>l.:t Kdly wa, Ch.•rl~.:, Sled.11 SI..:J was one! of Wabingham's lllll>t dfe.:tl\'e .mJ llllb t rr..:achc: r•1US >I!Cr..: r agent>. He haJ upc:rar..:d a, a spy in R.un..: in 1579, reporting hack nn Carhulk pric>t, wh,, ,,·e r~: being prepared fur unelcr<.:<ll'er c>p..:r.Hiun, in Engl.lnJ. H..: ho,l comprleJ ·' J,»,ic:r <ll\ n.:arly duce hundreel pric,r,, ><1l,lier>, mercham,, .mJ , ruJ..:n t> he· h.,J met rh~.:rc:. After hi> <=•wcr wa~ bl,111'n he: rc:wrnc:J tu Engl.mJ wh..:r~.: h ~.: cununuc:J hi, act iviri~.:s tl.>r Wabingham. He pre><.:nt,:d 1!\·iJ..:nc..: fur the >tat..: ar rh..: m .t! uf Edmund Campion. Th~.: C:l'icknce b widdy hdie1'1.:J l<) h,ll'<.: he..:n f.rhn..: .rre.l. C.unpi<m wa, >enrc:nc..:,l t<> de.nh and ext:cut..:J. Sle,l hung arc1unJ D..:e', ,,·.,rU fm a number nf y..:ars anJ "'''' invcll n~J in rh~: plunJ..:nng nf his librar). \\ ,,, Kdly'> rag~: a p>ychic re<.:nil frl>lll him! Or d1J Kdly kncm' wh..1t Slt:d \\'a,: \\ .lo

Sl.:d rherc;: war.:hmg De..:, ur Kdly, <lr h,Hh ? W.b Slc:d try ing tu unJ..: nninc: 1-:ell) in De..:'s ey~.:> by provoking him in >Llllle wa)'? Or 1f Kdly a> Talhtlr haJ ongrn.dh been >l!t tu enrrap De~:, JiJ they knuw each uther, Kdly anJ Sled, irom wurk m,. rugether in rhe past, or prcs..:nt !1

;

Kdly haJ a tiery tc:mper, anJ hi> rd.Jll<llbhrp \\'ith D..:..: ,,. ,~, <lften ,, , ,rill\ He fr.:qu~.:nrly rdu>l.:el w conrinue ru sc ry. Of cme such <lCC.JS i<m, A11ril 2e\ 15,:,) ll'hen rh..: stone ,hnw..:J only a dark cl.)liJ, Dee recurd,:

Thi, S.uurday h.1d hcc:n grc:.lt .md e.1gc:r p.mg> hetll·ec:n E. "- .111.! u • ..: while he wuulJ utt..:rly di>Cr..:Jtt rhc wh,>l..: pm.:.:,, ,,f uur ddl<~lb: ,,,, r. be lkme hy evil <~nJ illuding ~p1ms: >eeking hb dc!>trucuun. S.r) rn.: ri. .• t

12 ~1\STil>\ L ~IET.-\L ()f <.J()L[)

he ha~ <lltc:n hc:rct<II;Jr<.: h..:ct l t11kl thing~ rru..:, bur 11f illuJmg ,l..:1·ib: ,1nd 111111', hnw can rhi~ hc nrh.:1, rh<~n a mocke rr, w ha1·e a curner..:d dark d , lucl t<l be ~huwed him insr..:a,l of the plain writmg which hirh.::ncJ h.:: ha,l wrirr.::n <lllf <li? And th<tr when they slhJulJ do goo~.l in deed that the n they ~hr.mk tr.1111 tb. And rhar h.:: was nut rhus w lllsc: hi~ time: bur rh.1r h ..: i~ t<l ~rudy, t<l l,·arn ><lme kn.1wledge, whcrebr he may live: >111d rhat he wa~ a cumb.::r t11 m y hou~c. and that h..: dwdkd hen: as in a prison: that it were h..:tt..:r f,Jr him t<l h..: near Cot~all plain where he might wa lk .thm,td, 11 it hour danger t•l he cumbered or l't:xc:d wnh ~uch ~ lan~.l.:rou~ fdlul\'> as yc:>ter~.lay he wa:,, wirh one lirrle N.::d dwdling ar the Black Raven in We,nnin~rer: wh11 railed ar him fur hearin" wirne~s of a barg.tin m.t,le herw~en the ~ame Ne,l (<If E .. lward) and un; Lu~h, .1 ~u rgcon, whn wa:, lhiW !alien in puvcny, a very htlnest man, erc. 10

But l;•r .dl 1-:.:llr'~ d,Jubr~ :md rage,, lu~ m.:,liumbric P•lll'er:, were .:xrr.t1Kdmary. O n tvLty 5, 1583, Dc:c a,k..:,l rhc :,pi tirs ,th,Jut " rh.: vi~ion which ye:>ter ni .. ht wa:, pn:>c:nlc:d (unl .. ,Jked f,1r) tu th.: :,igh r <lf E. K. a, he :,at :u supp..:r wtrh"m..:, in my h.dl : I m~an: rh..: .tp(:caring , ,f rh.: \'ery :>t:a , .md many ship:, rhercnn, and the currtng ut rh.: hca~.lul a ll'llllh111, by .1 rall hl:11.: k man, what a rc we w ima.,in..: I he~t:<IIT' l-1..: 11''~" rnl~, "The on..:, did :,ignity rh..: prul'ision of l~1reign pu~·crs .tg.lllbt rh..: wdlar~ Lit rhi" land: which they ~hall ~hnrtly pur in practice: rh.: <~ther, rh..: death ut rh..: Qu..:en ,1f Scut:>. Ir is nur lung unru ir."l7

nee ntJte.l in thc ma rgin Ill his rc'Clltd,, "The Quet:n nf Sc.l[~ [\) be b.:-l~.;,l,!ed." Ar ~nme Lncr date h.: ad, l,:d, "S,J shc was, An no 1587 ar Furh.::ringhay Ca,tl..:. An0 abo rh.: :,ame year a gre;.~r pr..:parati<lll ut ship> agaitbt En"ldncl by the ~ing ol Spain, rhc P11pe anJ other princt::> called Catholic, etc." That wa~ rhe ::ip.1111"h .-\nnacla ut 1588. Kdly had :,t:en imn the iurure.

On ~by I, 1583, Dce nnr..:d in his priv<Jtc di:lry the arriva l 111 LnnJ,m ,J( rh.: p,,lbh , 1.1rJ Olbra~hr Lt,ki_:-;.11' Alhcrr as rh.: English c<Jihl him (PD, 10; F..:nron, 7ti). Lt, kl (I) 36-160)), the PaL.ttmc of Sierad:, a powerful figure in the ..:l..:ct i<Hb ru the P~1lbh thrun.:, had h..:en a major parricipanr in rh..: Puli,h d..:lcgattlll1 r,J France after rh.-: ..:l~criun uf Henri de Valnis. During hi~ visit then! he had marn..:d rhc ~.laughter ut rlw King, Sabinc d..: S-!1·.!, his third, ancl last, 11 11..: .. An arch..:typal Renaissance aristocrat, he wa, the aurhnr ,,f rwu lx1uks in LJtin, on.: a mi lirary rrcari.e, the urhcr Lll1 rdigi.m and politics. He h ad travelled wtddy artlund rhe Eur.lpean cnurr, . And he wa" known a~ a gr.:ar patron of .tlchemt:,t~ , ,plrtt ua l rd<lrmcrs, and pncrs. In 1569 h..: had financed the tir~r cd tnun <If Paracd~u>'s ArcltiJuxa..: Pblu:sut)hiu, bouk X , annotated by his pcrSLinal phy:>Jct.:n J•1hn Greg<H)' Macm ,mJ rrathlat.-:d by the pul.'l laurcare of S il.:sia, Adam Sch r,Jctcr. 1"

Thc Engli,h .lllrh,lritie" ll'cr.: unabk r.1 c~rahli,h why La~ki 11 <1> vi,ir ing England, .1nd 111d..:eJ n<l certain .:xplanari.m ha, ever been l~lltncl. For all his 1:asr landh,llcling~, La,ki ll'<b imp<ll'l: rished and one thc,lry is rhar h.: hupcd fm hnanci<l l ~knchr tr•Jm Dcc .tnd Kdly\ alchemical experti>e. T he Engli~h 1\'Jtchcd hun cardul~y and pruviclcd him with a ~crl'ant, Wdliam Herlc , wh.1 had b..:cn a c ruc ial inl,nm.:r in the Rid11lti pl.1r. 1" AniJthcr spy called Henry Fagot (alleged

L

1'\ j, ,hn Bv,~Y w be J CLJ\'l.' r n.unc ,·,,r Gt<lrd.lllll Brun,J) lt.lt>cd 11 trll H.:rlc t. k"'' \\ ,d,ingham info rmed 11f L~>ki', ,tct ivitiesY Yt:~ <Hlllth.:r W;~btngham .t,:.:nt , rh.: Catholic puet Thunhl> Wat:,<ll1, applt..:d uthuc..:e:,~tully w Jtlach h un,ch 1,

La, kt's ent<lurag.::.l1 La,b visited De..: 11·irh in a l~mnighr ,,f hi" .trrii'Jl-.t 1·i,il rq,,>ncd <~n l'l

tle rle. La,li haJ .1 panicul.1r HHerc:,t in ht~ tiWn geneal•'t:\ , and tn h t> ch.uh.c> uf ;1Cquiring the dcctil't: crown <If Pu lJnd. Dcc .1nd Kdl\ c<~n:,ulrcd rh.: >l'lrlb un rh.-:se topics for hun and he pa rticipar.:d wirh them in their :>piritu<.~ l tt".llh•.-11•111~ in June. The \'Llung ,ptrit m.tiden M.tJuni inf,mne,lrh.::m rhar L1>k1 "·" rdared m the Lacey>, the Norman lord, ot the Wcbh mJrchc,Y L;~~kt .1l'" c.msultcd with Sir John Feme ab,Jut hb genea lug\, bur accmding rn thc ac..:, 1unr 111 Feme\ Th~ BL.tzun vf G~nrn~ (L,mJ on, 1586) n<lthing ~a ri~f~!Ct<HY re,ultd Lt,ki abu approachecl rh..: math.::m.Hicl.lll and m.lg ict.m ThLHn.t:> All..:n <.~bvut ..:nrering h i~ service in Pu lanJ. Alien dccltned rh.: Llli'er.H

On June 5, 1583, De.: rt:C<lrd..:d StllllC di~turbing n e\1>. "E. K. h.td b.:.:n .:1 .:1 ,inct: nine ot rht: cl.JCk in rh.-: n1t1rning m a marvdi.Ju~ great clt~cJUicrnc, "' mmd, fury, and rage by rea~on h i, brother Thum.1~ h.td brought h im ne11 ~ th .• t a cummi~ton \\'<1~ our rll arrach, Jnd Jppreh.:nd him <1> Ll /dun for .:ummo: u]

money. Secondly, that hb 11·ifc was g<me fnm1 l\li,rre~~ Fr..:..:man\ h,lU>e .11

Blocklcy, and how l\!r. 1-lu:,cy h<.~d reported him LOO<! a t'<I~Cn~r. and ~1.1cl u•cJ very bitter and gricl'llll> rep<lrb Llf him n<l\1' Llf l.n..:; and rh,H h t" Wile 11 a, .H

home with h..:r lli<Hhcr at C h ipptng N on1m."H Kdly's rcacti1m i. inrer..:>ttng. W ,Juldn'r f.:M h.tl' t: been the mu,t ltk.: l\

rc~punse to the 11<:11'~ ui an impcndtng arre~t t~1r C•linmg n1lmcy ? Perhap~ ,lt~(UI· ern..:ss of mind impli.:s l~ar. But Dee strc:,~e~ fury .md rage. b that the re.lctttH\ of a man caughr uut? Or of a m.m who ~usp..:cb that he h.ts been :,et up? Or I• it guilty bluster? lt is nor dear when the coining wa~ :,upp11~ed tu h.tve •li.:Currcd. Was it perhaps S•)me old ..:hargc rhar had been hdd uvcr him ? The runmg ur events is intere~rmg: it occurred two weeks after La,ki , .,, ired Dce. And th ... inc ident tr,df ha" srrang.: rcv..:rhe rariun:,. T en year:, later in Flu,hing, C hn, r<>· phcr Marlowe was simila rly invnlved in a coining charge th;tt wa:, no r all rh.11 it >eemed to he, rhat uverl.tppcd with the dupliciri..:" nf the secret >Cfi'JCe lll.Jr!J around Carhulic ac rivi>ts.;; Wa~ thb prc,~ure on Kdly t11 ger hun ro >PY <~n La~ki? C oin ing was a ~eriow, charge, the sorr ,l( thing th.tr n11ght mJkc a m.1n want (I) kave the country. Wa~ the int..:nti<m behind it (tl cnC<lUfage 1-:cll ~ I< cnmmit himsdf t•J La,ki and ,u get <JUt uf England ? S,J rhar Burghlcy ll'•luld have hi:. man in c..: ntral Eurupc? La~ki lud wnncctilli1S 1111t only with PuLmJ hut abu with the 1-lab,burg~ and rhc Holy Roman Empir..:. lt i, rhe riming th.tt enc,lurage> the :,pcculati•m. rhi, dramatic event ~~~ soon aitcr La,ki h.~,l m.tJ,. contact; the timing, and Kdly'~ rage , rage at .:nrmpmcnr rathcr rh.m .1 1u1 ot arrest.

No a rre"r l.'\'cr <:thuc,l. Were the ch.~rg.:" J nl(ll1ecl m exch;tngc h lr ,, .1... .• 1. W.b the ~tury not truc, ju~t a fabc rumur thar hi, hroth..:r Thuma" h.d h.: ... rJ. Or dicl Kdly im·cnr rh.: coining ch<~rge a~ a per:,ua~tl·e rc.l~<m f,u juming hm,~,l1 and Dee to La~ki , :,ee ing in La,k i a mnr.:: ,ub~r.mrial ftlflll of p.Hrllna;;.: th.ll, anything tlli'.-:ring in Engl.mJ tl"

-H t--IYST il ::\L t-- 11::'1 :\L Or u()Lll

ltt rh ..: nt.t rgtn D..:..: IIT<Ile <If the durg..:~ : ",t m.:re un truth in el'l' ry pan th.:re< >l, .Hh l " m.dtciuu, lie" (TFl~ . 6). It i:; n<ll d ..:.tr ll'hen he .tJJeJ thar Cllmmenr, 11~1r <111 what gr<JU11lls he m.tJ t: it, whether th<tt b Kelly', reburr.d, <Jr b,t, ed " n lt1!lll'lltat i<m Dee 11.1> .tble t<l uhrain thr,Jugh ofhcial channeb, or ju:;r a per~,111a l C<Hw icti< Hl. But rhi, epi>uele, ll'hich appear~ in the l.lpening page~ of t<. leric Ct,auhun'~ 1659 publicariun <lf rh..: spiritual transact inn~, i:; unJ ,Jubre,lly d~e b.t>l> f, tr the >tth~equenr frequendy repeateel cla im, that Kcl ly was convic teJ lll C<Ji n ing, anJ ~utf..: re,l .:.tr-crupring as .1 punishmenr. A~ tar a~ the r.:cnrd:; go, h<tll'e\·er, there i~ 11<1 e1·kknce rhar rhen: w;t:; any ~uhstance ro the charge, ur thar .my mal ur punt, hme nr en>U<!d. It i> mn~t un!.kdy that Dee ll'llllkl nut have n.;.;,,rdc:J ;t rria l, cut1\'ic ti<ll1 , <H-punblun..:nr in either the >p irirual uan><Ktioth or hb pril'<lle Ji<.~ry , if , u.:h haJ taken pl..tce.

O n June 15, 1583 , La,ki, Wgt:ther ll'ith LH·el Ru,,d l anJ Str Phi!.p Stllney, calk,! in <ll1 Dee on h i:; return fmm his .:crcmunial vi, ir ro O xtix J , ll'ht:re he haJ heen Ltl'l>hly enrenaineJ ar,J heard Brun<> debate.' ; F,1ur day> b rer, on June _19 "t he Lure! A lhen La, ki came t<J me anJ lay a t my hou~e .~ ll night" (I'D, 20; Fc:nt<ll1, 9 3). :\ nd n.nv Dee <ll1cl 1-.:dly Cllll1tnirred rhem,dl'l!> ru La,ki', >etYh.:e. Un Sc:pr.:mher 21, 15t>3, Dee and hts wift:, family anJ >en·anrs, and Ke lly a~1cl ht> ll'ife lefr with Lt,ki l·r,Hn lJ ra,·esend fnr Eumpe. Th..: d.:parture "at J eaJ <lt ntghr" m.ty h ,11·..: b..:..:n moti i'<HeJ by a ck sire fnr ~ec recy. At one pllint thc:y nearly dnnn1t!d when lll1e nf rhe clmghie> wa, swamped "bur in rhe mean-ll'hik E. 1-.: . ll'i th a great g•wmk r empti..:d mosr ,J( rhe war.:r lJUt <lf the boar, ebe it lllll>f ne·ed, ha1·e >Link , by a ll man', n.!U>ell1-" ; >

N<l pri1·are d iary enrri..:~ ,Jt" L;ee'~ are knllwn ru ~url' i vc 1:1r rh.: ne~ r rln.:e ye;~r, , lr<Hll rhe rime nt thei r le:ll'lng England until their arrival in T reh.m in Sepu.:mher 15t>o, bur rh..: >ptriru.tl l ransact i<H1> continued unabareJ , anJ in their reC< H'<b ><ltnc: u( rhe e1·enrs ,,f t:\'eryJ ay life ar..: nured.

The) ' p.:nr four munrhs rra1·..:ll ing. Landing at Brill d1..:y ll'elH by a >mall .._.,,t,tal l'e>sd t< ~ 1-l.1arlem anll A nl>rerJam. Then they pn1ceeJed al< H1" rhe tlllrthern eclge ut Eur,Jpl!, ne1·..:r far t't'<Jm the c,,a~r . by sm.tll boars anJ by ~Jach ancl C<lrt. Fmm DLlkkum they went t<l Anjum, EmJen, O ldenhurg, Bremen, H.t rhurg, Hamburg, Ll.iheck, Wi, mar, R,>,[llck, and S:c:.:cin, where rhey arrin:d <Ill C hrisuna> lllllrnmg and >tayed f,,r th ree 1\'eeb.

~he >pirirual J ial,Jgue~ conr inueJ Juring their rra,·eb. In Li.ibeck, N<JI em-b.:r I ) , Dee re.:e il·ed a spirit mc:s;age via Kdly: "Y,tur brorh.:r I> cLtppeJ in prt>< \11 , h,m· d,, you like that? Ynur hnu, .;keepcr, I me.m." Dee', hr<lther-in-law N ich,>Lts Frunh m,l I \'a> l,lok ing afr.·r rhe hou~e ar t-. lorrlJke. "They say rhar yuu ha\'1! htJ den l'an,lu~ secret thing~ . A~ f<Jr yuur bnuks, you may g<~ lnok them ar letMtre. l r m.ty he rhar )'Llur h<JU>e may he burneJ iur a remembrance." Ei.,hr ~~~1111 hs la ter !n Pr;tgut:, Augu~r 27, 15tH, Dee recei1·ed letter, r.:ll ing "h<J\\' t 1r G tlherr, t-- lr _::,led, Mr Andr<:<t> Fre!ll<J_n, hc:im my b,x>b eller, ll>cd me l'e ry il l" anel r.:~tJ..:d h t> ltbrary. b n ltkdy that it rh..: mill had taken place by N,wember nn nne 1\'<Htkl have wnne1_1 f<J D.:e he(H·e rhe tdluwing Augu~r? Is Kd ly', >pirirual mturman,m lll<l>t S<Hi~t.t..: t<>ri l y 1aken as .1 pr.:visi,m ? That rho: ~pirir in qu..:~riun se..:ms n,Jt tll ha1·e been a Jivine one, >o Dec >U>pcct.:d ar rhe rime, is nur n..:ce» Mi ly <1 pmhlem; e1·il spirits .:nukl readtly impart rrue int<Jnna rion; rhe

,

1, r, ,hkm ll'<l:i 1ha t rhey h.lh tr u.:~ ll y inrennmgleJ tr 11 ith J i>ml<>nn.tLh•n . . -\ t .. ·Lt.~: l'll» lh tliry IS rhar Kd ly h,d prillr kn<lldeJgt: rh.tr . I rate! \1.1> g<H ng tll t.lkl' rlt.e' .-\lreaJ y b.1ck in Jul)' !583 he had Jd tl'ereel rh.: >ptnru<tl w.~tn ing tu Dee tl •.• t ht> home wuuld b.: searcheJ. DtJ he hal'e llthe r ~uu rce> <>I int .mn.tlllln ~ l) r J d he neeJ anything ,nh..:r rh,m a realt, lt.: p.tr.mot.t? Ccrr;unly, .tr ,nme P< 11 n1, '•r P<H nr:;, rh.: t-. lnrrlake h<~u>e 1\'J~ ra ideJ anJ ><lme h1·.: hunJ reJ l'l<xJb p[u, Ltb .. r.t l<lry equipment >tolen ur J .un.lgeJ. D..:.: marked rh..: >t<>len b<>ob ll1 .1 cupy •ll lu-lthr,u-y caralngu.:, and Je, cnheJ the l<l>>c> in J .: t,tiltn hi> Cump.:1d ww. ~.:h.:.tl>c<l

T hey arri l'eJ in La>k<J ,m February 3, 1584 (TFR , 62) ,mel the tuli<J\\ 111 _ llllH1Lh >l!t ded in Kr:~k,'nv. The >pim u.ll dt.tlllgues cunrmueJ 111 Pul.mJ. T h ... ) 11 ere deeply im·ulv.:J in a,..:mhling a c<~mpreht:n>t\ o: rahle by whKh l•> >Ulllllh •I' up angeb. The c<JJe wurlb \\'ere dicLJ tl'J hy >pirir tn rel'..:r,e, anJ ~he wh. •k prucc:ss wa> extremely C<lmplex ,l ncl rime-C<lll>Ullllng. lr I> llllt knu11 n t1 thl'\ 11 "'' als,l engag..:d in akhemical experimc:nb. Kdly ab,, ( lHHII1ucJ , <I> in Engl.m,l, 1< practice magic un hi, uwn , anJ rhe >ptrib ut'ten r..:huke hun ,·,~r rhi> 111 the >CS>illi1S with De.:. Kd ly 11'<1> al ,, cun, ulred by La, kt >Cp.tr;lld) trom Dec. I k 1\'<l> tll recci\'e $400 a ye<lf fmm La,ki, bur La,ki , knllll'n in r lll.md .h ,I hllthllll k,, bucket, wJs ,horr <lt' t'unJ~ and hy 1584 wa, hankrupr. De.: an,l Kd ly ll'erc: then J itt:.: reJ by , pirir tl> "g<l t<J rhe Emper,Jr," RuJ,Jlt 11 , rhe 1-l<lly R<llll<lll Emp ... t-.11'.

T h.:y arri1·e,l in Prague llll A ugu>t 9, 1584, anJ f,JunJ ,t ..:(<Hlllll<~<.l .Hil ln Ill

the hou>e of Dr T aeld> H.ijek, rcpuredly rhe >eni<Jr ak hemical aelv t>L' I' t<J th .. Emperor Ruckllf.~" Hi> h<lLISe w.1~ u,eJ inr akhemi..:.t l 11urk .mJ the >tUJ\ 11 .» adnrned with ak hemical h ier•>glyphs anJ ,·er,e,_ ltb trucleJ by >pt rir, Dee 11 r,•tc· w Ruelolf seeking an auJtence. O n Sunday, Sepremher 2, 1he ll.ty het<•r..: De:.: till I RuJ,Jlf, Kdly gllt spknJtJly J runk. Dee rcc,JrJecl che <h.:C:a,Hln 111 the ~ptm u .• l rran,acriuns (T FU , 229- 30):

There ll'a> a grc:.n cl t>qu t<! tnl!» tn E. 1-.: . h..:mg .: <~me h,Hne 11<>111 .. ut l~o.,t -h,lu>e whl·re h.: h:tJ lain .Il l n tglu up.1n a i,11·m, by rc:.~>un he h.l.l 1· ... .~, ,uJd..:nly uv.:rcume wirh 1\'ine, which he nel'.:r 11'<1> ltke that her.1r-- , [,,. :,aiJ . Yet intenJ ing ll'ith h in1>clt ro r.tk.: heed <lt hcing O\ <.'l'~h,,r 111 J n, .k-ing wine, being reque~red by the h< l~tl!>> t<l gi'..: he r .1 ~1uan ut' win.: lll '' '" rhe g<llhl harg;lln he haJ in a d e1.::k he l'l<IUgln t'r,Hn her fM ll\ e Ju~ .•t•

In rhi, drinking company 1\'<l> A lex,mJer, L,H·J L t,ki', >cn·.tnt , ,,j,, c:unc with U> rn Pr.1gue, t<> ll'hlllll E. K., ll'hen rhe J nnk <111 the -uJJ-:1. haJ lii'CrC<llll<.: h im, ,aiJ he woulJ .:ur ut't' h i, he,,J, .mJ wtrh h~> ,,,tlktll_ ,raff ruucheJ him fai r and ><ltrly nn rhe neck, >itting in ll'<liH ••t' lllm

Thi, Alexan,lcr being halt llrunk h un,d f by ;mJ h) ttl<lk the:-.: 1\ , ,lcl· in gre.tt ,nuff a nJ went t<> , leienJ h uu,dl anel ><l tllllk hi, IIC.tl'"n t,l Lt•l• <lllJ rhe reupLm they c.tu>ecl Alexander ru g<l J ,n,·n.

lr wa> >Upper time anJ that nighr l rc: t'rali1L'll fr<Hll e.ntnc: . . 1nJ '• wai ting at my l,~clging anJ l<l<lklllg our >.Ill' Alex.mJer >lllllll,! o~n the greac stunt: uut>ide uur lnllgmg. I callecl tl1 h un anJ c,>ld hun rlu r the·\ 11·ere ar ~upper . H..: .:ame .wer t<J me anJ h..: h. Ill 1wpr much. He c .. tll-plaineJ ,,f Kdly', i,Jrmer 11·nrJ , anJ rhe w uch <ll rhe >l.tii, 1-.. 1\\ n 11 _,,

-to 1-.lY::lTl t~.-\ L 1-. lET:\L Uf GULD

ag.tinsr hi, cr.:clir l<> wk.: th,l t in guu,l parr, and opuk.: 111.my s,1 kli.:r>' tenlb ut" ,ruur wurcb, 11<)[ worthy nf r<.::C< 1rcling.

I rhereup,H1 ll'l::nr tu <lllr h<Jst's huuoe to find out the truth anJ there I (,1unJ E. K. fast asl..::cp <H1 a i<lrm, most soundly, t(n· wh1ch I ll'<b right ><>IT)'. An,l yet better pl.:ased to perceive the word, of E. K. which sn m,n·e,l Alexan,l..:: r, being halt drunk, to have been spoken by E. K. when wine and nllr wit b,>re rule. AnJ oo 1 pleacleJ a lnng time wirh Al..::xander rh.H uf 1n1rds sp.1k.;n so as tht:y wt:re, no SLKh exact account wa, to be given tll him; ancl afr.::r tll'<l huurs persuasion caused Alexander to gu to heel in llur 1,1,lging where he useJ tu lie, fnr h..:: would ha1·e gune <lU t to <1Ur furmer inn in th<lse raging halt drunken p<mgs h.:: wa, in, which l thllugh t \\' ;IS n<l( g<lUJ. ,

This M,mJay morning E. !(_ C<~ming hllme and s.::eing AlexanJ~.:r "" he came in, ,a i,l , "Th.:y s<ty I spnke words which grecHly uftencled yuu b , t night, and that I tuuch.:J you with my smff, ere. l knnw nothing of it," ancl shuuk hancls with AlexanJer in frien,Ily fa,hiun.

"Wdl." said Alexander, "si fuisser aliu>, etc." E. K. came up tn me. I t<lkl him !11 Ill' snrry I was fur rh1, mischJnce

;m,l ruld him ,I( the warchnun perceiving Alex:mder\ Ji,quier mind and he<tring his wmds, they came tu me and c haq;.::d me ro h<tve a care ,l( rh.: peace-ke.::ping, as they di,J indeed. And further :,aid that Al..::xander in hi s rage said that rather, m before he sh<Juld cur off his head that he ,,.,lukl c ut E. I(_ in pieces.

As SU<ll1 "" I hacl expr~.:,,,;:,j rlur W<>rd uf thi, clrunken Akxander, wlhllll tlllll' I >all' quiet .md E. K. alsn quiet, suddenly E. K. fdl int<l such a mge that h~.: wuulJ l' e r.::vcngcd un h im to r so saying and fur rJiling nn him in the street a, he ,Jicl, ere.

Much aclt l l , Emeric and his br11Lher h..~,J t<> >tnp 11r huld him frum g,1ing to Alexancl<.:r wi th his weapun, etc. At length 1vc let him go in his J,lublet ancl hose, wirh,lut a cap m hat on hi, heacl, and into the str<.:et he hasred with his brnther's n1pier drawn and challenged AlcxJnder to tight.

But Akx~mcler 1n:nt lr,lm him and >a iJ, "I will n<l[, 1\Lbt..:r !-:ell), I 11 ill n,1r."

At thb E. J..:. r,lllk up a >t<lne and threw it after him ;ts after a d11g, :md su came inw the huu:;e again in a 11hlSt furious rage that he might nut llght with Alex;m,ler. The rage an,! fury was S<l great in W<lfcls and gesrures a, might plainly pnll'e th<lt the wickecl enemy sought either E. K. 's uwn destmying of h imself, Llr ,)f me, nr his brother, etc.

This m,1y suffice lll nutify the mighty temptation and vehement 1\'llrking uf the suhrle >piritua l e nemy Satan wherewith GoJ , uff.::red E. K. ru be temptcd and almusr <Wercume, to my great grief, discumfi.1n and 11111~t grcar disc r~.:dir, if it shuulcl, as the truth was, ha1·e C<Hne to the Emperor's understandi ng, except h~.: ha,l kn,1wn me we ll , ere.

I was in gr~.:at d11Uht h,1w G,>d wuukl take this offence and cl..::l·i, ed with myself huw I migh t wirh hunesty be cleared fmm the ,hame and

I

lan .. er dnt mi.,ht ari,e if rhe,e l 11 n ~h,lu ld tigh t, cL..: . .-\.l the L .·t ll

:muld cro:s all : ocd hupe he re ll'lth the Emp<.:rLlr , etc. fcJr a time till L),J

rcdres~ed ir. After I had brllught E. K. lLl ,ome c[Uietne», by yiekhng mu~h [,

h i> humour etc. and saying litrle, mlt long ..1fter came my meoo<.:nger rr .. ul my wife at Krak0w, anJ H ugh my ~erv~nr w1t!1 him, w my great Clllllt<>~t rh rough h er letter>, and the iu ll :.atislying ot me by l-lugh n:y >cfl ant~ knowledge further than conven ienrly Clluld be written. C omtorr 1n w ne of need.

Dec met with RuJulf <lll September 3 (TFR, 230). Sh,mly ,ltt<.:rll',lrcl,, t<~ ll,mm,.~ ,pinrual instructilllb, he 1\'1\lte w Ru,lu li that h~ coulJ_ nuke the phd,b,lpher , stt1ne (TFR , 243, 246). There: !s 11ll recurd <lt any tunher ~leermg. RuJ,lll delegated hi:. advi:.er, Dr. Jakob Kur:, to cleal 1\'lthDee. When Kurz VISited Dec. September 26, "1\!r l(elly had gtltten h im intL> ht, dumber, nut wdltng t<l ~'e ~een" (TFR , 247). Dee abu came tcl know the Spanish amb,b,,ld,Jr, Dun Gudlcn de San C lemente, a Jescendanr of Ram,in Lull, a> he w lJ Dee. The spir i tL~,d transactions cominueJ unabareJ . Rec,Jrd, nt' Dee and Kelly':. u rher ~ICt il' i t ie~ hlr rh is perilld are slight , bur, R. J. W. E van, stres,es, ''[t woukl be_ tabe .. ~l int~r from this tha t they necessanly remamed out ut touch wnh the LllU rt . TilL) returned ru Krak6w in October and then in Decembc r Glme back lll Prague where Oee left Hajek ', mllm> ancllea,ed J house in Salt Street nnt iar lr,Jm the marker place in Old Praguc (TFR, 354 ). In April 1585 they rerurne~ t<~ Krak.'>1~· April 22, Ea~rer lvhmduy, Dee rewrd~ that "very Je,·oU[ly m ::ir ::,rephen , church, E. K. received the C<Hllmuni,ln, tn my un,peakable glaJn.::>~ anJ C<HHcnt , be ing a thing Sll long and earn~~rly required and urge~! of hi_m hy our ~pinru.d good friends." Laski arranged !ur Dee tu meet the Kmg ul Puland, ,::,rq,hen Bathury, and Dee and Kdly held a seance with S reph.::n on M ay 27 (TfR , 40-t) . But no patronage seems tcl have resulrecl ir.Jm the encnumer. Around rhi~ rim.: they mer rhe the,ll,Jgical c.mrruver~ialtst Fra nce,cn Pucci, whu had . l<lll•lll eJ Sucinus w Krak611', anJ now became a member lli De.:', hnu,ehold. ' 1 In Ju ly t hey returned to Prague. .

Dee and Kelly's spir it raising actil' itk > haJ oune tll the att~.:nri,m <ll th e· Catholic church , and on th..:ir r..:turn tn Prague they were ,ununllned w exrlJm rhemseh-es. They delayed re>punJing as long as they CL1uld , bur finally un ~ Lrch 27, 1586, they had an audience with the papal nuncio, Germanico 1\!aLt,pinJ, bishop o i San Severo. Dee h andleJ the interv iew tac tfully, bu t then Kelly >U<,!· gesred th<~t one <)i the pwblems wi th the Carh c1lic church was the P<lllr CllnJu.:L of many of rhe prie,rs. The nuncio wa> t1Llt amused. Dee wa, tniJ hy "t he· secretary of a certain great k ing," who had been tuld by rhe n unciu hin ~>elt. that Kell y's speech had S<l enragecl the nunciu that he 11:as tempreJ tu_ h,n·e h,,J him rhmwn out of the ,,·inJLlW. There was >Om.::thmg o t a trad it ion o t J,,l',l,ll1d of people by defenestrati,H1 in Prague. The church authurities had he.1rJ " I the volumes uf >piritual recurds, and later endeavoreJ to get Kdly tn pmJu-:e rhe 111, wirhhokling confes:.inn ft'<1111 h im when he rduseJ. On April 10 Dee ..1 nJ Kd h n:ceived a spiritual insrruc ti,m tLl burn their entire records, and De..: rec.,rJ , d"

l\lYSTIC.-\ L t-. !H:\L 1...!F Gl1L()

<H.:ca~ldn <lf the hurn ing, ,l,111e 111 lhl' prl.'oo.:nco.: ,,1 Pucci, 111 mo.:ncuk1uo . .111Ll kngthy , k·raiiY lJn .-\pnl lO tho.: ro.:C<lr-lo wo.:ro.: miraculuu, ly ro.:,l<lro.:Ll, .m ept>uJ e rec,,t ,lecl in , imd.1r , b ail (TFR, 11 t:i- 19 ).

tvbunl'hile l\.:o.: ;m,l Kdly fuuncl .1 ne\\" p.m .m anclpr<l[O.:L[<Ir, Vil0m R.l:mb-o.:rk, llr W illi.un, Lurd R,l,o.:nl•erg, ru gi\'\: rho.: Gcrmantc t~mn oi hi, namo.: rhar De..: go.:no.:ra!lr UM.:~l (TFU , 1 20). Rn:mbo.:rk, hurn ll fty-.me y..:ar, o.:.Jrlio.:r in 15 35, \\"<h ho.:.J,l ot ·~ne 111 rho.: muor p•m·..:•t.ul Buho.:mian familieo. He wa, among Rud,llt's cl<l>I.'M a"UCiaH!>, ancl haLl carrio.:J rhe cnJwn at Ru,(,llt\ Cllrunati<>n in 1575. ll o.: \\' ;~> rho.: >eniur Boh..:mi.m uflic ial, rho.: burgra\·c, rhc: righr hancl man uf rho.: m.march in B,lhemi:m affair,. Ro:mho.:rk wao sc.::un,( ,mly w Rucl,llt" ,., a pat run ,1! .dch..:miob, o.:mpl<Jying ado.:l'b both at his n.:, iJcnco.:, which a,lj,>ineJ RuJult's 1111 the: Hracbchin in Praguo.:, and in h b ..:xro.:n>i\"1.! O.:>Wto.:, in ><lllthern Buhc:mia c~nrero.:Ll lll1 c~,ky i(rumluv. He particlpar..:d in a number llt >pirirual o 0.:S, i l ll1~ \~·uh Do.:e ;mLI Kdly, Cllnoulrmg lll1, am11ng mho.:r maHo.:r>, hio aopirariut1> rn rhe 1,1l1oh rlH• ll1 1.! ;m,l lllo pbn, t•l nhiiT)" again. Hb brorher, Po.:rer Vuk Rn:mh..:rk .1 l, u h.1J <llcho.: mic;ll inro.:ro;:,r, .'' .. Bui the Catlhlllc \lppu, iri< H1 [<l Do.:c: <111Ll Kd ly c•munued. Th..: 11<..:\\" nunc1u,

hhpp<l ~ega, Bt, hop 11! Piacen:a, ro.:pllrt<.:-l <m :\pnl 29 thar Do.:...: ,mJ Kelly were imp,lrranr and dang...:rou, ;klvl'f~,lrieo: "GiclVanni Dii et il Zuppo ;u,l C<>mp.lgno ><111u 111 quc, ra C<lrre hu,m p...::u f.1 , o.:r \"<111111> a caminu di far,i auturi J 'una nul)va , up...:rsti riuno.:, po.:r n,1n dire ho.: 1...:sia , ><111<1 nuri all'impo.:rarure er a rurr.1 la Cllrtc." ("j,lhn Dl.'c ;mJ his <:uinpaniun the lam..: one were ar rhis C<Hirt a g"\JJ while .1go, <111LI are on rh<!. way h> being rho.: aurhurs uf a no.:w supo.:r,r ition , nor w say hc:ro;:,y, ;md .~re kn<l\1'11 111 the Empo.:r,lr ancl <Ill ut rh~: C•>Urt.")'~

Thi, i, rh~ ,mly rct...:rcnce [ll Kdly', being Lime, alrhough on t-.!ay 2 3, 1587, :1 >PII"H ,;ly, " ((dly, I kn,•w it '' tmuhl..:,ume fur thee m kn..:d. Sir."'; Whether 1£ \\\ 1.' a perm.mc:nr 11r ro.: mp,lrary CllnJiriun , ur wherher Sega 1\".1> \\'ri ling mo.: t.1-ph<li"1Cally <111cl C<li1Lemptuou, ly, is undc:ar. . }..tar 29. 1 586, , uccumbing tu cumbin..:-1 pr..:,,ure from rho.: pap.d nund,1,

~...:~:~· 111, preclo.:c..:ss, Jr }.. ! ,d,1,p~na, .mJ the: High Sreward ut Boho.:mi.1, Gcnrgc (Ju1) p,1pd Lubkm·1c, Ru,\,111 cxpdlo.:J Dec, Ko.:lly, anJ rhc1r h,>ll><.:huiJ, !rum the empire "n rho.: grnunds uf n..:c rnman.:y.'" They srayc:J lirsr in E1fun, bur since the: ,..;nar,Jr, r...:fuso.:d ro l_cr rh...: m l...:d,C a huu>e then;:, rhcy muvecl on w Ka, d, ll"h...: ro.: rho.: L.mJ_grave 111 Hc,:,c-Ka,d haLl his cuurr.1i Pucci auo.:mprcJ w pcr-oua,le. Lhl!m Ill l<l llu\~' rh..: nunc iu's re,tuo.:sr rhar they , houlJ go ro R11mc r,\ be ~ lliC>thmc~l_ .. They rduse~ , >uspo.:cring a_ trap from which they mighr nut escape .mJ, >L1, p1Lillus <lt Pucc1 ~ m le, hL'ncd unh began tu Jiotanc..: them,dves fmm htm. O n A. ugu, r 8 R~·,,Iult rd o.:n1 o.:d, ancl alluwcJ rh..:m tu return tu the Buhemian l'St;Ho.:> and ruwns ul C,lutH Vil ..!m R,1:mberk. Do.:e and Kdly arrivo.:LI at T rdxm (a ls,1 kn<l\l'n '" W irringau) 111 "luthcrn Buho.:mia un So.:prc:mb..:r 14 1586 (PD 21; Fo.:nt<ltl, 203; TFH , Hi). , ' . They , ..;Lrlcd there fur thL' ncxr twu y..:.u·,, rh.1ugh De...:', diary ro.:c1lrJ, that

Kcl ly made ;I number ,11 rrips Ill P,Jbnd, tu Lin:, w Reichcnotein in S ilo.:sia ( whl.'re R,1_:mherk had l.lhdrarurio.:> in d1e Ct>rlo.:), £<1 BuJweb (Co.:sk~ BuJej 1w ict: t<> g11"C 11 trs C:cch n;unc. 2-f kil,>mo.:rre> wcsr uf Treb,m) anJ [ll Prague. They

1 '/

,,,_c: i\ o.:,l .1 number uf \·i,ltur, in Trt:hun, 1nduding L.1, ki un .1 numh.:r <>I .......... . >llll1>, Pucci, C hrbrian Fmnd.cn, ;md variuu, emb,aric' trll111 Engl.mJ. ':

O n December 19, 1586, Dco.:'s Jiary r..:c,lrds Kdly g1ving a clcnllHbll".•ll·•ll ,,r guld proLluc ri<m. lr is rho.: hr>r accnunr oi hi, engaging in an .d.:h...:nu ..... l tr.Jibmuration. "F,lr rhc: grauricari,m lli !vir EdwMcl G.ulanJ and Fr;m..:~>, l, ~o brurher, which EJward wa, >enr w me a, m..:s, cnger In H11 rhc Empo.:mr ,lt" t-- lu,..:u\' dur I sh<luiJ Cll1111.' m him, E. K. maJe prujecri,m w1 rh hb pl)wJcr 111 th.: pr<>p,lni,m of one minun (up<m an ounce anJ a qu<m o.:r of mc:rcur)) anJ prllclu~..eJ no.:.1rly an uuncc: uf bcsr g•>IJ; which golJ was afrerw<~rJ, J brnbuti.'J tr,Hn the cruc ible anJ une pan wa' given t<l EdwarLI Garland.";y

In larer year, D..:e', son Arrhur ,1fro.:n £LliJ po.:<lpl.: abnur the ,1khL·m~c . .l tr.m,mutarions he haJ ob,crvcJ ar rh1o rime: . O ne <lt rhe pe<>pl...: he !L>IJ \\.~ ::>1r Th,lmas Bruwne, his nc:ighb,lr in Norwi..:h, and in 1671 Br,l\l'nc >ClH an ,IC<.:<lunt ut Arrhur's rcclllle..:[luth t11 Aohmnle:

Or .-\rrhur De.: \\ 'd> .1 Y<lllllg m.111 when h..: >01 \\ til~> pr<•J<:Cll<'ll m.dL 111

&lhemia, hut he: w.l, ,u mllu.:nco.:J rho.:rcwirh rh.1t he tdl c,1rl) up<ll1 rh.•t oruJ y anJ ro.:aJ nnr much all hi, li t..: bur buob uf th.1r ,ubjo.:Cr.

I have hearJ the J ,>Ctllr ,,1y rhar he lh·l'cl in Blli1cm1.1 w11h l11' farho.:r b,1rh ar Prague <111J urhcr parrs of &lhemia. That Pnn..:...: <lr Cuum Ro:mherk W<b tho.:ir grear patr1111 whu J o.:bghto.:J much in alchemy. I h..11"e often heard hun athrrn anJ ><llnl!fime' wirh llarh, rh,n he h .d ,._.en rho.: projc:criun maJ.: an,! rransrnm.Jri,m uf pl!\1 rer J1,hc, .md tlag,ltb mrll silve r whic:h rhe gokbmiths ar Prague buught ,>f them. AnJ that Cuunr Ru:mhc:rk played ar qu,Jirs wnh silver quuib m.tde by pr<1jec£illn "' be-fi.lre: that rh1, rmn>rnuwt iun wao maJc: by a .mall pllWcil'r rhey h.1J whh:h was founJ in ,ume nlJ pl.Kc anJ a b<>uk lying by ir cunr.1ining ncHhin,; bur h knlglyphic, whiCh bollk hb father be>l<lwed much time up.m, hur I cuulJ nor h..:ar rhar he C<lukl m..1ke it <lLIL<>J

In Apri l, 1587, Kdly <111t11HIIlCCd rha r he \1 ,1, LIIHI"i llmg ru ,..: ry any (, 111go.: r. D...:c J£tcmpreJ £<> £rdin hi. >el'...:n-y.::ar-ulJ ,nn, Arrhur, <b a rncJium, bur Arrhur >.111 lirrle uf signihcanc.::. Kdly Joined rho.: m in une uf rhe>l! anempb, April 17. and ,aid,

l marvd if y,JuluJ n11 <1ppantllln hl're, f,lr I ><lll11.'\\'l1.1t rhmking 111 .-\nhu1 anJ his pro.:ceJing in the fear nf ,crymg, came here inro the gallo.: r), anJ I hcarJ yl)u pray. AnJ opening the winJnw I lnnko.:d <>LI£ .mJ I ,,Ill .1 great numbo.:r glling in anJ our uf rhb ch.1pd ,1[ the lmlo.: hul..: 111 rho.: glas, winJ,nv. I ,aw MaJini , ll and many 11thcrs rhar hacl ,b ilr wnh u, hc:r.::wti.ue, bur rhey , huweJ rhcm,d ve, in very t1lrhy llrder. AnJ Und appeared and justilicJ all w be oi G,1,!, and gl><hl. AnJ rherd<\re I w,mJcr if here you have no ;h,Jw. P.::rhaps there is ,omerhing, bur Arrhur J,l<.:> 11L1£ , cc it (TFR, 2nJ p.1gmari11n, 8).

l(dly rhcn r...:co.:i\·..:,1 .1 . piriru.1l mc,;lge that he anJ De..: were t<> h,1IJ rh...:1r 11 1\ "' in C<>mtnun (TFR , 2ncl p.1ginarh1n, 11- 12). Thl' Wll'e> were uncnrhu>i.t>l k , ,11,J

50 t-. 1\ STlC.-\L 1-. lET.-\L L)F COLD

Kd ly m;~< l.: ,1 lllllllh.: r nf fu nh.:r Clllbuh ,Hilllb wi th :.pirit:. . .A:.hllllll <.: 11 rite:. thJ t rh.: ang..:b w..:re :.ll '\la:.w:.reJ " with Kdly':. '"VIcil)liS cnur:...: of life" that rh.:y " w,lltkl Ji:.ch.~rg..: hun fru m that unpluymc.>nt"-rha r i:., :.crying-bur this intt: r-pr..:tJtlon j, nm ho rn.: <lUt by rhe spi ritual r..:.::.lrcls. Kdly had tr..:q uenrly J e:.ired t<l ..:ea:..: :.crying, anJ hc~J Ill)\\' mK e uga in pmpus.:J to enJ rhb a.:: ri viry. A shmul.: a ls<l wrure that '"Kdly p..:rc..:ivmg rh•H h ..: shuuiJ b.: whu lly :...:r a:.ick a nd becmne usd..::.s in ma tt..:r u t scrying, he in:.inuates himsdf imu their .::ompuny one Jay whik th..:y w..:re at ..:xerc ise, and Anhur waiting fur a vision , Kdly pretended to :.e<.: :.<Hil<.:thing, <lf wh ich he rhere gives an a..:counr: anJ by this cunning amtic..:, that cldu:.ive and impur..: docrrint: tLlUk ph!c..:, frum wh..:nc.: Dr Dee and Kdly w..:ro.: inJuco.:J t<l mix with each u rhers' wiv6 ."01 Bur the edd.:nce of rhe spiritual re..:<lrd:. i:. that Dee was c·ager f~1r Kdly ro h.:lp in t ra ining Anhur, whu W<b 11<\t prnving a >ucc..:,sful s..:l:r , anJ onl y ruu ready ro havl! Kc lly resumt' :.cry m g.

Th.: ··cr<l:.s-marching" :.e.:n1> t< l hd\"t: rak<.:n plciC <:: nn May 22 , 1587, bur was 11<1r rc::pc:.llecl."! .The td lowing d;,y rh.: la, r knuwn :.piritual con:.ultutillns D<!l! and Kdly hdd tng<!ther a rl! recorJc:d. Y l!ar:. br..:r, b<~ck in EngbnJ, Dee was w <!:>.p..:rim.:nt wi th othe r :.cryc r, . Bur this i, thl! last knll\vn con:.ulrariun through the 11\l!cllllm nf Kdly.

Fifty- rhrc:..: y..:ar:. L1r..:r .Arrhur D.:..: ga,·..: one ,1i the c ry:.t,l l> h is tarh<!r anJ 1\:dly ha,l u,.:J tu the: ap~.lth<!cary Nic hnlds C ulpep..:r ''.•:. n reward fm having curo.:J a li\·.:r c0mplainr uf his wit h rh<! g rear.:sr rapidity, A.D . 1640 ." A ccording ru C ulp<! p<.: r thi, was rh.: c rystal rhar had b..:en given tll De.: by a n a ngd in 1582, which D.:.: g.1ve to Kdly, whu gave it tll L<1rJ Ru:mberk bur then retrieved it.

C ulpt:p<.: r rt:CllrJ:., "I have uso.:J this crysral in many ways and ha,·.: thus .::ur<.:d illn..:s>t::., bur with irs u:.e a ,·ery gr<!at weaknes, always :.et> in and lethargy <lt th<.: bl1J y. And furth<!r a Certain d.:moni~1cal appariri,1n which ex.:rcbeJ irselt tu k wJne:.:. anJ llther J<!pravity with wnmen and girb , U>ed to tempt me, bur by making rh.: sign of the c ros, anJ >p<!aking rhese words, "Pah Adonai, by thy >tr..:ngrh am I funitied. Phlmh! Phurrh! H a ricnr! Gambalun!" the apparition us.:cl tll tly ><llln l\r in:.ranrly, with no ise and evil :.mdl. Fo r the,..: obsceni ties I h~we gi,·en up the use ni rh..: cry~ral, and ro witness th..:s.: thing:. I h av.: written the m <111 rh b >h.:et o n rh..: 7rh day o t March in the year 1651."

W illinm Lilly bo ught th<! crysral trom Culp.:per's widow and tri.:J his llWn e xp..:rim.:nr:. <111 it with Elia:. .Ashmul<!. They conjur<!d up ''a fl!IIJ.IIl! devil lewd and llllllb t n l u :.," h <! rec,1rds, Februury 10 , 1658. Th.: crysta l b llll\\' in the Well-co m.: Cl)lb .: tll)J) in th e Science 1-.lus<!um, Suuth Ken:. ingron."J

Th.: .:xd 1Jnge ut partn<'rs resulted in t<!nsiuns between the twu huu:..:hllld,, al lu,lo.:cl tu in De<!'s Jiary . .And then lln February 28 , 1588, nine months after rh.: cro,-matching, ]Jn.: D<!e ga,·c birth m a buy, who was bapri:eJ th<! fu lluwing J ay , <lnd nam..:J Th.:ld <>niS Tr..:bunianus D.:c:. Theodm u, Trdl,m tanus, the gift of Gl1J a t Trc bon (PO , 26; Fentun, 233). W as th b D.:c:'s chdJ or Kdly's? DiJ anynne t:: \·..: r kn,)\\' fm sure? The questinn is ne \·er rabed in the d iary let ;~lune answer.:d . C,>uld Kdly hav.: c h ildren anyway? In the spiritual rransactiuns of April 4, 1587, Kdly was told ut his m<Jrriag<!, "b<~rrcnn..:s, dwdb with you," which C< ltdJ he int<! rpr.:r.:J as meaning Kdly was s te rile.

) I

.-\pnll u , D.:e r..:.::,lr .. b m h i, , lt .try ( PD. 27 ; F.:n tlln, 2H ). " I \\ nt t. • 1-. lr f:.J " '11\ anJ t<l Mistr<.:» 1\:d ly tll'll chdrirabl.: l.: rrer,, requmng .u rh..:ir h ,mJ, muru .. d ~hJrH\ ." A pri l I2, "1-.ly wit".: church.:J, and we r<.:CCI\·..:,1 t he cummumun." Th.:, .J,ma, Treboni.mus was e \'iJ ..:ntly b.:mg tr.:ar..:d Ll> D..:e', dulJ . .AnJ >liKe t!.c 10ur uf rhem had vuwcd w te ll nubo-ly •>f rh.: cpi:.,ll.ie, \\ hy wuulJ ;myunc: ,u,p<.:ct urh.:rwisc? It i:. nnly D.:e's :.piritual ro.:.::ord, that break th<! \'ll\V of ,e.::req; J nJ Ca,aubon 's tran,.::rip tiun uf the m, to llllweJ by lat.: r comm..:nrmor,. O n 1-.!Jy 22, 1588, Dee r<!cord, , "Mistr<!SS Kclly r.:ceived rh.: :.<lc r.un..: nr , and tll me and my wtfe gave h.:r hanJ in ..:harity; anJ w.: ru,hc:d llllt frlJill ha " (PO ._ 27; F.:nw n, 235 , r..:aJ :. " and we wi, h <!d wdl tll h.:r") . l t W<b rh.: annivcr,ary u t rhc·

r0:.>·march ing. On June 13 , 1588, Fr.mcb Carl.m J arri\·..:,ltn T reb,m with EJ muncl C,l,lpcr,

1\\r,. Kdly's bm th<! r (PO, 28; Fentun, 23 5). HaJ C ,klper Cllllll! t•> h d p re,.lke the: te n>i0n>, o r tu e>O.:llrt h is >ister hack t,1 England ? O n Ocwbe r 17, D.:.:', di,lr\ r<.:c,JrJ s, " lvlbtre~:. Kdly anJ the r<:>t rllde rnwarJ Punch .m z in rh.: nlllrning" (PO, 29; Fenwn, 237, reads "Mi:.rr..:ss Kdly anJ rh.: rl!:.t rlx le tl>ward Prac h an..: ..: t<~ rhe marriage"). lt is rhe lasr menric1n ,>f hc:r in a ny of D.:.:':. record,. Bur 11 h.::rhcr :.h o.: now left io r Engla nd, o r t~1r Pragut: , i> unknllWn.

Passages of three k rters written by Kdly Junng rh i, p.:n.xl (J une 20 .md .-\ugusr 9, 158 7, anJ N uvcmb.:r 15, 1589 ) survh·e.M They cbtl warh alchemy, bur it is nor l..nuwn to wllLllll they w.:re adJre>oeJ . Th<! a k hemicul a..:rivttle> c,mrinucJ. T o ,,·ha t degree Kdly anJ De.: we re Wllrk mg >epararo.:ly •Jr tugerh ..:r n•>W b unclear. T h..:r.: wa:. cerra in ly >01l1e cnnper<Hilm . Sepr.:mb.:r 2t:l , 158 7, D e:<: r..:co rdcd , "I dd ivert:cl to Mr Ed. Kdly, {l!.trn <!stly requinng it a, h t, p.m ) the half of all t he a n imal which was made. lr b tu \\'t: tgh [Fl!nt.m , " tu wit"] 20 uunc..:s: he weighed it himself in my chambe r. H e bc1ught [Fen wn: " bruughr"J his we ight> purpu:.ely l~lr it. My LurJ hdJ >Jlllk.:n tll m.: bo.:ture for >LHlle, but l\ lr Kdly had n0 t :.pc>ken" (PO, H; Fenr0 n , 230). F.:n run n0 te> the inclu:.llll1 lll th<! symbol fu r merc ury bd ur.: "animal."

O n December I2 , 158 7 there was •>ne: u t th•l>e .Kcid.:nr, th<lf ;tkh<! mi-:Jl .:xp.::rimenrc:rs o fr.::n suffered. "Att.:r nuon , ,Hnc:wh.lt , Mr Ed. Kd ly h t> ldmp ,werrhruw [F~nrnn: "u verrhrew"). the sptri r llf win.: kmg [F..:nton: " being"[ :.p..:nr r0u near, and the gla:.s being n<>t stay.:J wHh bllllks [Fenrun: " bricb " l a b,>ut If,

dS ir was wonr [F.:nron: "m<!unr" l tu be; and the ,am<! g la>:. :.o fl itti ng Lll1 <llh:

, ide , the >pirir was spilled nut , and burnt a ll th•lt wa, u n the table wh.:r.: 1t

, tooJ, linen and wrin..:n boub - as rhe book oi Zacha ria:. w ith th<! alkan. 1r [Fen ron: "arhan•>r"l that I translated llUt of French for >Olllc: by >p tritu.d .::<~uld nor [F.:nrun: " fur him by spiritual cummanJmenr''[; Ruwlasc hy hts third h""k of wacer> phih1:.uphica l; the book ca lled A ngdicwn Opti.S , a ll in p1cwr..:, , ••· d1<: wurk fmm the b.:ginning tu rh.:: cnJ; the copy uf rhc: man •>f BuJ w.:b', C ,mdu-silms for the T ransmuratiun [Fe n tun ha:. the: >ymbol fu r mercury, not "T r.Hblllll-wrinn"] of m<!tdls; anJ 40 leaves in q uarw , .::n ritleJ Excracciones O wm,mi . 1d 1t. .. L he h imself extracted anJ 11l)tc:J out of Duns ran hb b,>uk, a nJ the very b, >l >k .,r Dunsran was bur cast o n the b.:d ha rd by frlH11 rh..: cable" ( PO , 25; F~.:nr •• n , 23 1- 2}."5

lt ll.h lh>t .dl ll'llil .m,lt.:lbi->n. J.mu.u-y 13, 1588, D.:.: rt:O.:drcl.:cl, ":\r ,]inner 1111\\.: l\ lr EJ11.uJ 1\:.:11\ >t:nt hi. hr,Hher, 1\lrTh. K. hl mt' II'Hh rhe,c ll·,,rJ,, 't-.ly brother ><I)'> rhm \'<'ll >tudy "' much , ancl rher.:f,>re, >ecing it i> tll<l late ro gu wday tc> l\:rumlu1·, he 11 i>h.:, \ uu t<l o.:ume t<l pa>> d1e rime With him at play. I wenr alter dinner and played, he ;m,l I aga uhr l\ lr F. G,1r.: [Ft'l1llll1: "Gar!JnJ"I anJ l\ lr. Rub [Fenrun: " Rnhert G.trlanJ") rill >Upper rime, in hi, dining roum: .mJ afrer >Uf>per he c.1m.: and the uth.:r,, and 11·.: playt!J th..:rt' tll'<l o r thrt!e h,,ur,, anJ frien,lly cl..:parr..:J . Thi> 11'<1S then after rhe gr..:.ar and w,md..:rful un-l..inclnt'>> u,..:J tLlll'arJ me in taking [F.:nt,111: ''b..:.tting"l my man" (PO, 25-6; Fenron, 232-3).

The alcht:mlo.:al <1Ctivirie> O.:<mtinued thr,,ugh 1588. F..:bru.1ry o, "tdr. E. 1\:. .u 111ne ut" rhe cluck after n<l<ll1 >t'nt f,,r me tu h t, labui<ttury m·..:r rh..: gJt..: w ~..:..: h,lll' he Ji~till ed >O.:: ric,,n, ao.:<:Llrcling as in rim..:: past and ,,f la t..:: ht! h..::ard of m..: out ,,f Ripl..:y." ~\larch 24, "1\ lr. 1\: . pur rh..: gl.bs in Jung." M,ty 10, "E. K. ,lid <>p..:n the gre,ll >ecr..:r t<l nll:, l),,d b..:: th,mk..:J! " Augmr 24, (in Latin) "I ~;111 rh..:: divine 11 .n..:r, by rh..:: Jemlll1>trJri,m of rh..:: magnitic..:nr mastt!r anJ my i nc,nnp.tr;,~ble fri..:nJ l\ lr EJ 1-.:clly, b..:f,,re midd,ty: in rh..: >P<Ke nf rhrt"e hour,." D..:<....:mh..:r 7, (in Gr.:..:k charao.:r,:r,) "Grt';H fricnJ,h ip pr<lmised fur 111<1110.::)' anJ Ill''' uutK..::s ,,f the thing." Dec..:rnher 18, "l\ lr Edw.ud Kdly gav..: me rh..: 11·arcr, nh:rcury, all 30 ,,:.Wate-r, eanh and a ll" (PD. 26-30; F.:nrnn, 233-7).

In Nul't!lllbt:r 1587 Francis Garland haJ bruughr a lettt'r tix Oo..!t! frum EJw.trJ Dyer in England (PO, 2·t; F..:ntlll1, 23 1). The cuurrier ;,~nd poet EJward Dyer, knighr..:d in 1596 but at rh i> rime sti ll pbin Mr. Dyl!r, had >tuod as g• ,Jfarher tll Arthur De..: in 15 79. He hacl studied alchemy under Ot!e with Ph ilip Si,lney.00 I le ha,l reratned his inter<.:>£ in the subjl!cr, anJ in rhe mid 1570, he had a» ay..:cl for Wabingham a sample uf rhe <Jrt' Frobi>h..:r haJ bruughr b.1ck from Nurth America, hdieving it was guld. Dyer had ck:mllnsrrated rhar it ll'as nllr. In Europ..: in 1588, Sa1gl!nr \\Tires, "h.: o.:uuiJ nut r..:si>t the temptation tll Cllntinue hi~ j<lurn..:y .md inn:srigate the ;,~kh..:m ical bbours of Kelly in per-sun.""' W,t> it >imp!..: remprat iun, or was he under insrructilll1> frum Elizabeth, ur Burgh ky, or Walsingham? He arri \·ed in Prague, paid an official 1· i ~it to the Empl!ror Rucl.llf, and then came m Trebon on July 20. Two Jays later Dee r<.:<..<HJ s, in a mixture uf Latin, English , anJ G reck chamcrer>, rhat "Dyer diJ injure me unkindly," hur thc folluwing day reconci liation wa> efft:cred by the mecliar iun ,,f Kell y. Dyer kfr on August 9 (PO , 27-8; Fen ron, 235- 6).

In N<I\Tmher 1588 Dec 11•rure tll Q u..:.:n Eli:abeth, C<mgra tularing ht!r <li1 rh..: Engli,h 1·icwry ,wer rhe Span ish annacb , and prumi, ing to r<.!turn . H..: \\Tilt'S nt "finding nur dury cnncurr..::nr wirh a mu~t secr..:r beck of rhe said grao.: i~lUS l'nno.:..:,~ La,ly OpplHTuniry, nllll' t<l embrace, ancl enjoy, your mnsr excd lenr l'<l)'al t-.laje,ry', h igh f;:~v,>u r , anJ gracious great clt!mency, of calling me, Mr 1-.:dly, and <lur familie~ hum<.!, inr" y,,ur Bri r i~h c:arrhly par;~dise , and monarchy inc,lmpamhle. """ Was Eli:aberh summoning th..:m back so rhar their alch..:mical expo..!rim..:nls C<lu iJ pruce..:d in En:;lancl, anJ ~upplt!men r the Engli, h wftt" rs? H;,~J GMI.md repun..:J rh.: akht!mio.:al tr.msmutat iun he had nb,erved un hi, previuus vbir ? 1-bd Dye r bec:n ><=nt ,m a miss i,m?

'l

L),·..: .mJ ht> f.unih ldr T r.:b,m <111 l\!Jrch 11, 1 )b9. Un .-\1nl I '1 d .. ) r, ·'' h..:cl Bro..!lllen wh..:r..: they >f,l\ e,l f,,r >t:l'l.!n llll>nt h, b..:f,lr<.: Jq' .<rt 111,_: 1r .. i11

:)t.~cle •m Nov..:mber 19, tinJIIy .r rnving b.tck in Engl.mJ <lll N,11 ..:mher 22. I S:J-1 lPD. 30-2; FentLH1, 239-46). D..:..: gi1·e, Jn aCC<lllnt ,J( rh1, return j<~uni<.:\ m 1 .. >

Cump.!nJiou~ H~h~an.tl. ~>'~ . •

Kelly r..:mainl!J in Buhem1.1. Whtk under rhe p.rtr,n1.rge ••I 1\.,onl..:rl.. , 1-.:dt, I,.,J begun working with ><lme ,,f Rudulf, alch..:mic,JI proJ<.:L.I>. RuJ<~It' 11 . I> •"

.:nrlHJ>ia>tic an alcho..!mic.tl ..:xperim..:nr..: r .1> Rll:mb..:rl... R. J. W. E1 Jll> ufl:, ·' lcH.:r from rh..: Empa,,r tll Rll:mherk, d.neJ Ocruher 27. bur'' 1th no \t:.lr :,: r,·e n. 11 h ich ''reque>ts-in frienclly rerms-rhar 'Edu,uJu~· he r..:mp.lr.u dy rcle ... ecl fr11m h i> ,ervio.:e rh.:re ro C<ll1l<.: ro Pr.tgu.: anJ >llp.:rn,..: ,1 grt'Jt .rkhemtc.d ll <~rk 11 h1ch is in prngrt:». RuJ,J]f will nor cl..:t.lin huu (\nil in nlt !anger .turh .tlten, .tb t!r sdbst b.:gcrn wire!'), bur rhe operati<m is a d1fhcuh un..: 11 htch n..:..:d~ e:o.p..:rr .b~i>t:illlCC: 'da, Ho..:ch>t~tuck dar:u mangdr, dcr mc:rcunu> ,.,lt,, an dem d1.: ~.tch ni t b n v..:rt'crtigr wcrJ..:n, hair derhalb..:n fur gu.:r cla, ,lt!r EJu.trd dcr,db,r hteh.:r l..hamb, J i>t!m mangl..:n :u hdffen.' n ;u

Kelly n~1w g.linl!d the Emper,lr RuJ11lt\ f.t l'<>r, wa, accepr..:J <~> .1 Cl[t:cn " ' Buhemia, and granr..:d a patenr ,lf lmpenal 11<lhdHy, ..:quire, aurari. I le bco.:Jm..: Str Edward Kdly. 0<.!..: \IT<ll<.: to W.rbmgh.nn un :\ugu>t 20, 151:>9, rh.1r !\:ell) was "now in most favuurable mJnner created .1 B.tr<Hl llf the l..mgJ,Hn llf 13<~1..:mia; with th.: grant uf a Ctl.lt ,l Mill>: a, I ha1·..: >een in a IMg..: >eal, h..:mg .1 lt,m r.nnpanr with [rhc liun ,If EnglanJI in a horJure, wl[h the yo..!ar <ll1 the ,..:.d, 1 1: I 573, and a mnrrn mund ir.";' AcCtlrding to rh..: r..:C~lrcl, Kdl\ claim..:J reLHtlln-h ip to the and cnt Irish t1llhiliry: "EdwJrd Kdly, bllrn an Engli,hman, ,,f rh,

knighrly ki n and h,1usc called lmamyi in rhe O.:<lunty ,,f Cun.tglhtku 111 rh.: kingdom of lrdJnJ. n): T hb claim ha> g..:n..:r<tlly b..:cn dt>CllUnreJ <I> a f.tbno.:.ll hJI)

by Kelly. Bur drawing <m the l ri~h geneal,lgical Cllmpilati<H1, An L~ahlwr 1\ liwnh-ll.?ach, Liam Mac C:Jil ha, ~h<lll·n rhat rhe>l! genealngle> "make the Ui Ch..:.t!Lugh (O'Kdly, Kdly) dc,o.:endanr> of 1\ Ltine. The Ui M ha me (Hy-1\ lany, I many) hdJ territllry in Connaught , m,Jre prc:ci>dy in l.!<l>t Galway and >tlUth R<.l>Cumlll<ln. h ll'lluld have bt!en quite nLJrmal ancl proper, rhcrdnrl!--o rrhugraphy anJ phr.~>m,; <.t>idt!-for >Ollleone called Kelly ro say th.lt he was uf the nuble 'hnu>e <li lm.llll) 1 in the county " f Conneghaku' ,md unly a little ..:xhihmnnl>tic. "i1

The Bohemian ..: nnublt!menr uccurr..:d snme run..: afr.:r Dee', Jcp.rnur..: h11 hefurt! the enJ ,,f Jun.:, 1589. R<l:mherk is >a iJ to have gtven Kdly tl\',, riLl·, with their vi ll.tgl!> n..:ar JII,ll'e- Liberio.:..: .mJ N,,d Lib..:n.:• Vl.tJ imir 1\:.trr.:nl.. .. writ.:s thar while at T rd1,111, Kdly "recdved Llt purch.t>t:cl <lilt: smJII CJ>rle, nmc vtllages, and two h<lll>l!S in Pr.tgul!.";;

In June 1589 Kclly wr<lll.! ru L,,rd Burgh Icy .th, llll .llleg..:,lll'e.J'llll hy Chit > l o~ ·

ph er Parkino. The Briri,h Library preserves Kdly'> let ter (I\ IS Lm,,!-111 ne o l. fc~l. 64)io ancl a kuer frum De..: lll1 rhe >.lllle tllpil: (t-.IS Lm,dnwne 6 1 .ur. 5:J, ful. 159).

Kelly reporr..:d "ThJt f,,un..:..: n day, he fur..: the t'..: ,r,r ,,f Pc:nrcCll>L I,, , , tl .. ti <ll1t! Park in>, burn in Engl.mJ an,) now .1 J..:>uil c,tme fmm R,lllle t•> th..: ell~ " ' Prague in B,lh..:mia. And rh..:: rl! C<Hning ll1tLl an inn, whert! the ,,uJ ::-i1r E. K

5-1 1\ IYSTll:.-\L 1\I ET.-\ L UF l)l)Ll)

wa:. , ancl un .:ring chv.:r:. n, ,l·dn.::., anllmg cHh.:r:. h ..: pLunl) (but a:. 1t \\ c:r..: m gr..:at ,..:cr..:q) up.:n ..:cl hl rh.:: sa icl S ir E. K. thb h ,>rrihle Clll1>pir<ILY aga in:.r h..:r l\ laje:.ry:

I . T h,tr th..:re 11<:re nu11' :...:1·..:n :.u..: h way:. , ,r 111..:an:., C<~nduJ..:d anJ agr..:.:cl upun by rh.: Polpe and h 1> cunieJ ..:rat..::., fo r rh..: murclering ut the Q uc:..:n , th,a if rh o:: first , :...:cllnJ, third, fuunh ancl fifth fai ld , yet \\'ere rh..: [pl, ,r:.[ ..: re. in , u,:h s11rt tLl be ex..: ..:ur..:J , rhar rho:: :.ixrh o r Sl!\'t.:IHh sh,n!ld rake ..:ff..:..:r: y..::., ii all rh..: ckvib in hdlth..:reunr,, say na y.

2. AnJ funh..:r Parki ns J..:dar..:J, that rhuse way:. ancl means were hy him anJ h is culw renr:. m be ..:xe..:ur..:J aga in:.t h ..:r Majesty's own p..:r:.Llll, f, ,r the p..:lfnn n an..:..: whc.:re,lf h ..: d..:dar..:d abu, rhar he wuuld f,>nhwi rh gn inrn England hy the.: way oi Dan:ig. And :.11 irom rhc.:n..:e, in the hahir ,Ji a m..:n:hanr, inr11 England.

3. That wh..:n the saicl Sir E. K. d..:clarc.:J rh..: :.ame :.rrang..: n..:ws t11 the: Lm,l R•>: mberk , Vi..:eruy ni Bohemia, rh..: said R1>: mberk rolJ S ir EJw.1 rJ rh..1r rhe :.Ji, l Parkim was rho:: right hand, or chief man ro rh..: K mg nf S pa in anJ rh-: Pup.:, in all rhc.: ir rreach..:rou, enterprise, 3ga in, r England.

4. A t d1..: :.J I1h! Dme anJ ilb tanr rh..: >JiJ R,l:mherk , huwed unw ::i ir E. K. a l..:n..:r, wrirr.:n by uno.: 11i rh.: chief ,Ji rhe , ra rc:s nf rhe Low C,luntric:s wirh the Emperur, rc:questing the Emp..:ror t11 b..: a mea ns ro rake up th..: mart..:r h..:rw..:..:n rhc:m and the Kmg Ill Spa in. And al:.o requesting rh1s Emp..:ro r ro >end them >ome aid to hd p them away with the English rh,1 r wer..: in thm..: pr1w in..:es.

5. That th..: >a iJ Sir EJwa rd, at his f,uthful di:.clu:.ing rhn:.e things (rhu, by Jivine prLwi.Jen..:e come tll h is knuwl..:dge) t11 rh..:, e sub,cribed genrkm..:n, Jid funhermnre much marvd and w,mJcr, h11w it wa, possi-bl..: that thl.! ~rrangers uf the Low C ountries, Jwdling in England, would o r ..:oulJ lend and >end unru rhe Emperor or King of Spain a million of gGIJ a r any rime 11r rimes, ru his m their hdp~: which he of his certa in knuwledge assur..:J tu be done. BLI[ he wdl h op..:d, Lhm the treason therein by this rime 11as Cllm..: tu rhe knowledge of >0111<! 11f her 1\laj..:sry's mo>r h, li111UWble pri1·y council.

W e Rnben T a n un and G emg..: Leic..:,rer, gentlemen, do witness th ..:, e a rticles anJ rh..: effect of eve ry pan of them ro have b..:en dedared unr,, us, and Ed mond Hi lron, ,en ·ant to the right II'L1r:.hipful John Dee, E, LJ , by the within named S ir E. K. at our being with him at T rebon in Btlhe mia in th..: end nf June last, 1589.

Le iLL'>L<.:r w.1s pre,um<lhly rh..: G..:,Jrg..: LL'i..:..::.rer who wa> v icw<.~l ler ,,f h ..:r M aje:.-ty', go~rrb,Hb in rh ..: Luw Counrri..:~ .

Parkins wr11te t•J Wabin:~ham 1--·b y 12, 1590, ..:umpL1ining a b,>ut rhe trouble J..: ..:lly's re p,lrr cau:...:d him. "H ighr hnn,Jrabl..: Sir, it has been >tHne cnmfnn unw m.: tt l unJ..:r:.wnd by yuur lt:rter, that my t rouble b pro longed, by lookmg for ,m an, w..:r from S ir EJward Kdly, who h<c~ s been conjured m deal h..:n:: in sincerely.

;:,,, 11 Kdly d ..:al C hri, rian ly w1th run.: a ll w tll be: wd l. Bur tl !'~' 1·,· ·"' c:" I\\L'.111111g man a, c.ummun iam..: reptlrt>, 11 hat Ctii1)Urt ng ~~· 1 ll be >Ulll(lc111 t".""'"" hun dea l since rd y: specia lly if he io lluw rh..: cnun:.d ,,j lu, fnenJ, an-I ,;t. •. odl urh<.!rS the Je>u it>, whu have \'uweJ the1r enJcal·our. tu trouble thl> L'>t.l t..: ·•"J ,1ll wd l-wi, he r," (Publi..: Recmd O ihce, SP 12/23 1, f, Jl. 22 ).

Parkins had been a t sd1o,1! ar Win..:he,r..:r wi th ThtllllJ> Wat>.H1, the \ \ .d , mgh.am agenr whu h;Jd Gft'e red hi> sc:rvice> ttl Ltskl. In 1566, ag..:J 19, P..~rk u.haJ ..:nrercd rhe s,,.:iety of Jesus ar Rome. He had been a n ..:m t ne1~r pr11te~~"r a mong th..: Je>uirs fo r mJny years, hu_r gra~u•1lly h..:..:ame di,t,H1ceJ tr,Hn rhe1n. In rhc miJ-1580, h..: prt>vcd him, dt usdul tu Burghl..:y, llHervenmg t ll >.11 t

' I) Burgh k y's grand:.nn frum tmuble a fr..:r ,,,m..: inJ~>..: re .:r expr..::.>ion ~~ ~ rllk >L .. n t ,>p inions on a vi, ir w Rum..:. Parkin> i> >aid hl have re turned t~ EngLmJ "_Ill~ rhe young William C.:.: il. who r.:conuu..:nJeJ him tll h!s g randt.uher. In 1 ) \:1 /

Parkins was , rill d.:scribed in rhe government'> li, r ul recu,,mL> abr.,aJ ... , " J..:,uir, resident in Prague . Wha t in,pired Kdly', le u er i_> unkn,~wn. HaJ h.: r ec r. i.:J misinftuma tiun ? W as h.: trying ro pre>ent him,dl .1> u:.d ul t11 rh..: <!"l,m-menr? O r was h e trying tLl pre-empt any r..:pllrt> Parkin> may h a1·..: mclJ.: J bcJLot hun ? Park ins ,..:ems tll ha\·e be.:n imprisuneJ on h i, re rum t1J Engl.mJ, bur 11 .. , r..:gularly empk1yeJ on diphnna ri..: mi» tOll> .atr..:r . rhi, , and in ~ 59 1 \\,t> 111.1J t ambassad,u m D.:n mark anJ gi\·en a n annlllt)' ot 100 mJrb. Wh.:rh..:r h..: h.1J been an Engli~h agent beiurehanJ, o r wh..:rh..:r h e wa, re..:rui r..:J after a , ,men Ill;· up spell in pris0n i> undcar.

Deo:: h aJ e xp.:c ro::J Kell y w m..:d h1m 111 Bremcn a n,! return w En~LnJ with him. H e wrote tll Mr. ju, rice Yo ung , Augu:.l 20 , 1589, rhar h ..: kJreJ h L' w11ulJ have "ttl endure th i, Br..:ami>h habHation Lh i> winte r, b..:..:au,e I hc:a r n. "'' 'rJ of S ir Ed Kdly's apprtlaching" (S P 15/31 , h1l. 35 ). N tll'ember 3, o lJ >£) lL' he records in h i:. diary, "I re>~l l v..:J r11 gu intLl Engl,mJ, h .1ping w meet l\ l r EJward Kdly a r S rade, guing also in tn England; ,m J rha t I su>pec r..:d up.m l\l r S..:crera ry Walsingham', leucr:." (PO, 3 2; Fen£<111 , 2-11 ) . Ba..:k ar Morrlak ..:, J,,nu-ary 23, 1590, (Fenron , 247, has December 23, 1589), Dee ww te, ' 'l\lr Thunl.<· Kdly came fr,lm Brainf,m:l; pur me in good hope ut S 1r Edwa rd Kdly's r..:rurnm;" (PD, 32). But h..: never sa w Kdly aga in.

A nJ now S ir EdwarJ th1uri:.h cJ a> nn.: ui RuJ,,lt\ tJVllllte:.. H t> ,lkh.:n<k.d trammuwrion> were widdy repon ed. A , hmlllc r..:corJ, in Th.!atrwn Ch.:n'" '"" Britannicwn : " I have rece ived ir from a crcdihl..: per:.1ll1 , rha r one Brll,,mndj anJ Alexander Rube rrs ruiJ h im they had ofte n >cl!n S ir EJ Kdly mJke pr.IJL'c-tion, anJ in particular upon a pic..:e of m..:ra l cui our of a warming p.m , ,m.J without S ir Edwa rd's touching o r h andling ir, or mdrmg the mc:ral (onl) 1\.lfiJ.-ing it in rhe firt!) rh..: dixir being pur rh..:r..:,m, ir wa> rransmur..:d ilHcl pt..r, , ilver: the warming-pan anJ rhb pie..:e uf it W<l> ><.:nt ttJ Q u..:cn Eh:.1bdh b\ hc:r ambas:.ador who then lay at Prague, that by fiuing the pie..:e inr11 rh..: p l.,,c· whence it wa> c ur our, it might .:xac rly app..:ar tn be ,me parr oi rh .a 11 aruo~ n,.· pan. The af0r..::.aid p.:r, ,m ha:. likewise >t.:en in the h a nds of on.: lvl r Fq .: an-i Sc roupo::, rings uf S ir Edward Kdly's gt1ld , the fash ion of wh1ch 11'..1> unl-, .;.~ IJ wire, rwbted thrice ahnut rh.: finger; anJ of th ..::.e fashi,meJ ring>, h ..: g.11 c· . ·' ··) m the valu..: of 1:4000 ar th e marriage of on..: of hb , ervant m,u-1, . Th t> '' ,,.

)0 t-.1\":::iTIC.-\L t-. IET.-\L L)F GOLD

lllghl) gl'lh:r~>uo, hlll td ~.1) truth he: \\'<lo tlpo.:n ly pr,ltuo..:, h.:yun,l th..: nh~o..l.:or lim ito .~fa ~ub..:r phil,,,, ,pher." W,",J rep..:at> d1e srury in Atl1.:nt!<! Oxuni.:nsis, u,IJmg rh.: detail rhctr rh..: amhasoacl,,r was LurJ W ilk1ughby.11

R. J. W. E, <llb cite> urher rcporro rhur ci rcular.:J rhrllugh Eur<lpc:. The 13oheml.m a,l.:pl t--lard1icto Erhin.Jus \ 'cll1 Branclau \\TOte arounJ 1630 rh;t r he hctJ een Kdly's tincture, and rhar Kelly .:uu!J proJuce rh.: .1\.l.:t.:urii<S Solis in nu llhll't.: than titrc·..:n minurc,. An,,ther uccuoiun is r.:purrecl hy Gasoenduo at L?r. 1-Lij..:k', huuo..:, wh.:r..: with rhe mfuoiun of a oingle >mall Jnlp nf reJ liquiJ, Kdly LransnHILeJ a puunc.l <>f mc:rcury into g,,JJ. RuJ,>lf uoed Hcij.:k w r..:or our the ..:ro.:J.:nrhtl, 11f alchcmiob bdorc raking rhem inru hio service. This nccaoiun may ha,·c: he.:n such a to.:oL, one which Kdly pa»ecl oucces>fully . Nicolas BarnauJ, who wao li1·ing ar H<i jck', h·>use, b vari•>u>ly rcporr.:J LO hav.: ubsern;J ur p.trttCipatc:J in <ll1..: ,,{ Kdly's rratbmurarilll1>. A number of B,>h.:mian manu-ocriprs ,tf the oixr..:enrh anJ ,,e,·enrc:cnrh century contain alch.:mical recipes ll'hich .tre .1>cnh.:cl ~·~ Kdl y; anJ a Hungarian alchembt claimed robe reirer.ning the true \l'loclum 1>f Sr. Dunoran which Kdly haJ reJioC,Jver.:d anJ transminc:d rhr<lllgh Rulk1lf.i• .

On Ocr.1bcr I, 158':1 EJ,,·,Ird L \er left Lon,ku1 , 111 a Sl!CI'd miooi,m h>

peroualk Kdly tll rl!rurn t<l EnglanJ with h io alchemical expertlo<::. Burghky rl'C..:i\·e,J report> on Dyer', prllgt"l!S> fnun Th,Hnao Budky at The Hague (SP 84/ 15 , td,. 17- 28) and W ill iam ll·lilwarde ar Sracl..: (SP 82/3, ful. 116). On March 7, 1590, .m Englioh mc:rchanr ar Hamburg, Wi ll iam Fuwlc:r, repurreJ rn Burgh lo:y "up,ln my late rra,·d in thl! ..:vumrieo of Oeur.chland and Bvh.:mia f11r h.:r td,tje>l y'o oervic<.! ":

.-\n,l cu1~1in~ un_r,' the! l try ,,f Pr;tgu.: mer wirh rho: worohipful Mr 1\:dly, whum alter h i, trit:nJiy enterr,tinmem anJ ar my J eparrure tr,Jm rhence, cldi,·ercd un[ll me: a bnx with the or.: ancl order of the silver mines, for Lu ddi,·.:r untll Y•1Ur hunuur with rhis letter here .:nduseJ ... nor J, ,ubri_ng with Gud', hdp bur that he hinbclt will he here vc:ry ,h,mly, ao he full y inrcn1leJ :1r my C<H1ling away. Mr Oyer is g,me unru him, and has hecn nu11· rho:rc a month t'nun Srade, and b lu1)kecl fu r daily. I l1<1pe thq · wi ll cume Wgerhcr, G,ld gram they may, ft1r he is a guoJ oubj.:ct ancl tt> be a..:cuunre,l uf.

The ktt<.:r, iopreoe!'\'ed in .-\ohllh1le'o papers in rhe B11dlcian Library (/>.IS Ash-llh>k 17oti, h1lo. I )9-60) . .-\ccurJing tu De.:'s diary, Oyer h .. JJ rl!lllrnc:d to L,m-clon hy March 14; Dec: rc:ce ived a l.:u er from Kdly March 17 (PO, 33; Fl!nt"<u1, 247).

Qu.:c:n Eli:ab.:rh 's 11h1St >l'l1i11r otctreMmm, Will iam Cecil, L,1rd Burghley, rhe k1rJ trl'asurer, noli' \\T<>Lc directly to Sir EJwarJ. An undated drair of a lerr.:r oun·iveo in thl! Brirish Library (t-. IS Lam,Jowne 103 no. 73, iul. 2 11 ) .1~ He rhank.:d Kdly f~ l r hio krr.:r rccl'il'c:J l'ia Oyer anJ nored

thc~r you C< H11;_., a Je>lre 111 rerum [<1 Y•'U r naril'e C<lLu1try; which 1o very C<l mln.:n,bhk in )'<lLt. I J•erc.:il·e alou by yuur own 11·urdo, expreooly, that

),

)'llUf nunJ dr..t\\'o )'<lll f<l\\clrd )'•>ur gra..:l llU~ ~ll\'l! fl! tgn ; lllh•ll1 .&Lo\c ,11 woriJiy t-.Ltje~ t ll!o yuu ,lc:otre 111 o.:n ·e and plc:.toc:: wh1ch mrenr )•'LI ·'"'

desire me l<l furrho:r .... And )'d nevcnhde>o, I \\ uuld 11llt hcl\'o: )•"' ignorant, thar ounJr) nten, bemg Ill>[ acqu•unr..:J with rhc:oo.: p>ur t".mhtul off.:ro anJ purpooeo, let nut in oume ><lrt, >111Cl! ir 1o oeen rh..tt )<Ill ..:.uuc llllt ll'irh 1\ lr Dyer, tcl d1vine \'<lricluoly of yl>U r oray, oume o.tying rhcH )• ''' do forbear tu CLlll1e, because )'llll cannor perf,mn rh,n inJ,;ed "h1ch h .• : been reponeJ ,,f )'llU. Some that )'<Ill dft! enr i..:eJ ( hy ouch a> b..:c~r n .. t rhc Queen nor rhio re.tlm any guoJ will), nur w Clllllt: fll henc:hr 1 .. ,, Majesty. Sume ,1ll.:ge thc~r your <J\\'n pmfes>icm ni rdigion ,lu..:> nnr .t~r<.:c w1th uuro here. Yc:a ><1111<.! rh,lf malic iuuoly are di>p11oed, oay, rh,lt )'<1ll .11' an impooror [anJ a decc:i,·er-- dd.:rdl with yvur ~,,phtoricanll\1>.

lr io clo.:ar lrom Burgh Icy', leuer rhar Queen Elt:aheth h.1J requo.:otecl hun t d '' nt, to Kelly, anJ rhar ohe hcrodthaJ alreaJ)' wnrren. "I <1m e:<.prc»ly C•1mm.mJ~:J h her Majl!ory t<l requirt:! yuu to havt:! regarJ w her h<ll1<1Lir, .tnJ accurcl ing t• ' d~c rcnur of her fm mer leuers, r<> asoure yourodf, tu he oingularly fuv ,>ure,l; Y'·'· 11, respect, ,,f the bc:netits rhar y•>u may, by the gift> that G11J hao giv..:n, hnn~ t, her Majcory, eo be hLlnourcd, w rhe Cllmfnrr ,tf Yllllrodf and all ynuro." I le condudeJ with rhanb rv K.:lly "fur rhe nwunL.t in, ''r rock rl1<H Y''u oem, .111.1 wa~ safdy brought ro me frnm SraJe, which I will pla..:e in my lh1Uoe wl:c.r.: I d,l bt:!stow orher rare rhingo of wmkmanoh1p, and ,hall he cl mel11l lrial ul ) •'"' kinJneso. W ishing I might enjuy sum,; omall r.:ceipr fr,lm )'<1LI, thar m1ghr Cllllll• 111 my spirits in mine age, rarh~.:r rhan my cuffero with any wealth: f, Jr I e>t<.:.: lll health abovc: wealrh."

T hc: "mounrain or r<Kk" th.1r Kdly ,enr ru Burghlq \\'cl> prnbJhl) .1 lJo:ll ll-<1• Handsr~ine, a mndcl ni a muunrain made up •li aoo.1ys ut ore, ownc: ancl .:ry,r . .!-. ohowing in ,,;criun the layout ut the mine workingo wirh minc:rs ar their Juf,·rc:lll moks. Burghlc:y wao l..n,,wn t11 h,tl'e an inrc:reor in mechanical J.:vice> .mJ n"' , 1-ties, which he kept , t<lgerher with an c:xhauotl\'e collection uf nupo, in th, cabinets in his srud ico and galleries."''

Burghl.:y', lener ru Kelly ocrupul,>uoly m·,,i,b mentl<llHng akhelll) . Pr.:"ll" ably rhi:. w<b in caoe rho.: lerrer was im.:rcc:pteJ. Thc: matrer wao juJ geJ t11 r, .. sensi tive one. Burghley wao certainly de.:ply inrerestccl and full ,nl·eJ up L1· inquiries rhrllugh llthc:r meano. The Britioh L1br.~ry ducumenr uf F.:hntclf) ~ ) 1590 (t-. IS Lansd.nvn.: 846, iols. 21 6-17) conr,uning the wpy of a p.H..:r.t , r knighrhvocl granr.:J by RuLI,llph to Kdly may wdl be a reopunse w ,u..;h ll1cjuif· ieo. On March 8, 15':10, ar rhe enJ ut a lung lertl!r w Sir Horatll> P.tl,l\ 1..:11•c· Burghl.:y writes, again un~pecitically, "I pray y<tU learn what yuu ..:.111 , lhlll ::-,r EJwJ . Kdly's proft.!ssion may b.: credited" (SP 81/6, fob. 7-8).

Palavic ino wao a fi nancier whoot! fllrtune was bas.:J <ll1 the Eut'<'l'e.ln .• 1,.:, ll1llnllpoly. From 1580 w 1592 h.: wao rh..: Englioh g,wernm.:m'o ti n,li1CI.d .•,;cill in European Jealings. He Wl>rkcd clo,d y wirh Burghlo:y, prln·1dmg " c«nJult , 1

finance fl1r diplomatic, eopivnagc, and o ther expendirureo, anJ he: 11 cl> ,I lu __ J.. levd snurce of information f,1r Burghley and Wabingham."1

1\ IYSTIC.-\L t-.IET:\L L)F lJl)L[)

July I ), 15':)0, l \:c: rc:c-'t"<b in ht:. ,liary, "l ll'<:m tu the: Ar..:hbt, h<l[1 ,,f C.IIHerhur\: t.dk.~J ll'ith him bul-lly •>t Ill\' righr t<l the p.lr:.<m.Igc:s; ancl t<> the rrc:ar~:.e <lt-Su· EJwar,l 1\:..:lly's Alchemy" (PD, 35; Fent<.m, 249). Wa:. Dee claim-ing ><Hll<.: right:. t<l a 1\\ lrk ,,f Kdly':., ur was it a maner ut <.1wner:.hip oi n manu:.cripr! Th..: ldklll•ing y..:.u Raph R.1bbard:. nrgani:..:d the: publicuion <li rho.: first ..:J inun ,i Go.:<~rgo.: Rtpley's Th.: CumpuunJ of Akhemy. Amung rho.: prda[l)ry ..:s:.<l)'> .m~.l l'<.:r:...::. "ui <lther n. 1rablo.: 1nirer,'' appeareJ the poem "Sir E. K. Cun-cern ing rh..: Phi lo:.tlpher', Srune wrinc:n w his e:.pc:cial g1.1oJ friend , G.S. Gent." Dc:e ;llsu C<HHribur..:J a prc:iar<>ry 1'•><.: 111 r,, the h,1ok, "J. D. Gc:nt: in pr.1 i:.e Llf the ;luth,H- and hi :. W<lrk," su h,; may ll'dl hav..: bo.:en invnlvcJ in arranging the ~1ublicarion uf tht: p~.1.:m by Kdly. Kdly's "e:.p..:cial guuJ frienJ G. S. Go.:n t" has ll<1r hec:n iJ..:nn fio.:,l.

Kdly replic:J tu Burghlc:y from Pr.Igu,·, July ~4 . 1590 (SP o l /6, iub. 56-7) . Kdly refur..:J "whdt:.de\'<.:r ha:. been spuk..:n ui m..: anJ by whum I kthlll' no r but am ,b :.urc:d rh.1r n1.1 man ha:. conuni:.:.i•m r,, rept:at any WL1rJ:. f,mn.Illy ir<1m me in EngbnJ to rhar pr..:renJ.:,J eff.:cr, 1\lr Dy..:r excepreJ whn h <b d.me rhe parr uf a iairhtul :.ubjecr anJ tclld a truth :.uch as nune of these blabbers :.hall ever <1\·..:rrhrow." He 1\'C:llt <111 rn aJJ that

:.uch <b r.:warJ m..: f,u my fanht.ul :.t:n ·i..:c arc: nu t r<l he: ulutH..:cl emi..:..: r:. n..: irher b my Ji:...:reti.>n :.•l weak .Is t<l apply any sen·ic..: t•> the enemies ui hc:r 1\laj..::.ry nr my narivo.: country wh ich hithertu I duubr nLlr bur that I h,t\'<! well u,·,1ido.:J ... I pr<.lt<!:.t beiuro.: GnJ the rru..: and :.tnc..:r..: l01·e, Jury and nh..:Jto.:nce thar I J .. 1 and a lways shall bear to her :.acred 1\laje:.ry anJ the h .. m,lur o f my c,>unrry; and ><1 an cnJ for rh i:..

Wel l a 1i•ord m tll'll wi th rhllse that find faulr with my rdigi.m. If th..:y be such a:. luve Gu..:l them~dv..:s, care for h•mesty, hate pride and Clll·..:rou:.nc:ss anJ rh..: filth y sin of l..:chc:ry: if they prefer nor the Cl1Urt b..:!, m:! tht!ir CllnSCtence and tv!Jchiavd's docrrine bo.:furt! the wnrd of GoJ rhen am I oi rhem. AnJ hope :.hall wdl conform with their religion, etc. But now I :. tng oi a rms anJ the man. And und<!r )'<lllr Ci.lrrcction my g<.111J l,>r,I :..1y whar:.,Jever he be in England that is nnt a:.h,uueJ tu report that I am an imposter I will n,1r be ab;tshed to :.uy that he is a knave :md that h..: ltes in his throat and will maintain it with my :.wllr-1 upun hi:. care ts..: wh..:re:.\1\!\·cr I can •>r shall find it abroad, will gladly and tn<IIicinu:.ly trea-t it dl>Wn at hum.:.

[He went on tLl o.:xplain hi> :.illlati<.Hl in B,1hemiu.j Being in :.ecurity, ancl that in a C<luntry iull of pt!acc and lib..:rry, seiscJ in bnds of inheri-tance yidding U500 yeurly, inCLlrporar..:J to the kingJ nm in the :...:conJ urd..:r, ~.>f some expecratiun and u:.e more than vulgar, uf ht:. Majcsty's privy council (n,JtwithstanJing n~.J t y<!t sworn for the love.: l b..:ar unto my sacred Que..:n and country ), chief regent in nnd uver all the lands and affair:. 1.1f rhe Prince Ru:mhcrk: I cannot see how I nught easi ly or h,m..:srly depart, much lt!ss :.o :.tc:al mvay, for why such properties belong to a paltry mitllled man and ro him that knows nut rh.: u:...: of honour.

-. .-\ b.ntghr 1 <ll\1 anJ SW<.lrn r<l prumllte l' trtue anJ chti'Jir\ 11l.kh i ·· .tt p..:rform by all ..:ndeavuur (GL>d helping me) tll the uttc:rm<l>L ,

But if it may pleas<! my most gractOu~ ,,weretgn anJ u •ut.tr, t. rc:Jre:.:. tht: in]urie~ done ag..t inst m.: h.:rc:tul,lre m~J t1.1 ~all m<.: lhJ tt.c t. the like honour; a.~uring me ui ~u much bnJs uf m~em,mce by )"·' r t. :.erve ho.:r, a, 1 ,h,lll lea1·c behmd me in &1h..:mtJ k1r her; rh..:n 11 tll l Jeclare my:.di upenly, rake l..:ave uf h t:. ~ htJC>tY anJ b.mgJllm anJ rq· ... r hume ru her highne.~.

~dly J,1cs 1w r :.p..:city the " in] urte:. J util! agatn:.r m.: h er<.:l<llllr..:" but die:\ " .. u be rhe ear !upping ur the t.:<>ining charg..:. . ,

On Augu:,t 10, 1590, Kd ly 1\'tllte replying t<l ,t rurrher ktt..:r ll lHliPUr; hk. ··1 um nor , 0 mJJ t1.1 run ,l\vay from my pre:.em hon<.Jur and lanJ, t<l ~h,,,·c r, • ,1 n<!l\'. Sarb e:.t per 1·inur..:m nll>xi 4ua per dedeam l"tnc..:rc ... · T .. > Jo.:,Jl pl.lli.l I rind mysdi wdl ar ea:.e. And can well cunrenr my:.dt wt~.h ~ll) pr<.:><.:~ir >l-~t, anJ will not rem~.w..: bur upun grcatcr rea:.om rh,m I yet hnJ (::,P b l /o, tul. OJ I

Sir Hurattu Pal.1vicinu r<!:.p,mJeJ w Burghley'~ requ.::.t f,>r mk>rm.t~ t.t, Jbout Kdly by iorwarJing a lnng, rambling le_~rer Puo:i had :.enr huu lh·t" Pragu<! on August 25 , 1590 (SP 81/6, fob. 68!1). Puc..:t ro.:p<.m..:d th.n h<.: h .t-.1 brok.:n with ~dly, findmg him "..:v..:r nwre mcon:.ranr m m,m..:r:. •ll rdtgt<~n .u .J piety and knowing h im in marrcr~ ,J( irienJsh ip lung m pr<.>m_t:.o.::. .mJ WLlrJ, h....r sh~.m in deeJ:., tinJing him over l,mg nwnrh~ anJ year:. ,-,lln anJ tntukr.tl-1\ haughty." Pucci went nn tn complain th..tt Kdly uweJ hun mon.:y, anJ r. Jescribe a quarrel that h,tJ ,levdupeJ hetwe..:n Kdly anJ Cuunr Sc,Htu. Th~ quarrel, he repurreJ, had be..:n :.rarteJ by Kdly, "who 1\'r•H<.: th..tr _he: h.JJ It rr .. n. tru:,tworrhy per:.<ms d1<1t Scottu W<IS :.peaking untb n..:ringly L1f h tm .mJ 1\ -'' rhrcutening to beat h im up, who.:reby if such wa:. the ca~..: . h.: ordc:reJ h tm t, indicate the place anJ rh.: t ime so rha r he might ro.::.p<.md w tth weap.m m lunJ .... Suftice it tll knuw io r the mument that th<! quarrel m my <lptnt<lli cmn,.t have an ea rly end without bkxxhhed, anJ that all tn all I dun t bdt.:l·c d1..:1 <.: t' much to cho:.e b.:rwcen them.""!

Count Sc,Jtt<l, the Italian alchemi:.t, wa~ a :.mi:.ter hg_ur..: .. -\b,l b.n.ol\ t. •• Scow or Sc,lta or Scorta or Scott i, anJ vanuu:.ly gtven the hr:.t n.1mo.: Cic:r. n~~~~~ or Alessandro ur Giovanni, h.: had arriv..:J in Prague e.1rlier that yc.tr, I J 'J-... and :.eems m ha1·.: pl.1yed a parr in the event~ that pre..:tpltat..:J 1\:dly':. J ,o\\ nt .• ll in 1591."1 •

O ne.: again EJ warJ Dyer WLb :...:nr r<l Jc:;l l J irectly ll'trh Kd ly. 1-1<.: .otTtl , J in Prague: .:arly in Ocrub..:r 1590. He prc:;;enr..:J h ts paper:. t•l the nHnbld> ' t star.:, but rh..: (K1Iitical climarc was un.:asy and he let t r.IptJ ly. H.: 1\fl>l t: t. Burghley Oct<.lb..:r 3 I. "I u:..:J all my be:.t mt:.m:. _ro have g<lrt..:n "'Hll<.: ni<. Jt .. " ., w have :.<Hisfied her ~lajesry by her 1.1\\'n hlisslu l :.tgh t: but S tr EJ k Jr..:J l consent rherew, le:.t rhe rep•1rt rhere<ll being blown .wer, ir might he .m ,1-:c .• ·•· •• to kindle jealou>y here, whereuf he b..:ing n•lW of_rhe Emp<::mr\ pn\·) .._ , ,t,n.:d , he h as mure regarJ than in time pa:.t" (SP 82/3, tol. 134 )._

The sa m..: Jay, Octob<!r 3 1, Kdiy wn1te tll Burgh l..:y trlllll PrL~gu~.· 1 ::-I .:l •

6, iol. 76):

1\1\':->T IC:\L 1\ II::T-\L l) F GULD

Very gl.~,l I ,\Ill th.H h.:r i"<IY<~ I l'vlaJc>t\ h,t, >c<:n .md hk.:, l rh~:> <.: Ill\ Ll>t k rr.:1> . .'\n,l .un wdl plc.i><:d abd, rhm \'< Ill ,tCC<1UI1[ \<lu r:,.:h· rher..:in fully ><Hi,ti.:d. Bur wh.:r<:a> \llll ll1lll'c m.: (a, from her l'vl.tjc>ty) w m,tle ><line ,kmtllhtrari,m in rh..: principal puinr (as it pka:,..:s Y<lll t11 r..:rm ir) uf my ,cienc..:, tll rh.: .:nJ her 1\ l.tjesry might he rhe bener :,arbri..:J, and !,1r the >ll d.Hng pnunt><.: m.: (in h.:r 1\!Jjesty', lx half) grac i1lU> fan1ur, incr<.:<be uf htHh1ur ,mel li1·ing, I dHt> atbll't.: r: it h..:r htghn.::,s huJ >pedheJ any p.trricular hy h..:r gr,ll.:i<~u> uwn direct ur indin:cr kn..:r, whe rein h..:r :,a[l, f,tcti<•n haJ C••Jb l>l<.!el, ir , h,Ht ld hal'.: t.tken :,uch performance a, the .!..:,Ire> <If ><I great a 1\ bj.:,ry, <tncl rh.: shmv uf my re<J I love and luy<tlry tnwards h.:r might an\ way requirt!. Bur b..:cau>t.: yuur lorJ,hip's letter> :tr..: tu< 1 we;~ k in rh,n b.:half, and fm that rh.: pr,>ceedings are so entangled with 1 h~: W»ing elf " •lilt! worthy man':, wd l known anJ un:,t.Jinahle cre,llt , I rh,1ughr it rir tu wk..: a l'<lll>e umil I leJrn fmm her 1\1ajesty l~u·m,tlly wherein lmighr h<lll<Jurably :,.:n·..: an,l :,at isfy her graci<lUS htgh-11<.:» <thr,l<hl, being :,.: ttJ.:d <tnd c.mtenr..:J already with su llici..:nr r.:puta-ti<lll J nel linng.

D\<.:r ••·turn.:,l t <~ l'ragu.: 111 N, l ,·~:mh~:r . Ac..:,;relmg I•> :,argent, Dyer t~llan,ll-.:..: lly '11 ,!v.:ply in 1 · ,1lv~:d with rh..: Empcrur that h.: CLHdJ lltlt hal'c ld r the Empir.: ~:1· .:n ho~J h..: wi, h.:d tu. "Whence cam.: rh~: <lriginal :,ugg.:stiun une cann<>t s;Jy, hut bcr11·.:cn the tll'u, Kd ly and Dyer, they hi t up<m an ingeniuu> :,olutim1. Smce Kdly cnuld n<>t cJrry ,1\\'JY hts :,e.:rer, it wa> pmpu,..:J rh,tt Dy~:r ,hnukl enter in!ll C<l llaburu ti<>n <~n rh.: e:qwrimen t>, with rhc .:xpccratic>n th<lt Dyer , h,lLI IJ ..:1·.:nrually lc:.arn the nt.:rh,,.l uf rransmut,ltiun for hin~:,di. Dycr was Jdighred wnh thc: pt'<l>pcct. Eel ward Dyer accordingly e>tabli>hed him,df in Ke lly', hclu:,e-hniJ, <~nd under Kdly'> tutelage: plungt'J int<l the myst..:ric> of alch..:micallabllur. T he whole winrer 11'<1> gi1·..:n lWer w the pursuir."M

lr seem:, unlikely rha r Kdly wouiJ have ,hareJ hi, , ecr..:r,. But they ..:..:r-t:unly JiJ 11'<1rk wg~:rh..:r. Kdly later r..:called this p.:rind in a leuer tll Dyer, September 14, 1595 (BuJieian Li br<tr\ MS A,hm,Jie 1420, p. 328): "Yea, honor-ablc ::.i r, \'<Ill kn,nl· ve ry well , ll'har Jdighr we t<lllk tugcd1..:r, when fr,Hn the merab >imply calcincd intn P<lll'dt!r airc:r the u:,ua l manner, distilling the liquor , ,1 pr~:p; tr..:d wi th the samt! we cum·t!rtcd appropriate b,Jdie> (as 11ur asrmnvmy int'enc1r re~h .. hc,) im,, m..:rcury rhei r tir,r marrer."

Dy..:r's itw,Jh·..:m<;:nt with Kd ly i> the subject uf <me ,,f Fr.Jnt.:i> B<~ccm', ApoJ>hr/t.:gms:

S ir EJwa1J D1.:r, .1 gr.l\'<: ,mJ wi,c g<!mleman, clid much hclic1·.: 111 Kdly the .t lch..:mi, r, that he ,liel ind..:eel rh.: Wclrk, ..1nJ maJ..: gukl: in>umuch that h..: w..:nr 1nru Germany, 11·herc: Kdly then \\'<!>, to ini<)rlll h imsdf fu lly th..:reuL After hi> r..:rurn, ht: Jinc:d with my l<1rJ of Cantcrbury, wher..: ar rhar time ll'as J t the r;tble Dr Brnwn rhe phystcian. They idl in talk uf Kclly. S ir Edwar,l D\..:r, turning w th..: archbi>hop :,aid, "I J u d:,:,ure Y<lur gra..:e, rhar rh.tt I , h<l ll tdl you is truth , I am Jn .:y..:wirness therc:<li; anJ if I h~tJ n<lt :,ccn it, I :,huuld n<1t hal't! hdie1·c:d it. I saw 1\l r

l ll

1-.:dl\ pur of rh.: h<~><.: m.:t.tlmtll rh.: CIUt.:th~e ; .Jncl .!IL<:t ll 11,1> ><.:1 ·' l tH~, upun the tire , ~nJ a ,·..:ry >lll<~II qucu~rHy nt m..:,hctn.: pur ~~~ · - .''.n'~ , >£1 1-' "-: with a snck vt ll'll<ld, ir cam.: f<Hth tn grcJ! pr<lp<>rll<ll1, p~:ll~:...r o '-1U, I• the wuch , t•l tht: humm.:r, tu the tl.!>t.

1\ly 1,1rJ archhi,hup :,,tiJ, "Y,1_u h<~d nc:eel t.tkc: .~) e~:cl wh,H \"ll '·' · Sir EJwarel Dyer, fo r here: i> an tnnJd at rh ..: h,J,trcl.

Sir EJwarJ l)ycr ,aid ag.Jin plccl>.Jiltl\, "I 11'<1uiJ h..11.: llll1k.:J h ·l ·••· tnh,ld ><l<H1er in any pla..:c: than ar yuur gr.te~: ', r.thle."

"What say yc1u, Dr Bwwn?" ,ay> rhe bi,hup. Dr Brown J n>ll'..:rt:J , after h i> blunt anJ huckllmg mannc·r, "TL,·

gcnrleman h<l> >('<lk..:n cn<lUgh i.~r me." "Why," ,ay> rhc: bi>h<>p, "What h.~> h..: ,,uJ ~" "1\!.ury," :,ay> Dr BrllWn, ''h.: ,,tiJ , hc W<lukl 11<1t h,11· ~: h..:l tc:l -. J 11

h I . 11 I .. ,, exc.:pt h.: au :,ccn tr , a> n<l llll>rc Wl .

) F l I ~ 1 )-91 ,. ·I!<- \\Tllt .: ru Bur .. hk•· il\<.:11fllllllllg " I h.tcl r'llq . .; <>tt <:l> ' ' L n ~ )ruary u, , "-t.: , o 1' l l.:r you und..:r3 ranJ in n~y la,r lerr..:r rha.~ I 11'•1ukl , hurrly >cn~l \<lU t '"t >.'"n' •'<l<>cl thing Y<lll ,lc:, irecl tel l" ynu lrl he.tlth (Bnrt:,h Ltb~ary, t--.b Lnbcltl\1 n~. oo. ~•' · 58, f.1Is. 164-65). In 1\lay 1591 Burghley wn1te ag.Jm t <~ 1-.:clly: a clr,ttt <lf the kner survive:, (1\ IS Lms,klwn.: 103, n<L 72):""

1 hal'c eau:,..: t•, rh.mk yc~u, ,mJ ,.11 j,1 1·.:r\ h.:.trUI\ t.c1r \• •ur g•1"J , km. t letter :,ent tu m..: by <Htr C<luntrymJn, 1\lr H.uyJ,m: 11hu nuke> :>Lil:h ~,.,,J rep11rt ,lf you, (.1; due> every nrher man rh.n h.l> h,tcl ~ C• nn·..:r:,,l! '' 1n 11 H h you), a, rh.u I Jm C<Hnfnrr..:J m h..:ar their r..:pclr!>. \er I h.11'C rhe ,,,n tc mingleJ with ><lllle grief. that nnne ,J( rhem c.lll gti'C m..: any >:"•'-' a:,:,uranc..: ,J( Y<1u r rerum hith.:r; rh..: thing lllll>t earnc, tly Je, tr..:J •lf ,,11 well di:,pu,..:d p.:r><li1S rn the Queen's Majc:,ty, anel tll rh..:tr uluntrym.:n · · .. . AnJ I h,1pc t<1 hear lr.Hn you w ha\·e ><lmcrhing <lt \< lur .1ppr, ,[,,Hh ti ro , rrengrhen me .1inre the n..:xr wmter again:,t my ,,IJ .:nemy rh.: go~u t. which i~ rarhc:r f..:J by a cuiJ humuur than a hut, anJ p~mctp.tll\ 1", ·• rheumatic head, which l ab• 1 rh ink rc:ceil'l.!> hi> tmp._:~·t..:cn<m tr .. m ·' swma..:h ll<Jt fully Jigc>ttng rhe ll>oJ recei1·eJ. Bu_r w alnrm wh,, ~ I t,,k, to bt! the must direc t cause i>, <>ppr.:ssiun wnh alt.tlf> anJ lack nt hh.:n \ again>t the which n<l medicin.ll receipt can >en·e. AnJ ycr l wtll h.: ..:1.• I m make ll>l! of any yuu wi ll :,end me, with Y•>ur ,J:,:,uranc..: th.tr 1t ,h.,ll J,1 me no harm.

1\ l.nth..:w Ruyclcm, wh.1 h.td Jdt1·ereJ Kdly', kttcr tnHn l 'r<~guc :' ·''· lt~ .: 1• .. _. .t po..:t ancl a member uf tht! SiJn..:y circle. Hc IIT<l_t.: ,tn d~gy on :,dn..:y , d<--•ll .. "A FnenJ', Pa»l<ll1 f,Jr hi> A,trophcl." H..: w.t> ,1 lric:nd ut C hn, !clpher 1>.1.trl" "' and George Chapman, he wa:, linked 1\'tth L<lrJ Su .mge JnJ ~,tlegh\ '·::>,,\.. .. ~ of Night," ... nJ he i> gc:nemlly hd~.:ved tu have been part of Wabtngh.un' ·'' " ' Burghley'> imellig..:nc.: nelii'L1rb."' . . . ,

Wa> Eli:ah..:rh's ,eni<lr ,ratc>tncm r.:.JIIy -!t,cu,mg ht> g<1ur ' ' uh K-.tl Wlluld a pc>lirical rigurt! re1·c:.tl a ,lt,abling > i~l nc» by ktt..:r, ><> r.:;dtl , llilei · ceptihl~:, tll an expatriate alch.:mt>t wh,, rdu:,c:d tLl r.:rurn hllmc:. U r '' d ..

t-. IY::iTIC.-\L t-. IETA L OF GOLD

ktt..:r <llil"l ll1g Clllkd [lll liLic d ~p..:.:uLH iuns? b th.: rh.:umari.: h<.:<kl Rud,Jif the impert"..:cdy dige:.ring ~.r,ll\tach Rudult's <ILh·ist!r:., and tht! lad uf libt!rry a ~umm..::nt <l_n B,1hemian atta irs? At,d due:. that imply that Kd ly w.t:. opera ting as an .tg..:nt ~~:r Burghky in Prague, "a highly-placed a:.set in the ..:ourr of Emperor Rudolt, ,\:, C harle:. N1d1,11l ao>..::rts, with the knuwn agt!nt Roydun a.:ting as cuuri..:r ?"'

R,1lxrr Hullkc certainly rhuught ><l. He ~p<.:cuLlleJ th,tt Dee', o::ntire >pirnu.d rec,>rJ , \\"t!re CllLied ~lCC•>un t> ut P<lliti..:a l el·ent>: ' 'AnJ ll'hen h.:: returned, he leit Kdly with thl.! Empet"<1r, whu lllr se1·..::ral years after kept Cllrre:.pL>nd<.:nce with Or Dee here, \\"hich might plh:.ihly C1.mtinu.: ro ..::xecute rh<' ~am.:: de,ign; Kdly being 11ll\1' gmll'n Sir Edwa~~ Kdly, ~nJ the Emperor's chymi, r. AnJ in prubabil-liY Dr D<'t:: nught hal'e ,uthciendy furnished him wi th cryptography enough tu send what uuclltgence,. he pkas<'d, ll'ithuut :.u,picion, \\"hich w,ts easi ly cun-c~~l'eJ un,ler any 1Hh~r teigned ,r,Jry." In pruhability, perhaps; hur Hullk<' nel't::r utters any exampk s ,1t rh<' a ll..::gcJ crypr,lgraph, decudcd. Nunetheless, rhe >pecu-lau,m I> n11t an unpos, ll:l..: one. The rhird vulume ofTrith<'miu,' Scegwwgraphw, ll>ten,lhly .1 >equ..:nce llf tables h1r summoning up ,pirits, has now bl:'en ren:akd tn be a " :'>rk of cryptllgr.lphy. This ll'as the book rhar Dee ha,! tried m acquire in 1563 f,lr Burghley (SP 12/27 i,11. 63 ). •~

l)n ~lay 12, 1591, Burghley 1\Tllte ,lt length tu Dyer:•·

I h,t,·..: recei1·.:d Y<lllr tll'<l letter>; the uno:' ,1f rh.:: I )rh, rh..: urh..::r uf rhe 1_6rh. By, h<lth \\"hich I perct! il·e you huld fast yllur tir, t up iniun ,>f Sir ELlwarJ Kdly, namely, a, ynu \\"rite, k>r that worthy truth in him ar rhe highc~t pninr rhar ha,_ been bd-.~r<' you reported: anJ rherl'tu you add in the :.ame letter, rhar fllr h i, perfect k11'e toward:. ht:r Maje,ry you think there cannut be fnlli~J bdt.:r in any man; move me ro expec t certainly hy yuur means a p.:_Iicct reS<lluti<>n in Sir EdwarJ K. wirhuut all scruples t<l r.:turn ro ht, na_u,·e cu~mtry; tu hon<>ur her Majc~ry, as a (,lyal natura l >Uhjecr, Wi th the fru it> ut . uch gr..::at kn,>wl..::dgl' a:. GoJ has given him.

ligh t .md l'<:ry t'abe rumcur~ C<trneJ thither; the f. tbehu,Jd ut' SlllllC llf rh..::n~heing hy 11\l' e1·en ar this prc>enr J1s..:m·~::reJ , that my LurJ Chancei-J,,r (SirChrisropher Hathm] ;holl'ed me in a lener irom yuu brought II'Ith m1nc whl'rein Y<>U wro te, that Sir Edw. K is infonn..::J that my Lord Chance!lllr _ha~ Utl l'reJ divers reproachful speech,;:, even afnre her ~lajc.ty: whereut my k>rd b notably wronged. For nn my f~l ith I nev..::r heard my l<>rJ u~e any el·i(,,•orJ, of h im: and he him,di, up<H1 the receipt •>f \ uur kn..::r, I~ as ;lnd do,:s avow it upun his faith and hun<>ur, and s11 l~ <b pr<)[C~tcd akll·e her Maje,ry; anJ rhar he never uttered any n::pruach-ful wnrJ,, e tth..::r af,H·c her M.1jc ry nr out of her pre~ence. Wh ich ab<l her M<Ije,ry in my heanng has conhnneJ, ne1·cr ro have heard his lorJshtp ro h.11 e ,Jepra\·cd hi m.

I'

But Burgh!..:) JtJ .:un<...:Jc that .J,,ubt , h.t,l h..:l'n e~pre,,.,.,l. ::h •lll<- l'"• , h.

t" \\ hltl', ",eeming tll thml,. the aCt illl1 llll('lbSih(e hl pl'tl~ll'lll , \dH.:h I> rCj'< tl<.J

, 11· ::i1r Edw. K. , concl.!ive rhar tlll')' ll'htch m.1kc r.:p.m of thetr l1Wn e:-..:ell<. n<-< 1'\ , euing rrammurarion ut m<.:: tJb mro g,1JJ by hun J,> n<>twnh, t,:mJmg <.:llnt <..LJ w11 h rh<' repurtl'r~ that rhey arl' de.:l'iw d; and "> may be h l u,. AnJ Bur,;t. l... l .:unclud..::d that , ii Dyer wa, unable tn per>u.tde 1-:dly tll r~rurn, ·"lmu, r cerr.un l, thmk that he cmn'H perinrm rh,H which )'>u cuncei1·e llf hun, hut th.H h) >ullil .:unning, ur, a~ thc:y ,ay, k g<!rdem.t in , buth y,>u .tnJ ,tllurher~ h.tn: been J_. Lei,·eJ , as rhe wisl'>t in V.:nicc ll'cre thl' la.r )e.Ir: or ebt! I mu>t m my hc.•ll (which 1 Wl1uld be mo>r hHh t<> .J,>) C<li1Lil'Inn hun, a> an unnarur.tl hllrn ll•-'I' t<1 hi, country, and a very di>k>yal ,ubjl'ct tu ,\ mu>t ':inu1>U> guJiy l..Jd). h1, >lll't::re ign." And he concluJI.'J with rh.:: r..::que>t th.n ".1t you cant1<lt uht..1 ~11 :::> 1r E,lw. Kelly's return per"JI1,llly, yet rhm you Wl>uiJ, ll>l' _m.lmten.lnCl' ,,, \ ••lll .:r~::d ir, procure ,nme ,m,JII, th,1ugh very ,mall puniun ur the pcm_Jer tll m .• \.. , ,lemun,rrarion in her ~lajl'>ty\ own >iglu ut the perkcnon ut ~l> \..n' " ' 1-l'dge .. . . I wi, h h.: wc>uiJ, in >tlme ,ecret bL>X, ;c:nd tl> h..::r 1\laJe>t)', t.>r a tdken , 0 mc such P•>rtiun <~S nught bl' rn ht!r ,t :.um rea><>n<~bl.: t<l clefr<lY her ch.tr,:e> tl>r th is Mllllllll'r fur her n,t,·y whkh I> n<>W prl'paring [ll the ~l'a t<> \l'tth~r.mJ rh1: strung navy ,l( Sp.tin, di,Cl >l·c:rl.!J uplll1 the C<l<l>t> betw..:en l3rirann) .111.! Curnwall ll'ithm rhc>e rw,, Jay>. But wi, hers anJ wnulder> were ne,·er t;ll<d hmt>ehuklers. "'11

There are v.lri<lll> highly cul,>red rh,1ugh unaurhenu.:.lted C:c.:h >t,>ne> " ' Kclly ar rh.:: height 11i hts ~uccc:». j ,1,d Svarc:k, wnrmg in rh~ .' 890, , h,1, hun buying a brell'ery, mill, ancl pr,1p.:rry in j fl,ll'e anJ gr<tdu<~ lly gammg a l\Hll1ul'''' > over the food trad..: in the district, rab mg pric<',, ign,>ring the [W<Jte;nng r•'l' U-Iace. When he was m>r nn hi> estate> ht! wa~ in Pragu<', indulging in urgle> " ' wine and women. h ·an S\'ltak annbute> Kdly', unLklllbted wealth tn ht> rc -procl.'ss ing waste from the J ikll'e mines, retrieving g.>ld hy rh.:: U>e of mcr.:ur\. RepureJiy Kelly bLHighr a how.e in Dubyrci rrh, rhc: C urie Marker, 111 \\ h tch none other than Dr. F.,u, r 11·a, ~uppll><.:d h> hal'e hvecl. He b >ili<.l r,1 h.,," bet:n less than enrhusiasric abuur the ,·arillli> urher travel ling akhenll>b 1d , .. convc:rge<ILm Pragut:. Mamugn.ullJ he kept at a di, t.m<.:c:. Slllularly, wh,·n ~ ll ci1Jd SenJivugius arrived in 1590, Kdly is ,,uJ ro have 1,1Jged hun m <ll'le · •I his h,>us.::s at Jilul'e, r,1 prel'enr h i> becoming a n val f,Jr Rud,>lfs patr<lll.lg<. .

Events nnw tuuk a dramat ic rurn as RuJ,J(f Llr,lcrcd Kdly', arre,r. Tl. , ..::a rl i.:sr r~::porr is in "The true Cllp)' ui a letter wrmen fnm1 Frankiurr , thc I jd, of May," 159 1, now in the Bri ti>h Lt brary.~ ' Juhn Srrype <~ttribureJ 1t t<l .... n English merchunr, a> it ,.,.ems, at Frankfurt ,""' pre>tun,lbly becau~e the upc1Wl, paragraph d..::clare>, "T,1 Prague l came 'm rh.: 28th Apri l, makir~g 111) J<lllrih:) sn as I might fall in with rh.:: l'nll of rhe Lcip:ig marr becau>e ot lhe uc.:.<>t-•r, iur Frankfurt with the merchant, ui c,1l,1gne and Srra, bourg." Th b oltnl•uu, n h.t> ne\'er been Ji, puteJ. llowl!ver the: letter 1> mo>t prub.1bly fmm He_nr) \\ · t· w n . it is written w Edward Worron, hi> h .1 lf br,1ther, with wh.m1 he lre, l""n,l corre:.ponded, and rhe ref..::rencc in tt t•> 8,1ughrun ll,lu>t:: , hnw, a tamd1..1 nt ) wtth that family home uf rhe WLlttlll1~, wher..:: Henry <mJ Edwi.lrd 11ert: hr11u,.,l.t up. The knu\1'1\ timet.lble of w.mon', trJvt:b >llpport> the cnnJeC!Ure. L .. ., .• r.

64 1\IYSTIC:\L 1\ IET:\L ()f Gl)Ll)

1\:. t r~.dl Suuth llrll<-'> th.it ".tt rhc cn,l <ll April, I ) 9 1, \X1,H tun ktr \' ic:l111.l .me! wc:m f<l Prague:; ;Jncl 111 June: ,,r· rhi~ y<.'ar 11'<.' tin,! him again at Fr.mkfun, whl'rl' he: ~<.:<.' 111> L•> ha,·..: .u-ri1 <.' cl hd ur..: th.: encl <)i May, anJ where, a~ he \\Tit<.'~ tu Bl,ltiu,;, h.: h.lll >ulf<.'reJ fr.>m a ~..:1·c:r..: ;md ..:xpcnsil'e illne•~ nf . 1 nhmth\ dura-riun." Th.: lare>r biugraph.:r ,)( w,m,m, G.:ra lJ Cur:un , a.:.:epb my iJc:mifica-ri<ll1 ui W urwn as thl.! aurhnr.'';

.-\1 my li 1 ~ t C!ll11111g, I w;J> .t,h-em~c,l th.lt thl.! r..: 1\'l.! rc m;my Engli~h tn Lhl.! ruwn. Up. m which lmeanr m•r rn cl bc<ll'e r my,di, rill I h.1d >llUncll.!d our 1rh.1r rhl'y werl.!, the ~ t at<.' rhcy h,1r.:, anJ what culll·~e th.:y ru,lk. W" rJ 11'<1> gil'en m.: rhar .me 1\ lr Dyl.!r wa> in S ir EdwarJ Kdly'> hlllt>l.!, .mcl anothl.!r p.1g.: ll'lth .me uf rhc Le.:> in the t<lWn and tii'Ll <lr rhrl.!l.! ntl1l.!r capr.1in~ which d,partc:d (<~> lwa~ informl.!cl) char Ja} to Nurnbcrg: I ,lt, l chink the next J .ty t<l Ll t't"cr my Jury tLl Mr Dyer, in mean wh it..: h;tpp..:ncd rhi, ;dterati<m. Hi~ Maje~ty •111 rhe lasr nf April abtJU t nvdve oi the: ci,Kk ~..:nr rhc: mu~r parr Llf 1 he genrlemen oi the gu.trd ancl rh.: Ll rh.:r ,lnwn fr,lin tit.: court ca,tk r<J Sir EJwarJ Kdly's h,lu>c: with (<lmlllandmcm Ill hring him up bnun,l, rh.: cau>c Cll!KcaleJ , rhc hou~e chu~cn a~ it wa, thnughr th.tr h!.! might h..: t;tl..l.!n ar Jinn..:r. And bc:ctu>l.! it >c:cm..:cl ,,,mcwh.tL a lu rJ pr,KccJing rn l.!nrer rhc hLlll~l.! ,1i a .:uuncillor tli l.!>tJtl.! wirh thl.! guarcl ;llnne, thl'y h;~c[ joinc:J unw rh..:m rhe captain ;m,l li..:utl.!nanr <lf rhc .:.tstlc, [1J'llVLlSt uf thl.! t<111·n, anJ >l.!cremry in rhe scare Lli B,1hep1ia.

The <lfticer> ..:,>min.~ in l~luncl him nllt rher..: bur d> ~<Hilt: ~aiJ upun mrdligen.:e irum J >ecrer fnenJ 111 thl.! .:uurr JcparreJ a lmll.! bl.!iur.:, which by rl.!as.mui thl.! lm l..: Ji,;ran.:e bt:t\l'<.'en thl' court anJ Sir EJwarJ', l<K..lgi ng (b ... ing l1ll turrher than irom B<lugh tun house ru the 1·ineyarJ) was unprol'abl..:, e~pcc ially bdng nm abl.: to gu, so that ~ume rime must hl.! >penr in thl.! preparatllll1 nt a h<lrs..: nr coa.:h. O thl.!rs >aid, rhar he was Jc:parreJ rhe n ighr bc:ture wh k h in,ll.!l.!d wa, thl' right rrurh rhnugh ,kme "' M.>..: rl.!rly a, his uwn Lunily \\',\> kept from ir. The! officer tinJing nut the prin.: ipal >t.: i:c:J < 111 rh.: ;KCl.!»llri l.!>, huuncl hi> sen·ant> and l..:J them up ru pri s<m in >ighr u t the 11·huk wwn, >eall'J up rhe Jllor> ,1f ev.:ry ch.unher, ll>t:cl ..:htei c:-.rr.:mity Ll\1 hi, brother, n•lt wirh,lut speech that he wa,; rurrurccl which yer wa> falsi!. Mr Dy.:r wirh hb ~l.! rv;mr> was commanJt!,l t•l keep the h,Ju~c nll iurrher h!.!a ring ot his tlbjesry\ plc:a->Ure. S,m\c say, he kq1r in up<m his Gwn wisdom and ju,lgeml.!nr which rhe s..:crl.!tary ui Bohemia w lJ m.: him~df, bur I Jare nm alti rm ir, b<.'catbe I hl'ar ut per>ell1> in grear aurhuriry rhe contrary. lr may be he was unly aJ munishecl wirh,,ur C< lfl\1\\dnclmenr or .:hargt: and rhencl.! ir aro.c:.

H i, Majesty aJ \'l'rti>l.!cl rh;H h!.! was gnne is ~a id w have: curscJ in rhe Dutch manner, ga1·c f,mh present ordc:r ro have rh!.! highway> • ..:t, plaCt!S >U~pl.!Ctecl [ ll harb,Jur h im 1\'l.! rl.! >!.!arched in the [Llll'\1 1 a pUS[ cli~patche,[ wwarcl rh.: Earl Ru:mberk his parrnn wirh a letter fr,1111 the Empemr <li thl.!>e cum cm, th.lt ri he came unto him, he ,hnuiJ Jelrvc:r h im up<H\ his allcgi.lnt.:l.! ru rh.: ..:rm1·n llf B,lhl.!mia.

Th.: tumult bemg ,wer, whc~L , h ,nt!J he rht: t.:.lu~c: \\',to the n-.: "1 ylll.!>tiun. To be w.:ighry anJ heinnu> ir 11'.1> Cllnj~crurecl, he<.:<.lU>'-' rr 11 ·'' contrary [l) rhe Emperor's hum,,ur anJ CLlUr>e <ll the h<lli>L! lll :\u,tn.,, w pr,Kc..:d in cnminal marr.:rs ..: irhc:r >Ll l'i,ller~dy Llr ><l g..:n.:ra lly . T h.u it rouchl'J rh<-' Empc:mr\ <lWn per>cln w.l> mantl.;,recl hy ke..:pr ng H c!"•'-'· ar ll';1sr by inr.:rpreration n:cl.!ivc:J no nrherwi.e. The cauo<.:> gil'en lurrh w<.'re rhe~.:. Som<.' saiJ ir wa> f.1r J<.'bt, which thnugh ir ll'<.:rl.! pr.lb.thl} spokl.!n bl.!causc I tind rhe >uppuwtion Lll hi~ Jd1r in the l<lll'll t•l ari>c: t" rhirry-rwo rlhlu>anJ Jnllar., which h.: llll'l.!> t<l twu C~ll<>gnc m..:rch.mt> rhar rraJ..: with j..:wd~ . yl.! t d id tll'<l rca>•H1> m.tkc: e\'lJt:nrly ag.11r1>t 11. Fir>t hecausc he 11'<1> known t<l hal't! much 1\ILlf<.' in pn;,enr mun<:y .mJ land> rhan h is Jl.!bts C<llllC unrn anJ !1<1 l.!nrry m J i,t-rainmcnr hearcl .>11

upun hb unmovable, which <ICt.:LJrJmg CLl rhc: pr,lC<.'» of dur cw11 n Llu,;ht w have: bl.!l.!n in the: C.l>e ni J.:bt. S..:conJly w th.: Empl.!n1r h..: w.1~ krh l\1 n to ha1·e L111'l.!cl l1Llth ing 11Llf l.!v..:r w h.II'l.! pur him in any .:harg~ ,,t,·e l;1r CLlals anJ hou~c: n1lll\l, and it W<b 11llt hi> tllaJl.!>ty'> mannl.!r en l<lllLlll' the actions oi his own subjl.!Ct>, being prince and prucur;Hur Lll hr> p!.!uple.

O d1l.!ro saiJ rh.H the Duke oi Bav.ma ..::-. cun inmg rh.: g•1lJmaker ' '' Venice {whum h.: executed at ~lunich rhl.! 25 ,lf April) h.: c<mfc ,..,J unw him rhar h!.! We!> ~wurn in nne lc:.1gu.: wirh tllr Kdly wh1..:h the: Duke: signifying h l rhe Emper,lr ,huukl d!.!sirc in hr~ l..:rrl.!r tLl h .1ve hu11 imprbond. Of thb I can ndth..:r tinJ rhe f.1beh,,uJ l1L>r rrurh.

A rhirJ gJV<.' t~mh rhat Mr Dy!.!r ha,! hr<lughr unto hun rh..: Qu..:..:n\ lerrers to call him hnm..:, which CLlll1ll1g w the Emp.:mr\ car> JnJ l11' MaJl.!sty ~eeking ro htnJer it, impn>cmmenr ll'a> thought f,Jr the pre,..:nt time a go.lcl mean> t<l sr,1y h is departure anJ .~fr..:ni'Md he nughr hl.! rall....:J furrh l.!r wirhal. Thi~ l takl' t<l have: b.: ... n ><HIIc ui h1, in.:nJs' 111\'c:nthlll m still rhc: peLlpll' from ~pl.!aki ng rhe ll't lr~r <lf h im. W hl.!thc:r ~lr P }er br,1ughr them m no, I cannot oay. Tht! Fr..:nch agent h.h athr~nc:J 11 llh >t con.ranrly unto me as likewise char the Empernr was Cl.! rt iheJ <>t tr. .-\ J ocror's ,.m in rhe t<lll'n t<1lJ me, h!.! kn..:w the Quc<.'n'> hanJ .me! r .. .. J

rh.: lerrers kll'ing ~cr\'..:J Sir Phtlip SiJncy >omcriml.! in Engl.mJ h\ wh,J>e ml.!an, he came: tu rhe >ighr oi >uch rhmgs. I J ar..: ndt h•~>r..:n t .. believe it, rill I hear further grnunJs of truth, b.:cdltS<.' bemg lerrc:r, " ' s<.'t.:r<.'cy, t-.lr Dyer a gend.:man of rar.: J i,cr..:ti<11\ \l'nuld hav<: h.mJI...J tt so as rhl.!y shoukl n<lt hal'l.! cume (,,nh, ar lea~r bl.!en knuwn th.H he J~cl bn ng d1..:m which might endangt!r h im,df. Till c.:rtain aJvrce I wdl [..,IJ lhl.! opiniun rhar Sir EJward Kdly ha~ <H ><1\ll..: rime <1r other ,·aumc:J ,,, hi~ t.Ibk nr in hb cunvl.!r>atiun wirh other>, rhar rh..: Queen ha> >t:nt 1. r him (a~ he is a man who r,tkl.!s as I h!.!ar a pl.:a>ur..: in >pc.1kmg th . .t prin.:cs Jc:si rl' him.) Huw>ol.!v.:r ir bl.!, ir i> likdy in rhb e<~>e mu.:h 1,, hurt h im, rh.: Emp..:rur hdng a»uredly iniurm..:J rhar h..: l> ><.:lH ,·,,r.

Thl' inurth eau~..: all<.'gt!J was char h.: haJ m h is rahll.! ~pok ... n pt:t 11"" ' ,,.,1rds again>t rh..: Emper,lr, anJ rhc: P .. 1ples which is rhc >l'C•111J ,·,,nul) of B,lhl'mia who being thl.! <llJ l.!n<.'mi<.'> of rh..: Ro:mbl.!rks ancl b..:mg th t> pre~enr the principal oitic.:r. of that ~rare cl> onl.! a pn1·y Lllun..: dl •. r.

()() t-.1\'STICA.L t-. 1ET.-\L ( ) f G()L[)

.llllHh.:r m.t, r.:r ,,f rh.: cmm, ,1 rhirJ LmJ c>tticcr, J fllurrh ,,f rh.:m pre:>i-JeiH in rh..: appdLni<m, h,11 ~ prc1·mleJ wirh rhe Emp~wr tu hJ1·o:: him impn:>on..:d; so under pretence of rublic ju:>ticc, [() r<.:l 't:ng~ their uwn pri1·are quarrds uptln rh e Ro:mberks who have be~n burh d1e setters up of S ir EdwarJ Kdly and the principa l maintainc:: rs oi him hitherto.

The:: tifrh reporr was th.1r h is Majesry having lung had a rh rubbing .,f the heart (:t, it wen.: an hereJrrary di:>easc:: from his father who J ieJ uf ir) by wh ich he uir~n ialls into a swoun, S ir EJwarJ Kdly J isri lkJ an uil inr ir which being :><.:nt unt<l the Emperor and Sir EJward's ..:nemies heing by per:>uacled h is Mdjesry it was appointed rn puison h im. Proof was mad.: of rh..: f,ll'CI.~ in ir and ir wruughr rhe ettl:cr of poisun. Sume :>aiJ, the throbbing of the hearr was given forrh fm a colour [l) hide a 1\lllre infamtlU:> J1:>ea:>e which I leav..: in J oubr. The circum:>tances bear ,hrewJiy about ir, l~ 1 r rh ..: oil I:> :>aid h l havl! had rhe virrue of acting in favour, ur orhenvbe, accurJi ng w the quantity, which for an inward clbea:>e suuncls :>clll\ell'h ar impmbably.

The ld:>t rea:>on uf his imprisonmenr wh ich I cuulJ by any means receive was rhar h is Majesty rhrec Jays before hi:> Jeparrurt: :>houiJ have :>enr ior him t<l makt: proof ,1! his art ar rh<! c. 1urr which one Scorro an Italian haJ d babbl h un in . 1\lr Kdly returned ans11·er he was sick and nur lung after tied . H t: was taken on rht: secund of May a r Sobeslav, rwdve miles frcll\\ Prague, a wwn bdunging ro Peter, Ea rl of Ro:mberk, a" he was in h b juurney tull''trJ William, Ea rl of Ro:mberk. Ar first he re,ist..:d rhc ,1fticer making answer he was a c iri:en of Boh<!mia and a wunc illor of stare. Hb thght \l'cb objected ro him which he JenieJ and ca llcJ it only a ,. i, iring ut h b patron the Earl which he might J o eid1er secretly nr orherwb~. A cuuricr wa:> despatchc:J in posr ro rhe C•lUrt to know the Emperor\ will whcl commanded him ro be bruugh t w his Ca, rle Pi.irgl ir: :>ituare duel! m ile:> from Prague. Mr Oyer wa:>, as I rake it, <ll1 the 2 uf l\ lay ' c:nr f,lr up to rhe court with rht: :>I!Crc: tary and an<lther CllUtKillor tho~r c.mJucti!J him in goc)J con venienr :>Ort home •lgain . The :>cc rcrary I :>pake withJ I afterward:> who commt:nJeJ him for his grave behaviour and answers .mJ aJJeJ this praist: uf him that h e haLl ,,1 great a grace in courtesy, as non potuim~~~ 111lo moJo par refen·e. Thuse were hb words.

Whar will be rhe condu:>i<ll1 I kn<lll' nut. The ankm b k :>e-m,ljesry 11 hich the Emperur inrenJ s. T u have him openly ext:cureJ there b nu fea r, bccause rhc: Earl • 1f Ro:mherk wi ll earne,rly inrerpo:>e him:>df, anJ in B,lhemia it is a rule rhar h is Majesty dares do noth ing wirhuut rhe Ea rl ', cunsent bc:ing burgrave of Prague, the immediJ te person and ofticer undcr rhe crown. If di t'i..:rcnce :>hould arise between the m, rhe Emperor ha, cause t<l rh m k upon his mvn ,ecurity, matters going not so as the pe<lple would, in rh~ regiment wh,, wair upun such dn occa,ion w work n change in the ' t<He . Se.::rcrly in rhe ca,d e it may be June anJ the Earl thl t know otherwise than rhat he lives o r is dea,l by dise;I,C, almo:>t grown nuw w b..: a commun practice in th l! Empire, and rh<! Palatine specially

l '

n<ltcJ rh.tr way. Th1, I kdf 1' etth..:r J,111c ,1lreo~J\ <lr wtlll c J,H•'-'· H , .. :>ervanrs , h ,tll n•l dnuhr be :>Ct ,H ltbe rry, un.: ,11' them I hc.1r \\,b r.t.:> .. eJ. Mr Oyer ar his r..: turn t'rum rhe cuun where he m,tde hi:> .ubll'cr b.:r<>r.: the counciii<Jr:> wa" n<lt fu lly free a, far a:> I cuuiJ h ear by th t: Frt:lh:h ag..:nr'" means. .

l r wa:> ,1 great cw"" rh.1r kept me trum l\lr Dyer, ~1r Echl ,\rJ Kdl \. and rh..: r.::>t o i rh..: Englbh. The aniun b.:mg rreJ:>Un d rew t.he \\ huk naulln into Jealuu:>y and io r my parr I had r.Hher be :>pcGJlllr ,,f ,1 rrag.:J\ rh an an acror. Neirht:r inJceJ C<JuiJ I wdl cume airer tht: apprt:hen>llll1 ro eirher rhe sigh t o r :>pt:ech of rhar hon,lllrabk gentleman . In Prague I founJ the stare uf the Empcrur's coun mlh.:rwbe quier anJ :>t ill , n<l •pec ... h of any m.trnage with Spain which wa" :>tirnng ~n Au:>triJ, 1\t.ln\ u rn.:c> void by dedth of great men ldtd y as the Earl u t T rivul>e , m,t,rer ut the: hnrse, rhe Lc1rd uf T rt:nriane ,1 Ccluncillo r Llf the: privy ch.unher, the: L •rJ of Oierrich, te in, mJ:>ter lit the court, rhe l'ice-chancdl.u· ,mJ <lthc:l >, gr..:ar way fo r prdermenr and whc)le suit mJJ e f,lr it and <ll1e re;bun t', 11 all, hb 1\laje:>ty is no go•1J pdyma:>ter \I hich make" mcn we.u y <ll rhc timt:. Th<! c~m:>rirution <li the Emper<>r':> b..JJ\ b lardy ch.mgeJ .mJ he: is g rclll'n very far rhc>ugh <~> it :>et:meJ unto me rathc:r puffed up rh,m tirm ll<!sh how:>Llever they call it at rhe court.

The <llTe:>t crea ted a :>en:>ati<ll1, anJ new:> ,Jf ir :>p rc,\J r.1p1LIIy. Burgh le:\ rL(L 11 L·J a rt:p,)rt frum Rob..:rt S iJney, the governnr of Flu, hing, Jat.:J tv!Jy 22 1 5'.11. "I had letters lardy from Aug,burg rh.1t the grcar Italian a lchenH:>_t Br<tg.tJm1 h .• J about a munth agLl h b head cur c>l'i at 1\ lunich by the Duke <lt 13,\\'ariJ', ..:o~llt mand ment anJ rhat abour tht: ,,un..: time Kelly h.d thclUghr tll h ,l\'c tlc:J hut was brought back anJ ir is th<lUghr tht: re he will run rht: ,,\11\e rac..: th.Jt rh.: other J iJ" (SP 84/-H, Col. 68).

'Junt: 4, 1591 , a repurt came trc1m 1\Lmhew G rcetl>llllth:

In my l.1>r letter I ll'f<ltc: you th.tr a frienJ ,1f mmt: wr,1re me tr,lln l'r.'-" ' that Kdly and Mr E. Dyer, <lr as h e wrme an Englt,h gcntletn.m, l·.:u t., suddenly departed tn 11n there w,1, po>t h a:>teJ a iter anJ ' rayeJ I \\ .:h.: miles from Prague where rc:maining three Jays rh ..: Empemr'" ple.t,ul' were bmughr from rhert: and carri<!d to a ca>tle prbcmer:> in Bllh.:llll.• Kelly's cunning being J oubreJ anJ hi" practiLt: lung :>u,pecrecl.

Th.: 2nd of this munrh I had news frnm a iriend at Colugne tl. ... t rhe 29th April last wa:> hanged at Prague a n Engl i:>hman ><~n:eun.e " ' great reputation by rhe Empernr ... accu:>..:d and cnnJemnt:J lur J11 et• matters uf treachery. So rhar I can nut juJge 1t nob,1Jy but Kdl). T h,·r, was abo anorht:r hanged with him on a new pair nf gJ ll<lll:> , ,, ,;rc:.•l heigh t and rhc chain whert:wirh the prindp.1l wa, h.mgeJ ,1ir"r he I\ ..c

strangled 11 ,h m· er all giiJ~J; anJ o\'er tht: gallow:> cnpper gL~ I ..I ..:L. .. n-hanged and hurrons, rmgs with such likt: na1 led on rh<! gall, m,, 11 hdl..:r th<!y were made uf purpo:>t: u r of Kdly's cuunrerft:iring I knuw n.>L. 1 :-P 8 L/7, fu l. 28)

~lY:)TlC.-\L ~lET.-\L 1...IF G1...ILD

it rurn.:cl llll~ tll h.: .1 l.1bc· r.:p" n - ~\'h.,cv.:r w.b h.mgc•,l, it w,1, n<lt Kdl y. Bur rh.: threat <~I >liLh a l.n.: rem.1in~!J t,u· him.

Thllma~ W.:hb.:"" wa, dc,p;H~h.:J wirh ktt.:r, frum \.}uec:n Eli:ab.:rh to en,ur.: the rdc~l><: <lf Dy.:r, whll was ~aid ltl h.: unJ.:r htlUS.: arrc>L~; Wchb.: repurr.:cl b.tck ttl Burghky, June 26 (Briti>h Lthrary, /\IS Lm.dt lll'ne 68, ntl. 93, tds. 110-11):

lt 1> f,u· .1 rrurh rcpt•n.:J rh;H :Str E,lward Kdly wa, .IC<:U>cJ h\ on.: ::).;,mu l<l rh.: Emp.:rur. Tho.: o.: rf.:~r •lt"hi, a~~u,,Hitllll> un.:..:rwin, )<!t ><>me r.:purr 11'01> ~hat h.: >huukl pracri~o.: t•l poi>lll1 rhe Emperor, anJ mh.:r, that it 11"<~> h1r J...:ht. Up,m which hb a~Cll>dtiun the Empo.:rtlr >ent li.>r him duke S1r EJwarJ Kdly always excusing him,dt rhar he wa, nur wdl, anJ wen~ 11llL Bur rhar night he h.tJ wmd ar miJnight char hc ll'a> ro be apprc-h.:n.k,l the n.::-.r ll1l>rt1ing, anJ s,> in>tanrly ckparrcJ with on.: man ro-warcb rhe Lurd R,1zmherk. The no.:xr Jay somewhat early rho.: Emperor >enr hi> gu~trJ fur hun in gro.:~r number wh,J brought with rh.:m nm only ch.un> ur lcner> hur ir.ms nt rorruro.:. AnJ tincl ing rhat he was Jeparro.:J they >e.trched ht, hou,c, br,>ke open his dnnrs, rhru>t rheir halberds thruugh hb bed, tlr in any place wh..:re ir mighr be supp•l>ed he might he hicl, apprchcnclll1g hi, hrurhcr and using much viuk:nce, in kadin" him ro pristll1 pinnacle_! like a rhiel, ancl rhere lefr in cha ins wirh all d1~ re,r nf his ><.:rvanr •. AuJ a gre,n guarcl wa> l.:ft uvcr rhc LaJy Kdly and ~ lr Dyer, who since has <llhwcrcJ .u~h objections as has heen laiJ ro him di\'cr> time, anJ as I hear rhrico.: in <me day, yer now 1 hear rhar Mr Dyer is mure l~ti"<Jurably enrreareJ anJ is in antlther llldging wh..:re he g•le> n<1t nur: neither can I certify unr.1 yc1ur htmllur rhdt he is re>tramed, n~1rher >hall 1 be ablo.: tcl certify unrn your hllnuur of rhe particularities ut ~lr Dyer's rr,luhlc umil 1 . hall have >puko.:n wirh hi mself.

Bur ru pmceed with Sir EJwarJ Kdly's apprchetbilln, a, I Jt~ co.:r-t.unly unJer,rand mtlrc· rhu •. Departing early he wenr , ix Dur~h mile_, l < 111".trd~ the LnrJ Ru:mberk rn a certain t<ll\'11 un,ler hb jurisJicrion where he being weary anJ without su,pecr he ro.:po,.:J him,df afrer cli1mer un a heJ and >kpr. In which rime rhc: Emperur', guarJ, enrerecl, took hun, entreareJ hun l'cr',' ill, cm his clnublcr open wirh a knife, sear~hing h~m, and rulJ hun they were by the Empernr's cununanclmenr ro carry huu back agam, de.tJ or alive, wh i~h they careJ lWC, anJ >O pri,oner.:J he W<~> carrieJ b<~ck ag.1in t<l a casrle abour of tivc: mile, from Prague, where he I> closely kept, withllut any manner tlf access m him. Bur he J'l\l\"ecl rhar he was going m rhe Lord R,1:mberk anJ rhar rhe LorJ Rll:mh...:rk ~cm fllr hun anJ rh.H he wa, expecreJ ar the >ame rime by rhe LorJ Rtl:mberl... A t whi.:h rime rhe LorJ Ro:mberk was sick which L<lll>t:cl him ro he ><.Hnewhar l.mg ere he ~ame ro the ca.rl c in which time ~11 Sir Edwarcl Kdly'> lanJs anJ gtKxb wero.: ><.:i:eJ t~l rhe Empcmr's behalt: _bur ' mco.: the LtJrJ Ro:mberk's coming a ll his men were enlargeJ, hun,cll bener cntreareJ, 11n ly JepriveJ of his liberty anJ t'rienJs.

I '

Smce whl.:h ( tme a. 1 ,1., l<.:.trn ::).: .. llll hun,dr I ' tkcl , ... 1' n. re~ ... can " I)' hnw ur whirher. Farther ar rhi, tune I c:mnur wnre. But J, , ,,td rhi, lcner t•l Y<lllr lorcbhip by a gendem.m <>ne ,1t S1r Edw.~r,l K.:ll ·. • men and wa, pri.uncr .unong,r the re>! l~>r rhe ,,1111e anJ wht~ perL..1 • can certify your hunuur nlllre at large ell .1ll ~uu r • ..:• hnho:n ll p.t>,<.:-1.

Th.:re b mnrc inf,mll.ll lt>n in ~~ krrer fr,Hil Thlllll.l> P.1gc·, .:.H.tl<~;.:u..:J tn rt., Public Re~t>rJ Oftice under July 2, 157o, rhtlLigh 11\ Hn rhe e1 cnt> ,le,.:ni·..:J d,, ~e.tr b ck.1rly 1591 (SP 12/IOo, tul. 119). FrcHII th l, a.:ccHIIH n etne1ge, tlt .• r rhere haJ been anempt> ttl iiWtlh-e "S1r EdwarJ Kdly t~u- rhc wc~rkmg hun r. be a iavourcr uf the arrempr ,Ji a true di,cm·er, t'c>r C hin,t ur the N,mh -.~td E.1,r parr rhcn.~,Ji lltherwt,e calleJ C.1th.1y, 11 hich enr..:rprl>e ur· hun greatly .._,,m -lllenJeJ, bur nnt allowing rh.: weakne .. of the .trrempr, per. uaJed rhe ~unrr.tr\ .mJ it became ro be >ll>penJed upun berrer ddiheranun, <~> .tbn ht> tlll n >edl.l hu,II1C>S, >~.ltncrhmg fo r d1e bo.:tter iurrhermg rherenf in tun.:." h 11".1> .>!k • 1 rhu,e .chem<.:s tlf explor<tli<m anJ tr.tJe 111 which Dee haJ h.:en 111\'<lh cd. PcrL.q·, the Engli,h h~.1peJ ru Jraw on Kdly's new fnund w..:alrh t<> 111\"e>t in lt. Ru..l .. lt\ ,u,picion> char Kclly was >till Jealmg wtrh rhe Engli,h I> ~ontirme..l, an.! the ,peeJ wirh whkh Page gur tlUt uf Prague >ugge>t~ rh ing> m.1y n<ll h.1\"e l'n:n utterly abuvc board. Page otto.:rs anorhcr ac~<lllnt ,lf the re<l><m fur Kdly ', .1rro1. "Lies here very fir m•Hter ro allege fur h i~ gl1ing ro the L>rd Rt~:mbcrk ~<liKernm _ ..1 co:ening pra~ri,eJ by .1 Pmrmg.1l la Purrugu.: • ..:l wnh certain cup> <ll. pult,h.:J horn resembling agate, anJ ,,,lJ l~>r agare by rhi, , ,uno: Ptlrltng.tl ttl Str E. K. t. the value nf 14 rhou>anJ Jullar>, rhc on..: lulf where.1t Sir E. K. p,ud hun, the resr robe paid wirhin a ,h,>rt pa~e. wh1ch rune .:xp1reJ rhc Purring.tl cl..:nunJe.t payment bur Sir E. K. J..:fcrreJ him, for rh.tr he perceiveJ rhe pill[ laiJ L<l ,I.: ... ..: I\.._

him, whi.:h n<.lt ycr npe 1\'oukl n,H t"e,tr L<l prcm.: 11, expecrmg rh.: Ctlllllng ul· rl.c LorJ Ro:mbcrk tll the rnwn , whu in rc.po.:~r he i, l'ic.:ruy Joc> J ct..:rmmc .• 11 c.mrrover>k> in rhe kingcl,un, rhc Purring.1l imp<lrtuneJ hi, p.tym<.:nr. :S1r E. !..: Jelayed him, sri l1 expecting rhe Ltlrd Ro:mberk ( <llllmg, fllr rhat rhe1r term "·" rhen w be ht>IJcn, wht> falling ,ick came nut. This paymo.:nr was urg.:J ,ull 1' 1 rhe Porringal in rhe cnJ by rhe m.:am of rhe Spanl>h amb.l:.<><iJnr .mJ rh..: r..~r . .t leg.1re. The Emperor WJ> ptl><><.:»cd wnh rhe Poningal's plaint, anJ a, Str E. K. ll'a> cerriticcl, haJ granro.:J ro >end fur him with >Umnw th, 1r ,h,Htld >t:en. Le prevented by Jerarring bcf,lre it .:am<.:, ha,rening ro rhe LurJ R, •:mherl.. r, CtHnplain him of his wr,mg, bur rhi, rhc least nt many pr.t~rt,eJ ag.Hlb t l1t< 1• .:onrrary whereof rhe Lord R,1:mherk had prtHni,eJ by <Mth 11 hen he tir,r c>t.d -lbhcJ him wirh rhe Empemr."

Page goes on Ccl give a»ur<liKe char Ru.._f,>lt" h.tJ inJeeJ ~ro.:.neJ l..:dl1

hi, uhjcCt, a knight tlt the Em1)ir..: .m~.! 11nc of 111~ pri1·y .;,Hm,d , 11.,

truth where, If i> 111.1[ re~eived almost with any in England. l:-ut I 1. .• 1 c rhis rea.on tcl lead me char ir b true by an incklenr rhar h.tl' l' '-'ncJ .• r .• banquet whither it ple.beJ Sir E. K. ro carry me with htm, 1-<lr D) er .. d., pre>ent, by the >ecretary 11( the Emperor, whu .:oming in rh..: l.•tter .:n.l theret>f, >aluted .1l1 the company bur ntH Sir E. K., bur b.:.;.> n L•> r ..... e

1\1) ~TIC.-\L ~ I ETAL ()I~ Lj()LI)

c·:-.cc·pt1.>11 rh.11 he: ,k,c: IT.:-lt<~ be: llhH'<.: rc:g,u·cl.:,l with S1r E. 1(. in th.1r he: ha,! ci<>J h' hun a I~IV<>U l in rhe quick cllop;Hch ,,( Ll mart.: r 11hich pa"..:J h1, pla..:e b.:ing o..:-=rewry, 11 h..:retd Sir E. K. an:.wereJ rhar in that he >l>uglu t<l teach him man ner,, he Ct>ulJ nt>t be opJn:cl, hut muor reil him he: diJ hut his Juty tu the Empc'l'<>r. The marr.:r :.rill aggravareJ wirh 111.111y ••ther ll'l>rJ, hy the ><.:cn::r.1ry, Sir E. K. bad..: hun remember he opake ft> .1 Cc>uncilldr ,,f the Emperur, with ouch urher clignitieo bct~lre n;lmecl, i~· n<>r he oht~td,l knllll' it wirh rhc price ,,f his life in rheoe expreos \''< or,b (If nut ) per Jeum a..: rum ..:or de re, whereupun rhe oecretary tl..:d tr<~m rhe table. The Emper, lr acqu;linre,l herewith, rhe secretary was chaotio.:d .m,l re..:uncd..:J himoelf r,, Sir E. K., all which I 11 rite in contir-mdriun ut rhe trurh that rhe Emper,>r ha, gra..:e,l him with theo..: Jignirieo ol huntlur. But yer within this busineoo there was, as ;1fter appeareJ, purpt>oed pr.Kt ice b1 rhe o<.:..:retary tu draw him Within ..:ompas, of rreaonn, 1nt.muing as ir b hy their law:. treason for any llf rh..:m w report rhe meermg u.t .:;~o.:h caber in CllUIKil, and rhe oe..:r..:rary aokcd him ar his tiror lll<.:<.:ting il he knt.:ll' him 1_wr, wh,.l knew him no utherwiot.: bur by meeting hun m_ cuuncd, 11 hich, if h.: haJ .:xpr.:ss.:J, he haJ been wirhin compass, hur rh1, nut grllll'll1g currenr it ohnulJ o.:em they han: pracrao.:J oclme orh.:r Cllll roe_ t< l hr~ng hun within breach of rh..:ir !Jws, by colnur whereuf th..:y nughr turce trclm him 11 hat G,x! ha, bleos<.:J him wirh I mean the phi lu><lph.:r'o >r,m.: which h .: p' >oseooc:. wirhnut qu<.:otiL>n t< 1 ;he contrary, wuh wh~e_h kn,>ld.:,lg.:, it G,,J ,h,>ulJ permit, h.: is ab!.: ro perfect all rh.: unpert..:cr m..:ral in the world, which f!1r my part I J,l nut at <.~ llmarvd at hur huiJ ir •_1,_ a t:arural secrt:t which GuJ h<.~s 1\:sen·eJ t< l be imparted Ull[tl the rru.: tanhtullahourers and Jdightt:!J in hio W<lrk nllt ddighring the ,,-,,rlJ bm LLllHemplating his Jiv ini ry .mJ unoearc:hahle works.

Th..: fugg<.: r h.111king ht>uoe a!,,, carefully uwnnured the cas.:. GulJ manut;Ktur-ing tuuch..:,l Llll th.:ir pmf..:ooilln;d inte r..:sr;. May 8, 1591, '-1 C<HTeopunJenr re-J1<lrte,l Kdly 's arrest anJ impri oonmenr: "H.: was n,,r l!\'<::n alluweJ a breaJ knife, '-''~ ':'ryrhmg ll'as taken all'ay. His o..:n·;uHs arc still h..:r..: under reorrainr. Bur hi, 11'11.: anJ <lther wum.:n ar..: kept under arrest ar hume. It wuuld appear that thcrt:! ., ><>m..:rh mg hdu nJ .1 11 rh is, wc Jo nllt yer know what." A letter un May 14 rl-p<> rted "Th.: Englbh akhemior whu has r.:c.:nrly been taken tll Ptirglir: as a pno<>ner, .lpi:'~arecl tu h.: in rht: Jeprho llt Jespair rht:!se latter Jay, <.~nJ retuoeJ tu parrake ot t.,,,d, ,,, that it wa~ reareJ h.: might die." Ther.: were further lt:tte rs un tvl.:lY ~ 1_, Jun.: 10, an,! July 2, the latter reporting rhar Kdly was imprisuneJ '_nth_ 1~u <llr bur that wha..:h Cllllh.:o rh rnugh a hul..:, thmugh which ht: can reach lt>r h1s t<~,Jcl bi t hy bit .... On <.:xamining rhe accuum s ofR,l:rnberk it wao founJ rh.1r tht:! Engliohman h.1J Cll>t him <ll'er three hunJred rh,lusand florin~. lr is • mu:mg tha r theoe nublcmen haw alllllved them:.eh-es tll be ,lup..:J in ouch a ta:.hllln. He IS satd t11 have cusr the Emperur near l.ln a rhuu>;md Rhenish guilJt:!ro."''.; _ Dyer ll".ls ;dl,,ll'e,lt , > return t< 1 England with Web he in July 159 1. D..:.: no tes Ill 111, d1ary, July 28, "~lr Dyer oent me ~0 <.~ngds by Mr Thumao Webbe," anJ

~ l

July 30, ''rec,mcili,Hi<Hl bcrw,·en tvlr Dyer .mJ me ><ll..:mna:eJ rh..: .11-rem,,_,,, , i. FriJay, and LH1 S.11urda1 (rht:! 3 br) .dl Jay rdl Ill\ g<ling by !Fcnt.m: "t<~" J L .• t at Mr Webbe\ llJJging at Rnchcsrer Huuoe" (PO, 38-9; F~:nrun, 253).

Meanwhile Kdly l.mgubh..:J in priocm. In 159~ V Mm Ru: mberk J1.:J. 1-.: c~t. 1\'ao now without his prime pmrecror. The Engh~h gL1\'ernment cunrmucJ t. maintain ,m inr.:reot in the c~oe. Chriotopher Parkm, rt:!poneJ ba..:k l<l Sir Ru~o.: rt Cecil, Burghlt!y'> oecunJ >llll, who W<b nuw running inrdl ig..:nce <lperau,nb, tr. lerrers uf July 18 anJ 20, 1593 (SP 81/7, t~lls. H O, 1·13-0:

Of Kelly'~ ~kill I tine! h.:re in Pr.1gue rhr..:e <l[111ll<llb. The llrol 1> th.•r I" makt:o n.:1tht:!r g<1IJ, neither in truth rranomutattlm ut metab, hut ••nl\ that he ha, a n..:w ran.: kind uf jugglmg, whereby he oedut.:..:o >lllllc Wl>e

mt:n tll bdit:!v.: what is llllt, <b Clll1lllhlll juggler> decl!i\'t:! ClHHlliLHl 1''-'•'Plc: Orht:r~ think rhis dpini,m tOll auorerc, l!otet:m ing that he 111.1ke~ tn"

tr<momurati<lll ,lt merab y<.:t in ouch ><lrt rhar he ha~ thereby looo anJ nu cllmmoJiry. The ground uf rhb llpini<m is th.1r he ha, be.:n appr.:h.:nJc J for J~:bt, wh..:rt:!by he io .:oteem..:J ro want ancl h.ll'e need.

Others abu think rhb optniLm uf litrl.: bd a~:f, anJ rh.:y .:oreem d .. ,, Kdly can du what ht: wilL And that thb ohow ut need an,! 11 .111 t 1>

unro him I'Oluntary anJ nLH nece,,ary, oranJmg upon general P•lllH <>I

rt:!purari,m anJ cunrempr ut Jross. Men ,,f this Llpininn be acc,Jum,-J oimple. AnJ rhooe b.:;r mt:n about the Emperllr bt:! ,,f the oe..:unJ <>('1111.-11

T his much ,,f his opini,m. Thi, b hi> stare. After he ha,[ heen pn11·eJ t<> d.dl1 wHh J..:lld,, 1

grc.1t imporranc.: ohllll'ing that he had will tu buy llllll' L>i un.:, anJ n. 11

ui anL>tht:!r, raking them upon t.:redit, and p.1wning them lLl the jcl\ o h>r preot'nt money, anJ redeeming sometime, the jewd, Llt l1ne With the jewdo of another <.~s t:!ach one urgd him, and rher.:by givmg ><lme .:.on-tent tu e.1..:h one at oundry tim.:s, by s~:.:ing tht:!ir jt:!web in h1o hJnJ~ forthcoming, ar the length somt:! gor their jt:mds imm him again, urh.: ro whose jt:!wt:!b lay irreJ.:emable with the Jewo, urgeJ him tu tht!lr urr.: r-mosr, and a t the l.:ngrh being <.~ lwg..:rher withLlUt oati, facrkm rh..:y ..:<~n•· plained tu the Empt:!rur whu calleJ Kdly hdure him. He t:xcu,eJ h am,'- I! by sicknt:!os, yet in tht:! night he hurri~:J ruwarJ Ru:mberk, anJ at ~~ thllughr tll oeek ~ome remedy tu uphold h is crt:diwro.

The Empt:!rur t0rrhwith had inrdligence rhar hio cxcuoe Lll ,~o: kn..:" wa~ not oincer.:, whereupon adJoin ing ><1111.: off.:ncco that h.d p . .,,~:J bef,lrt:!, the Emper,lr St:!nt to apprt:!henJ him in hb voyag.: , rho.: whiCI1 11 ,,,

perl~mneJ accorJingly. And Kdly apprebc:nJeJ wao by rhe Emp.:r"r ·~ order led tu the castle calleJ PlirglltZ four miles trom Pr.1gue, 11 her.: [._. b now derain..:J .

The f0rmer ,,ffence i:. rhao. l(dly ha\'mg maJe many p~:tty pr,k.t- . 1 nll gain, haJ m;iJt:! a Slllemn prombe lung :.ince ,,fa granJ pr,,.,r· rh.: which should ht:! with Cat:!,ar', great aJ\·anr,lgt:!, bur delaymg thllll tllll<.: tu time about tht:! dfect ir wao agreed of a pt:remptury Jay, and rh.1t llh•r ~.: than once, Kdly ever fa iling anJ tinJing sumt:! gent:!ral ol<.:evd..:oo t.:hu'"

~,

1- ~IY~TIC.-\L ~IET.-\L ~ )f ul)LI)

)cl C.t.:,.li in the 11\c.tn ,..:,t>,>n ch.:n,h..:J .mJ C<lumcn;tn..:o..:cl huu ll'dl, J.nly llh l_r~· .lncl more hy tht, g,,,,J J <!al111g .:nu>urag..:J to stJncl up.m P<linr, ul r..:put.Hi<ln, y.:r n.Hhing w..~, p.:rform.:J of him ,JCcorJingly, sn rhJr rhi:. drclo..:r ,,( ••ll . .:nc.: juin.:J with rh<! :.uir ,,f hi:. cr.:cht<lrS, anJ his J..:dining, has been rh.:: eau:..: Llf hi:. tmpri:.lll1lllcnt. AnJ n~l\\' Ca.::.;H ,,t"f..:r, him ht:. ..:nl.1rg..:mcnr pr..::..:nrly when he has maJe his grancl proclf. He :.rancling upun hb r..:putati<Hl, answers rhat he ll"il l ncH ,,, Jisgracl! hi:. cunning td m;ll..c any pr,,of until he be fully .1r libt:rt\. So ht: remains in h,,IJ upun the:..: tern~>.

1\ ul..ttl' r.:puno..:J th.lt ht, int;•rnwri<~n cam..: ft\>111 the cmpct"<lr', c.,uncdl,,r,. The (llunctllllr> abo :.lhl\\'cJ him a lcn..:r Kdly

oai-1 her ~htj..:,r\ 1\"l"ut.: unru him, wh..:rc·m he 11".1, ro..:quir..:J r11 cnme hllme .mJ ,tJ,·;mcc hi, 111\'n unmrry ll"ith hi, , kdl, ll"ith divers prumi,e,. In rh.: ,,1me lcrrer they saiJ tltcre ll'cre Ct:rtain wurJ:. ll"ritrcn with her 1\lajc, ry's <llrn h.mJ, the 11 hid1 they , hllll"l.:d unt1llllc, anJ requiri!J of me if I coukl gi1·..: ju~lgcmc:nr ,If rhe111, :.ignttying if Kclly cliJ intcrprer rhem t<l•l much t<l hb a~1·anwg.:. AnJ at lcngrh they requireJ ,11 me in the Emperor's nJm~, it I cnuld gt1·e any acc,,um of the Jimini, hing of <lilt! of his cars, ur ut his g11oJ <H. evil hd1avk1ur in EnglanJ. Whereunto I an:.wereJ, that I might ,eem an untit man tLl t.1lk of Kelly wirh,lut some atfccriun, whu h.ts ,,, gncnJu:.ly <lllcl fabdy Lltl<!ndi!J me, \'l!t :.erring a:.t..lc all pa,:, ion, being rl!quired in the name '1f such a munarch, I WLluld rder what I knew .mly upon thc gruund ,,f comnwn rcpLlrt. An,l sn I did.

U~1lllttun.llc:ly Parkin, clue, n"r rep••rt what he ,aid in rc:.putbc ro rhe l!lll(1er-''r, enqumes.

B.tck in Englancl, PMI..ins IIT<>te l!nigmatically t11 Sir Roberr Ce..:il, Nm·em-h~.:r ~ 0, I 593, " Fur that I rh ink her 1\ laj~,ry wdl havl! no m~nrion m.tJe of K..:lly':. m.mer that is now cl<!a,l, I will arrcn,l the uccastun wcll to bury it. '""" . Kdly', clealings with rhe Pnrtuguc:.e jewellers arc abu reporreJ in a letter I rum So..:t ~1 Cocke,, July 28, _1593 (SP 80/1, 1~ , 1. 154) whu says hc passed on rhe mt11rma~a~•n m Parki n>: "I hncl by th,lse that ll'ere rhorLlughly a..:quainreJ ll'ith many ot his_ shifts, that rh.:_ phillJsuph.:r's stone has been nothing else rhan rhe 1'~,,,.,, l llll ut 6,000 Juc..1r, lll the Baron of Ro:mberk, together 11·irh ,m extraction ot_ certain jcll"eb ll'hich by the creJir h<! haJ by rhe L)rJ Ro:mberk h<! rook up <ll a Por11ng~1 l an(l French j~l\'cllcr, uur of rhe which bdng pawn.::d w rhe Jews he Ja,tdleJ w the value nt 16,000 du..:ars, ll'hereof he melted many ancl sent the: wedges t•' bl! :.okl m the goiJsmith, which ga1·e such opinilm of his skill rhar ir was rhoughr thcr.: wuuiJ nut be leaJ enough in the cnuntry tor the upera t111n ol hts powder, and thus he li1·c:J f,,r a while in libl!rry."

~:e..:h accuunr,, _ ~1y J11>ef Sdrek an,l Vaclav Kaplicky, ha1·c Kelly impri,-cmcd l1ll· killing an nthc i.d ,Jf RuJ,,It\ C•lurt, Genrg or Jan llr Jiri Hunkler, in a clue! in 1591. Hunkler had bt:.:n inquiring ah,lut the cr,lpping of Kdly', ears.

'l

But Kaph..:k1 ·, n<ll'cl a, a '"'rl.. uf l"IHIUnu..: ti ..: uun anJ nut ;;enLr •• ll\ lu,i • • call\ rdiable. 1'\' • • •

Kelly now hc:gllb tu k.nurc in rhe ltt..: r.ary rcC:IlrJ. '" u .ahno..:l H.IIYC\ 11 r.t,-m Paerc/ s Supl.'raogmiuu (159 3), "I \\\mJerc:J t<> he.tr th.ar Kdly h.d ,:utll:li t k G,,IJ<!n Fleece, anJ by virtue thereof wa:. suJdenl1 a.h-an..:cJ lilt•' ,,, hcHl.>ur .• t I. rcpurariun with the Emperor', Maje,ty; bur ll'ouiJ have w.mJered nh,ro..: hl 1,_.,' :.el!n a work of >Upcrerog.ttion irom Na,h<!: whu,c: wir mu,r n<>t enter tho..: lt-t, of compMt>llll with Kdly', alchemy: hoii':.Llen~r he \HJu!J >l!elll t1l h,n..: tl._ grl!l!n liun, .tnJ the tlying eagle in ;1 box. Bur Kdly wall_ baJ h11n lllnk r" tl., swnll<!n maJ anJ the dancing fuul. Kdly killlW> hb lure lll wr,,klm, ~1nd u,..:, Ll-rerms of arr."1•'' Thuma:. N.t,he h im,df refer> t<l Kdly 111 Hut<.' \\ 'l!h Y.," t Saffron-WalJm ( 1596). Lull and Paracebu, arc ..:~tllt:J upllll, whtch prcl\· .. ~u tt., re:.pnn:.e, "Let h im call up<lll Kdly, whn i, bt:ncr th.tn them b,nh; <lllcl r,,r tL~ ,pirits and ,oub of the ancient alchembr~, he h.t, them :.1_1 clu,..:. unpn~ll~ll..J ~~· rhe fiery purg,tt<lf)" lll hb t"urnJce, th.tt tor the weJith <ll the I'm:,: 1ll ::>I'.Jtn > lndies, ir is nur po:.,ihl..: tll rde.t,e 1H" get the thirJ p<~rr <ll ..1 nn <ll .m~ •111..: ,,r them tLl help any bur him,dt."101 In Ben J1Hl>•lll':. Th ... Alchcmi~L ( I o 10) ::-> ar Epicure 1\lammnn refl!r, ro Suhrle <~>"A lllJn, rh..: ..:mpemr/lla, courr..:J, ab .. ,~ Kelly: sl!nt hi, medJb, / AnJ chain:., t•> 111\'itc: hun" (Act 4, , cl! ne I , t>Y-Y I). ' In Hudibra:; ( 1663), the Wm.:e,rcr:.hare puer SJmud Butler cat<.:> the intngu" between Dec and "Kdh•, / Lc~.:ac; anJ rh'Empcror" (2. 3. 237-8). 1,;

Kdly was tinally -releJ,..:J by RuJolf. EJwarJ Sula.~rJe rep.mccl h., ... k t. EnglanJ fr,m1 Padua, July 3, 1593 (SP 85/ 1, fo l. 158) "tl~<!r..: _i, nllW no..:11:. th . .t Kdly i:. set at lib<!rty and in gri! ~H t~w.,ur again, bur not ut Hllhctent creJtr untd the next pnst." SuliarJe's infonnariun may have bo..:cn premature. S..:pteml-..:t •). Abraham Faulkon wrotl! t"wm Bnhemi,l w Rich.lrll Hc:.k~th in LHKJ,ht re. ··.-\, wncerning Sir EdwarJ Kell y, his delivery hJ, hcen the 16th day ell" Ocr"l'..:r new style, anJ is in gnoJ h..:.tlrh, both fat and merry. Th,ltn<b Kdly tullk anc alung wirh him at Ld1en, where I wa:. three Jay> by ha, h•mour, ,m,l rc..: ..:11 ~J me vef)' courteously, and mu,r sit at rahk, b11th dumer an .. l ,upper, what ,:uc>t->Lli!Ver hb honour haJ, anJ pnHni,ed whar,oever has n1>t bec:n J,m..: ht> h.n1llur wnuiJ dlJ. At my being at Lcbl!n, hi:. honour dtJ fi,h a p,mJ, anJ g.ll'e mo..: C:•••·j store lJf ti,h hume with me ltkewi,e."1'"

Pu:zlingly, this letter clarc:J September rct"er:. tll Kell y':. rdc:a:.e in ()cr •• l-c~ Bur O<!e also gil"eS an Octllhl!r rdt!.bc: Jar..:: hi> cltary r..:.:,lfJ s "the 11<.:1\:. .. r· ::-11

Edward Kdly's liberty" on December 5, and he nor.:J 1t rerm,pccm·dy t. 1

October 4, 1593, old :.tyle, which C<lrrdarcs clu,dy with Faull..on', O.:tub,·r I r new style: (PD, 46-7; Fenr<ll1, 262-3). O<!cl!mber 9, 1593 Scrh C o..:l.., rc('ullL-1 from Padua, "Mr Kdly is Ji:.chargeJ of lu:. kmg imprisonmcnr anJ in gro..:Jt ... r.:J.t with the Emperor" (SP 85/1, fol. 163 ).

On August 28, 1593, Burghley haJ J e:.pat ..: hcJ a letter tll Kd ly h1 .1 ._:, uflc ~ called William Hall. The rl!corJ uf th<! cbpatch ,urvil"e:. in rh<! Cecd ..:dllcdt. a. at HatfieiJ, bur rhe conr..:nr:. ,,f the letter are unkn11Wn. It ha, bl!cn >Ll<::o'-'>t,..i thar William Hall w ;a, an alias used by non<! other than Will i.un .Sh.tke,r~ .• r..: on ,ecret ,..:n•ice wnrk, and that the me,sage inv.llved communic:.Hhllb tu 1--:..:lh

7-f ~IY::lTlCAL ~IET.-\L LIF GOLD

in : ••ntl<.'l:tl•111 11 llh th..: H..:~k..:d~ ..:<~n~pi ra..:y, anllthl'r J,l,Hlli.:J .&ttl'mpr tu ..:r..:m.: .1 C.trh.d tc upn,tng in Britain. '"'

Sir R,,hert Cedl ktJ J_.,. i,,!~l a ,..:hem..: ru test rhe I<Jplry llt" L 1rd Strange, 11 hll ,,.,b >U>pcct..:J <~t Rnman Cath •• lt..: ~rmparhil'>. A l..:ner wa, w b..: sent ro him by •H1l! ut" t h..: ..:xikd Engli~h papbr, li vi ng in Prague, calling for u Cad1,1lic in~urre <.: Li i.l n. If Strange faikJ Lo r..:purr the ll'rtt!r, hb cre,tchay cuuiJ he assume(!. ~\i..:har, l He~keth had lxen livmg in Pragu..: fm three y..:ars; returning ro England '.n S..:ptemher 15~>3, he >tuppl'J at the Whi te Liun Inn in lslingt•m on hi> way trl1m Prague t<l Strange's seat ill Lancash ire, anJ was given the lener by ".1\.lr Hi..:kman," Pi.l>>tbly Del''s funner skryer, Barrhnl<lmcw Hickman, <lr his brmho::r. H..:~kerh Jdi1·ered it to Strange whu r..:p•>rted it tu the Queen. He~kcth wa~ .~rr..:sr..:~l ill Ocrubcr, and hangl'J, , lrawn, anJ quan..:rl!J at Sr Albans un Nov..:m-h..:r 29.

Sin..:l' K..:lly h,,,[ hl'l'n unJ..:r arre>t and in jJi l frum .1\.lay 1591 until miJ-0-: rub..: r 1593, hi, a..:ri1> parti..: ipatiun in the He~ko:th att~1 i r, whl'ther a, c,lnspi ra-tl1r, pru1 ••car..:ur ' 'r intunno:r, is unltkdy. The namc:s of Kdly, Lady Kdl y, anJ ht, hruth..:r Thumas ..:o:rrainly ren1r in il'tll:r> inrer..:..:pred in rh.: o:nsuing invo:sti-g.mon. They wer..: clearly acqu<t im..:J wirh pa rricipants in thl! cun>piracy. Bur there ,, n•Hhmg tu sugg..:~r any dire..:t im'l•lvl!menr by them in the affair.

Oct.1bo:r 15, 1593, Ri..:har,J H esk..:th wrut..: fr,lm impri,onm..:nt t•l LorJ Cohham <lr Sir Rub..:rr C.:..:il: "Bt!>iJ..:s it were conv.:n ienr ro un .. le r,tand wh..:rh.:r lvlr Dy..:~ unJ..:rsmnJ <lf my impri,unmenr ur nor, fur if ir be bruit..:d amungst his m..:n or t, ,[j, l.wers, rhcy will srraigh r wri te tu my Lady Kdly •lr Mr Thomas Kelly, Ill resp.:o.:r •>t that I tul.l yuur h,lllllUr the ut her Jay, anJ then rhe goiJsmith will kn,lw H, anJ he wtll rei l rhe Father Jesuit, anJ rh~ Jesuit the Cardina l, su >hall \'llUr h~1n,1ur ne1·er h.1ve them, which wuulJ be a gr.:ar hinJrance ro the sa ri,fac-ri,•n ot )"llu r hunour in my bdwlf. If Mr Dyo:r, nor hi~. have wri tt~n nothing, ir were g<md they shuuiJ Jhlt, und..:r \'<>ur H onuur', fa1·uurs."100

~ On De..:embc:r 8, 1593, a Je~ui t r.ril!>r in Prague, Thomas Srephen~llll, wr,lte tu ~1chard Heskerh. In the ..:~1u r~e .'lt his letter he remarked, "Our Lnrd >end us a Kmg, anJ some llhJre ..:umturr atrer >ll many surging wave,. Mr Thomas is in h.:a lth. I have bo:en. wirh him rwi..:e. Sir EJward is at Leben, nut yet in his tl, lll'er. l'vlr Hamm,ln ts.b..:cnme a new man , and I hupe will continue. Commend me to \'<lUr g,1uJ b..:Jtdl,nv, thnugh una..:yuainteJ. I bc>..:ech you deliver my krrcr tll Mr Lcigh. "'•">~ Mr. Thomas may have been Thumas Kelly, Mr. Ha mmon may be J,>hn H ammund, (see note 130 inf.), anJ Sir Edward is certainly Kdly now at lthcrry on his Leben esta te. '

. S tephens,m wrot..: tu H enry Leigh rhe same day. "Courte>y ..:ompds me t<l 1\Tit..:, anJ our o ld ac4uainrance mll\'cs me continually tu rem..:mber you: I marvdleJ ut your S•> ,uJden departu ro: fr<1m us, without any further notifying Yllllr m~anmg, hut \"llU, I duuht nor, JiJ a ll fur the best, and so, a> I understand, tr has !a~ len o ur, and wrute of you frnm Lo nJon, that you were become a goud >llhJcCt fnr the current tune. Hnwevc:r it be, no ralcs, nor talk nor Hying words ,h~t ll make my wtll to shnnk, su lung as I live I will nnr leave Jearly on yuu to rhmk. I Je, tre hcamly tu se..: Y• lU. Sir EdwarJ is ar Le hen and was delivered twu m,mrhs ag<l." 110 '

, )

l knry Lc:igh had >crved <b .1 cuuri..:r f<1r lc:ner~ ber11·c:..:n Bu rgh!.:\ ,Hh.ll', ll) .11<-i Dyer 1n Augu>t <)nJ Ocruber 1590. "Hi~ lodg111g \I'd> Wllnr Ill 1'..: Jbuul H ... lb<>rn bridge," the Earl of 1-lunringdnn informed Sir R,~b..:rt Ce..:tl. '" H..: llld\ 11dl b.: rhe Harry Lee who offer.~J Kdly an Jnnlllt)" u t fu rry p,1unJ, ,1 )c.tr, rd.c:rr..:d tu in Kdly's argument wirh De.: , June 29, I5o3 (TFR, 2S). lk"'o memioneJ in Sreph..:n,on's inrercepred corre>punJence cau~.:d Leigh c.m,iJ..:r-abk rroublc, and in December 1593 he 1\Tutc the carlot H unringJ,m an .tCl:• •unl ui hi~ acquaintance with Kdly and Srephenson ar the time nf Kdly\ <IIT..:~ r :

Fir>t, I, rh..: ,aid llo::nry, J u cunf..:, th,H ,,ft.:r I haJ lll"l!r>p<.:nr 1111 11-h .. k estate in Her .1\.lajesry', servic.:, wirhuut any rcc.unpen>e, and hy th, cause uf my furrune wa, dri1·en t<l gu tu Pr,Lgue, tl> >eek >llllll! ta1 <lllf <~ l Sir EdwarJ Kdly, I did there , ee the >aiJ Th,Hnas Srcph.:n~,1n 111 the company <>f unc RicharJ Tankard, an Engli,hm,m, who JiJ Jt,·er t tm..:, re~ort to S tr EdwarJ Kdly's hou,e. AnJ n.>r k1ng Jftcr rh..: ~urpn,t ng ul Sir EdwarJ Kelly and all rhe Englishmen rhar wc:ro: rhen Jt Prague, ll

w<b my dunce t•l mec:t the satd Srephcn>•ll1 up•m Prague bridge, whl. rl. he began tll J i,uade me: frum that mdan..:h,lly who::rewirh ir >eem..:J ''' h im I wa, oppre»eJ, o tf ..:ring unro me all [,we anJ >ervi..:e r,l sr..:al me in rhar >O Jangernus a rime for all Englishm.:n .... All whtch h,, C: •>Ur· te>y anJ o tf..:rs nf frienJ~hip ar rh.u rime I wa, l:<lm..:nt ru ac..:.:pr <lt, rh.: rarh..:r tor that Mr Dyer was then d os.: pn,un..:r, with wh,llll 1 <.:dulJ have nu confer..:n..:e, n •>r receive direction what I might b..:~ t dll h11· rho: furrh.:ranc.: uf H.:r ~lajeHy's >en·ice in that beha li. And I rhuughr n n, 1

amiss ro em..:rrain him at rhar t ime, a~ wdl to r my ,1wn >Jlc:t\ and ltbcn\ , as abo w under>tanJ by him from time w tune rhe pr,>ceeJing, in :)Lr EdwarJ Kdly's ca~e with the Emperor, for that lme Methur anJ dill.

ALtUen,is, which were in the college with him, were confe,,lr> .mJ special intlamer> of the Pople~, the greJt family of &1hcmia, ag.un,r ::itr Edward Kdly, anJ rhe ,aiJ Poples were a~ it were 111 )intt C;c>arb; >ll ,., I purpuseJ by that mean, to await rhe h..:,r upp..lrtunity to del Ha ll l.t)<:>l\ ', service . .. I was a lmo>t in Je,pJir of any comfurr in m ine nwn ..:llunlr) and as ir were plunged in rhc d.:pths llf J.:soLni,m abmad by rh.: dun;, of Sir Edwe1rJ Kelly's f,,rrune, having then neither muney n.>r lll..:Jn- r. maintain me, yet el'en at char time when all Englbhmen in Prague 11 d'

in prison anJ nunc du rst ~reak .... As tllUt.:hing rhe conrcms oi rhe l..:ner >enr fr,Hn Srephc:tbllll t" " ''·

which ir has plea>cJ your Honuur lu ~h,>w me, I rru>t ru di~charg,· 111\>l.li. fo r though I cannot l.:r ur prevent any man w write tll me, yet J.~c~ lf,l. very fir~t parr give resrimnny ru rhc W•lrld char he had nur .Ill \ 11 .1~ bewrccho:J elr e nrangleJ me wrth any ..:m·.:nJnts of ~ecrel i.ll"e <>r IIH..:r-course of ir iend~hip , for rhar he ~.:em~ w cumplain I ldr him ,,tJJcnl\ and unsarbtied, withclut taking my leave of him, whtch ,, a ~dunJ .tr ~u· mo:nr of the little a..:counr and ,mall r.:ga rJ I gave ru ht~ ..:harmm,;; t .. r in very rruth when I haJ wrought him se> far a> I coulJ 111 Str EJ\1 ,,rJ

i'n 1\IY~TI C.-\ L 1\ IET.-\1. OF GOLD

f.:dl1 ', ..:.~>..:, I lcfr hun .u ,J all hi, ·.~..:c,Huplicc,' \\'lth d11:ir rr;t>h r11 rhcm->..:11-..:,; .mJ •K..:,,r,lmg r11 my clury I rcrumed tll ,..:n·..: my n.uur.1l pnnc..: .mJ 1111 c,1u1Hry.

Lc1gh 11 ..:m 'll1 t11 cundu,l..:, ·· .-\ nJ 11 h..:r..:.t> rh..: :.;11,1 Srephcll>llll clt1..::. llpcn h i> pa..:k nf •JCt:urcn r, .1:. tll Sir EJ11'.1rJ Kdly':. liberty, he an.l all men kn,JII' it \\'a:. rh..: •lll ly m.utcr l man.tg..:d or ,J.:alr in, in rl111:...: parr, ."11:

L..:igh IH•llC cl furrh..: r lcrr..:r, February 21, 1594, !lr•>tc:.ting hi> innv..:..:tK..:, to S tr Rnb,·n Cccil. In a JlllSt:.c ri pr he r..:marks, "In rh..: very Lt, t llt Srcphen:..m', l..:ttcr m.:nri,lll is maJ..: ,1{ a l..:n..:r h..: rcc.:iwd from Mr H. fr,>m his h,Jus..: in L<llle<bhirc, which I f,Jrgut w explain in my amwer ddiv..:reJ r,J my ltJrJ ,1( I luntingJun. lr ,.:..:ms t<l m..: rhar rh ..: l..:u..:r came frum one 1\lr Hc:.kcrh, a Lmca, hirc m.m, which ll'a> at Pragu..: rh..: sam.: rim..: that I wa:. rh..:rc, and wa:. famili.t r with Sr..:phcll:.un; hut I hav..: l1llt s..:t:n him rhc:.e tll'll years almo:.r." 111

Leigh aJ mits tll hadng ",..:en" H..::.kc rh in Pragu..: , rh,1ugh du..::. nnr indicar..: wh,·th..:r h..: ..:vcr >P•Jk..: rn h im. He m..:r the priest Srephen:.on rhmugh RicharJ TanbrJ, a g••IJ,mirh , "'h'' kn..:11 K..:lly. Bur rhcr..: i:. lhl ..:vid..:nce that Kdly ..:vcr m.er l l..:sk..:th, nr, ind..:..:d, Sreph..:n:.un. Kd ly was in jail for mu:.t nf the p..:rioJ ,,f He:.k..:rh's rc~idcnce in Pragu..: . Thc m..:ntiun:. of h im in rh..: int..:rct:pt..:d Cllrre-:.ponden..:e nccJ :.uggc!>t n,J more! rhan his impri>l111ment h.1d bccn a cau,e cd~brc! and hi, r..:lea,..: a marrer tlf C•lJHinu..:J interest tlJ rhe Englbh cummuniry in Pr.1gu..:. Therc is nu suh, tantiatiun tlJ Charl..:s Nichull', claim rhar "this cb..:-munic hgure lE. K.] wa> und,luht..:Jiy itw,>lv..:J wirh rh..: Cath,Jiic plotters in Pragu..:."11;

Dce's ClliTe>p,lnclencc 11·irh Kdly rc>umeJ lllliV f.:elly haJ b..:..:n >l.!t at lt h.:rry, . mJ his diary recorcb len..:rs tu f.:dly 11n March 28 and S..:pr..:mb..:r 18, 1594, and tt\Hl1 l:(dly ()11 Nm·emhcr 24, 1594 (PO, 48, 50, 51; Fc!nton , 265,267, 268). He a l~ , • r..:cor,b, May 18, 1594, "Her Majesty s..: nr me aga in rhe cnpy uf rh..: letter ut E. K. wirh thanks" (Ft:nt•Jn, 265; PO, 49, ha:. "G. K."); it is und..:ar whether rh 1> is rh..: C• 1py of a l..:rtc r frum Kelly to the! Q ue..:n llr ru D..:e. The c~mtents ,lf rht::.t: letters ar.: n< Jt d isd,l>cd and l:(dly's acriviti..:s ,luring rhis time arc un-knu\~·n . Accurding t11 lvan S1·ir..ik, holl"c!V..:r, Kelly, rel.:ased fr1Jill impriSlll1menr, 11'<1> hghring in Peter Rl1:mh..:rk's army agaith t rh..: Turks in the :.ummer tlf 1594 near K,1mJ rnu. 11 ;

Engl1, h intdligcnce cunrim.eJ ttl il1<llllttlr Kdly. S..:th Ctlcb IIT•>te r,J S1r Ruherr Ceci l frum Krah iw, April 8, 1595, "I am now withm the:...: rwo Jar~ t1> cl ..: p<~rr h..:nc..: and m..:an r~1 pass br Prague, bccau~e I will ~ee Sir EdwarJ Kdly, who they ~.11 enj,ly> hi> turm..:r twour with the Empt!ror" (SP 88/ I , fnl. 22 I). In 1\ lay 1595 an,lth..:r Eng li~h >c.::r.:r agent \\'as in Prague. He ll'c!nt und..:r rhe name of Juhn Snuwdcn, hu t h.: had bcen b,m1 John C..:cil in W,1rc..:~ ter in 1558 rhrc..: )'C.lr> after Kdly was born rhe re. 110 Was this a childhood acquaintance oi· Ke lly's s..:nr r,, mak..: C•lntacr! O r sometme wirh a shared background which he could use t<> ingrariare hinbelt? Or snm..:one nn an enrir..:ly ~eparate np..:ratinn?

On A ugu:.t 12, 1595, De..: recurds " I received Sir Edward Kdly \ letters of thc Emp..:mr',, inl' iting me m hi~ :.ervicc again" (PD, 53; Fenron, 275). Kdly, 1r appears, wa~ accept.;,l hy the Empertll. one..: murc!. Wa~ he now .:~h i .; tu offer

1 .ttr11n.1g..: h11n:.dr! O r 11\1> h.: 1n neccl tlf .b>t>t.m..:c! Scprcmhc·r 14, f.:dh 11 • ,, tu Dyt:r, rccalling th..:ir cxperimcnb: "Y ..:.1, h,m .. r;Jhle >lr, }'llll knuw 1 .:r~ 11' ll wh.u ddighr ll'e ttlllk rog..:rhd' (MS A,hm,JI ~: 1420, p. 32~1·

But Kdly was SllOll impri,.mcd a :.ec,mJ rtnh:. H1, lltkn..:c , au .. llrJ,n;,. t. I 1.111 Svin1k, was rhar on N,ll'ember I, 1596, b.h.: k m t:<lllrt , he 11'• Jun,k,l, rl1>1l.~h J1d nut kill, G..:11rge Hunklcr, a~sistant 11i rh~: alchemi>t S..:haiJ S..:ln1 err:cr. T h1o 11'.1:. "the immecli.tre cau,e" uf the arrc>t , hur Sl'ltJk .tt rh..: >.tmc run..: h.h Kclh unpn>cmcd t•>r d..:bt ,mJ h l> ,;,rare umti,..:.lred by ".1 <.:llrrupl .m.l mtluc:nrl .tl nun f.:ry>t•lf Zdi11>ky :..: S..:hu: in.1." 11;

H..: was impri>un..:J at 1\lu:.r (,tl,.l knuwn <b Brux). ;m,l clunng thl> rcrt. ,I

Cllmpos.:d hi:. akhcmical tr..:aris..: The Swn~ r;f" th.: Piulo~uplt.:J .s, which hc 11 r.•rc m Latin and d..:dicar..:J w Rud,llf; the np.:ning r..:t'..:r:. tu h<ll'mg "alr..:.1d1 t11 lee ,ulf..:rt:d chai11> anJ impri><Hlllll.!nt in Boh..:mia."110 Thc al..:hcnll>t U>walJ 1 i,lr..:J him in jclil ''.1ppar..:nrly in rhe hll(1c! uf ><11111.! enlighrcnm.:nt ,Jv..:r the S.:cr.:tl<lli ~olwionis. " 11Y Mic had S..:nJ i1·ogiu:. i> :.atd tu h,J \'C bl1ughr 1m<: uf h1~ e>t.ltl.!> wh1.:h Lady Kdly :.uiJ w rcl i,c nllm.:yY0 Snm~: J.:r.u l, tlf Kdl1·', tinancc> anJ rl" Jbpu:.al uf hb pr,lp,·rty at this tim..: ,url'i1·e in C:c:ch Jrchll'<.:~.'- 1

Thc end, lik..: rh..: h..:ginning, rcm.1in~ ,Jb:.cur..:. Dec':. d1 .1ry rc<.:•lr,b l'-!u1 clll· h..:: 25, 1595, ' 'n..:w~ rh.1r Sir Edward Kdly wcJ> ,I.Jin" (PO , 54; Fentun, 217) . Bur the: llllldcrn hi>t<lrian 11f the: empcrtlr\ cuun, R. J. W. E1 ,m,, CltC> a J<~..:u·

m..:nt indicaring rh.1r Kdly 11·a, deri nitdy alive on t<.by 22, 1597, .1r the .:a,rl .. ,lf Mo~t. Borb.miu> rh,Jughr h..: was >£111 ,JLti ve in 1598-':~ A numhcr <li >tllrtc• r..:cmd rhar trying to ..::.cap..: fmm the ca~rle h..: tdl anJ hr,1kc hi, k g; ,.,m..: aCCl)UntS :.ay he Jicd fmm hi, injuri..:s; Kaplidy 1\Tll l.!~ rh.n, b,~clly injurccl, h..: tOllk pubon and di..:d un N,JI'cmb..:r I , 1597 .

Accmding ttl J•1hn W..:e1·cr, Qu..:~:n Eli:.tbcrh >ClH "C.tpr.un Pcr..:r Gll'\ nnc with snmc! othcr>, ro p..:rsuaJ..: h im ro r..:wrn hack w hb own n.Hil·c home, which he was wi lling w do: anJ thinking m c>..:ape away 111 th.: night, by :.tc:.1lrh, a> hc wa> dam b..: ring u1·..:r a wall in his O\\'n hou,..: in Pr<~gue (which h..:<lr> h1, name w rhis Jay, and wh ich >Llllll.!timc wa> an uiJ >illKtuary), h..: fell d,J\I'n fr,•m the baul..:m..:nt:., bruk..: hi, legs, and brubeJ ht:. h,Jdy; 11f which hurt> ,1 whtlc after he deparreJ this woriJ ."121

A,hmole r.:corcls in 1652 that Kdly "wa, d.tppc.lup .tg.un 111111 prt><ln, .• r.-t .m..:mpting tu make! h1s ..:scapc! our uf a htgh wmJow, by th..: t..:armg ,>r· h1~ ,hc<.:t-. which w~:rc rt.:J wg..:rher ro l..:r him duwn , he! (bemg ,1 ll'<.:lght\ nt.m) tdl anJ bfl)ke his leg anJ thc:rcof died" (TCIJ , 483). Arrhur D..:e ga1·.: a llltJrc J ..:r.ukJ account tll Sir Thuma, Bnl\l'nc, whu C<lllllllunic<Jt..:J it tu A,hm,Jic! in l b74:

lie :.atJ .11,.1 that Kelly dealt nor Jll>rl y hy hl> t.Hh..:r anJ rh.1t he 11.:1 d

aw.ty with rhc: gr..:are:.t parr tlf the pt>wd..:r .md 11 .~:. aft..:rward lllll'rt>, c • ..:.t by rh.: Emp..:rur in a ..:asrle fmm 11 hence att..:mpring an C>C.lpc J ,111 n rl...: wa ll h..: tdl and br,Jke his l.:g and wa, impri>lll1ed agam. Thar lu, l· •• ,h-r Dr Juhn Dee pr..:>ented Queen Eli:aheth w1th a li rde of th..: )'ll\1 .l..:r, 11 h, having mad..: tri;d rh..:r.:of arr..:mpr..:J to g..:r Kdl1 out uf pri>tlll .. -\nJ ,cnt >lllllC tu rhar purpll>c! whu giving optum in drink um1l thc kcc·pcr:., Ld rh..:m ~o fast <l>le..:p thar K..:l ly flllmd oppnrtuniry w au..:mpt .m <.:>C.t!'c· .11d

I\ I Y:)T1~c>\ L I\1ET:\ L l)r GOU 'l

th..:r..: 1\ l.' r..: h, ll·,..:~ rc,~cly ll> cMry him ~1way! But rhc bu~m..: s~ unhappily ~LIC CI.!c:l.i.:J ;t~ i> bd~ ll'<! ,(c;ci ,trt:d.1: '

1-:dl) 11.1~ ~urn 1·c:cl by hi~ wil"..:, L.~cly J•><lnna 1\:dly (d . 1606) .mJ ll\'11 >tl.'p-chiklr..: n, a >•ll1 Juhn Fr.m, is W..:>run ( 15ti0-1600) ;111d a Jaughrer, Eli:ab<!th W.:~t<m ( 1582-16 12 ). El1: .. b.:rh .lChie,·.:J cun, iJ.:rable (,unc as the Lnin pucr W.:,runl a. 1 ~ ;

In the >piriruul rr.m>acri,>n> ,,f Apnl 4, 1587 , rh.: lack •Jt children in Kdly', m.~rriag.: ru J .~.m C~.1up.:r is ,li,cus~.:J . Kdly w~t> roiJ "barrenn.:,s J wdb wi rh yuu, becau~e )'<>ll di,l n..:gl.:cr m..: and rak.: ,1 wit".: ro your,eli cnnrrary [Ll my cumm•m,lm.:m . .. . Th.:rel•>n: yuu , hall huv.: rh.: Wl11llh which Yl1U have barren and fru id.:~s t•> Y•lU hecau~.: ynu han: rran>gre~ed d1JC which I commanJ.:J yuu." Nuwh.:re in Dce', pli ,·ar..: , li,try , ,r in the >piritual tran,ac[lnns is there any r.:ier.:nce [ l l Ju.lll c.,uper h.t\' l11g be..:n marri.:d b.:fun.: or having any chi ldren, ..:ith..:r by Kdly ur by any prel'l<lll> rd ar i1.ll1>hip. The step-chJ!Jren are n.:vcr men-Cilll1<:cl.

Hdwc:\·cr, the ..:~.l i r,H·s 11t Eli:aberh Wt:>hll1'> Cullectd W'mings accept rhar 1\:dly', 1nic: ]o.tn C..>•1p.:r h"J bc.:n prel'iou,ly nurried.

P,1ri>h recurJ~ , lh1\\' rh.n j .,hn W.:s,on.: anJ juan.: Cuwp.:r wer..: m.~rrieJ un 29 Jun.: 1579 ar C h1pping Nc1rrun , Oxt~Jrd>hJr.: .. .. :\ son uf this uni.1n, Juhn, was christcn.:d on 23 July 1580, and E1i:.tb.:rh, J aughrer uf ''J. •hn W..:sr,,n," was christened sc11ne rime larer, ,eemingly between 4 March ancl 31 Ocruber 1581. J•>hn W.:,run , "cl,trk," was buried on 6 May 1582.

A w..:d b..: t~.> r<: Wc:~ rcm'~ hurial, EJwar~.l Kdley . .. ro.?p<lrt<:cl dur d1c: :\rchangd !l!ich.tel had r~.1ld him char ho.? must marry; thi~ injuncriun wa, r.:pear..:d nn May 4rh. Shorrly rher.:after, Kd1.:y l11clrri.:d the recenrly ll'idmnc!J Jane C~.Jc1per W<:>ttH1.

Tho.? fn lluwing year, Dee and Kdlc:y left 1\·irh their wives (bur appar-ently with<lUt the rwo yuung Weswn chd,lren, whn are nor menrilmcd in Dc:c:'s diary accnunr of the vnyage, <JnJ who presumably• sraye~.l behind ll'ith thdr marernal an~.l par.: rn<JI grandmorh.:r> fm rhe rime being, as ':X'c~ron '> degy for h.:r 1111.1ther would suggest) ... it seem~ likely that rho.? trequer~r cbin~o by h.~r aJmir.:rs that Weswnia came frum a gloriuus and nt>ble tamily wc:r.: based on the grandeur anJ pretension~ of rhe Kdley housh,,ld in ir. h.:yday, anJ l1<H nn any family connex ion:. t>t "j,Jhn Westun, dark" whus..: mo.?mury haJ JieJ with him in Chipping Norron. 1 ~0

Eh:ahc:rh Wc:sr~.m ref.:r~ t<l 1\:dly in <1 Linn pu.:m, publi:,hed in Pr,Jguc: in J60b, thar :.ho.? \\' rc1t<: tl11 rh.: ,lo.?ath of h.:r mnrhcr, m "Upun rh.: death of the noble an,l high-hl1rn ll'uman LaJy Joanna, widuw oi Sir EdwarJ Kdly of !many, Ji~ringubhed and wdl-bc1rn knight, C<lUIK illor elf his ~acr.:J imperial M<~jesry, a most honnur.:d and hduved m~.l[hc:r, her Jaughrcr poured fmth the t0 1luwing elegy":

':X'hcn, 1 wa~ an mt'am ut b.1rdy ~ i x mnnth:., l ~utfo.?reJ rho.? wound ut my lather > lnss; anJ sh,>rrly atrerll'arJs the lu~s of my rwc1 grandnmrher~.

,'1

11 h"~e ~pccial c.tre l h .11.l been. Ho.?.t\ en g,,,.o.? me a >lcp-t.Hhcr, .u., l 1 .. .. . 1 kwcJ a> a scc~.m,l tatho.?r, bur ,lc.uh t<>uk huu. :\ hr1.1~ ho.?r rem.unc:.t t. me; yet in, ariahlo.? J..:.td1 cur him J,m·n 111 rh.: tl.,w.:r •'' youth.

;n ..:pt t.lph by N lt.:c>I.LU !1 1aiU> un La~.ly J.,,mn,t'> ,k.llh .11><1 rc:fc:r, £•> hu· lll.trll.•-·

1,1 Kelly, making ir cle.lr he ,,,b rh.: "philu~,1phc:r ," ,md c<mhnn~ rh.tr ~he: ·' · "i Englbh birrh.

I, Joann<l, 1d111 h.11.l h..:..:n wuc r" rh.: p\HI""'I' hcr Kdl\, Butf..:reJ by the: changing tmrunc:> ot th..: w,,r\J, re~r h..:r..:. The gro.?arer rh..: er<>>> I h,>rc, rh.: grc:ar.:r rhc p.m.:nr cnJur~uh.t..., The gro.?ar.:r the gl•>f)' in He.tn :n. ,_. Engl,md g'''.: m.: a nau ve \.mJ, B,1hcmt.m ,.n l .1 gr.ll..: ... ,

1\Luu, ,1bo \\'felt<? an .:pn.1ph cm \X1..:,t\lnt<t h.:r~df. I k 1\,b ."llc .,r· " . ~~u~, , l-..:1 • m.:mbcrs of rhe Dee .m,l Kdly w<lrld 1\h<l wcrc: kn.,wn t•.' Wc>t<mta. ,::,he .d·. knew EJ warcl Dyer anJ ,he wrur.: t\\\1 name d<~y p<>l.!llb t.1r J 111Jnch : lt~n ''' . ·' powerful poll[lcal tlgurc:, rh.: J .:pury chancd k>r, ll'h<1>c meet: LuJmdl.t h.d '.n.• r-···J K' lly's brorh.:r Th,nna:. in 1587. Anorh.:r ccmncctHlll \\'lth De.: .mJ Kclly n~ " - J 1 ~ SI · I 1, a poem Eli:abcrh wrc1te r.> ll11c 11! her teach.:r>, J•>hn H.unmon . , 1..: .1 '•

,n,1re ver>e~ m Per er Vok Rn:mber\.. , .mJ tu rho.? akhc:mt>r O,waiJ C ,,,11, \\ h, a>kcd her w cnmp<l>C " p<l<:m which h.: induJo.?d in h1~ Btlldt.::a Ch)llllc'<L .

Of Kdh \ '"''11 writing~. rh.: puem, "Sir E. K. Cllnt.:.:rn_ing thc Phii• '•"Phc r · 'r me written k> h t~ C>l1.:cial g.,,-,J fnc: nJ, G.S. G o.?m.," hr:.r puhh,hc:J am''"-.JI. ·c p · 1 • rhe prefawry ..:s~ay~ an~.l v..:r~..:> tu R.tph RabbM,b' o.?Jni;m <>I .:c>rg.: "I' ..:y , Th.: CompuunJ of :\ldt..:my (LunJ un: Th11mJ~ Orwm, I ) 9 1) 11 ~I> repnm..:J r. ·-, ·rher with a longer noem, "Sir EJwarJ Kdle's Wmke," 111 El ia~ A,hmul..: ', fl1,arrum Ch<!miwm IJ~~rwnnicum (LtmJ,m, 1652). Excerpt> tr,•m Kdly'> lcu~.· , , ,1p;car in Tracww.~ Duu C hcl!lici Sin&'Hktr.::. et Br;t•es (G.:i>m.tr, 16j 7)." 1 Th, must sub~t<~nrial cull..:cticm ut wnrk a,cribo.?J hl Kdly ,, EJoHu.nJt KdL.t't :\1.J Tractatus Duo Egr.:gii De Ltpide Philosuphunlllt, Unu C um Thclt[T~ Amu~ulllo.l T.:mmTi, pubh, h.:J po,rh umuusly in Hamburg in 1676 "per G,Hh<llred~m S~hulccn." 1r contains, in Lau n, The Swnc of the Plulu:.ophas, Th.: HumiJ P.Hh .,; DiscUitrSl! on the Veg.:wbl.: ~!cnmwnn uj Sawnt, an,! Th.: Thctur.: of Tal .: > l·~' Astronomy, and brief o.?xcerpr~ t"rum three letters ,,f 1587 _anJ 1589. T he o.?Ju , r. J. L. M. C., h<l> nc1t been icl..:nritled .. 'll A rr;m~lancm ,,f rh.: \'Ilium.: l:y .-\. E. Waite was publisho.?J in 1893 anJ tr..:quently repruuc.:l ,J> EdwarJ f-:.:11} .!tl. Englishman's T 11 u Ex.:dknt Tr.:uriscs On The Philo~uphd s Stune T ug.:th.:r \\ 1il. The Th.:acr.: of T cll'C>rrtctl A:.trunum)' . 111

Notes

1. 0:-.f,wJ , BoJlci.H1 L>br.Jr), llb :\,hmol..: l 7bh, 1<>1. ~ 40. R.:pr,~lu~..:J b) Eh., • . -..•l •·• _ ~in Thcumnn C!wutt.'l<lll Untunnicwn (L,,nJ,m: J. un>m•mJ h>r N.nh: Br."• ... . lo) _ (;K>imilc rcpr., New \'.>r\.. ; Juhthlll1 R~.·print Curp., 1967), 479.

bu 1\IY::lTIC.-\L 1\ IET:\L OF Gc1LD

1 J.~nl<: > l ) lch. u-.1 H.1liln·dl, nL, Th.: l'rmu.: Oi,ll')' uf /Jr )uhn V.:..: and th..: C u,t/,,g11.: o/ lu, Lil>rc~ry u/l-. f.tlllbcn}'l> (LLHlcl<ln: C nnJen :),1Cidy, 1o42), I. Rd;;rrcJ t" hencef,1nh ib PD. De<''> cliary emri<'s ar-: fuuncl in th.: margin, nf rwo alman•K> pre>.:n·eJ in the _B"clb.m L11~rary: the E11h:m.:rid..:.s ,,( S rJdius f,w 1554-1 600 (Cu1,1gne, 1570) (t- 1~ rbhnwl-: 4o7l. an,l the Eph.:m.:ri.l..:.s of t-lagius 1~1 r 15ti l-1620 (Venice 1582) (t-IS :~hhnh ,le ·Hlll). :\ ncn· tr•Ubcriplion hy EclwarJ Fentc1n, Th.: Di,lri.:.s uf )uhn D.:.: (Charlbury: L'by Boub, 1998), rcsmres material <1mitrcd by Ha lliwd1 anJ corrects 1~11srranscnpn.Hl> he ma,k; it i, rd;;rr<',1 to hencdunh as Fento n.

l. S-:<' Julian Rohcns anJ .An,Jr<'\\' G . War,,m, John D.:.:'s L1brary Cawlogu.: (L,mJ,Hl : The B1hlh lgraph1ccll ScKicry, 1990), irem 109'), anJ p. 96n.

4 . PO, 1. The parbh rec~>rJ, arc. n:p<med in S u,an Bassnert, "Rc:,·ising a 13i,1graphy: A Ne\\' lnterprer,luun <11 the L1k ut Eli:abeth J,m.: We>I Llll (Wc,ronia), Ba,ed cm her Aur,,bi<Jgra phlcal r.,ems <lll rhe Occasi•>n nf rhe Death other Mvtl1 ·r "Cah · . . El b. I . 37 ( " · ~en l.S<I <'I wm; April 1990 ): 3. Ten miles sm1th nfWorce,ter is U pr<m·upcHl·Severn. Dce was g1,·cn the recwry !here in 1553, anJ ir wa> L>n<: v i his basic >llllrc.;, nf 1ncumc· .. There is nu r.:c,,r, l rhar he <.:\ 'er \\'eiU 1hcre; rhe parish provided a li,·ing, ~ut h<' klr nu ,,bii~'HI•>n r,, l1,·c 111 lL H e may ha\'C vi>itcJ Wmcc>ter. H is library C<llll,ll~l.:,l a C<11'\' ot .Ac:dl l<.:us btcr', Cusmugn.1phia given him, he: nnrcd msiJe ir, by J, ,hn I cJder, a J ean at W.1rc.:_s ter C.tthedral, o n February 11, 1566. Bur there is no C\'ILkn..:c that he knew Kclly lrum W orceste r.

). w,,.~cl, Adlcn<~.: Oxoni.:n.sis, 2 vnb. (L,mJon: R. Knapluck, D. MiJwinr.:r and J. T u11>un, 1711 ), 1.: 179. A mi>rcading uf Anrh<HlY i1 Wood's rcxr >ccms tl l lie behind the cbun rhat K.:lly haJ h..:..:n an amanuensis ro Thomas Alien. It wa, W ood's mlunnanr wh,l \l'a> rl ~..: am.111ucnsis. G lvucesrcr Hall is n ow W orces1er Colkg.:.

b . B<llllc:lan L1brary, lo.!S .Ashnwlc 17YO fo l 58 l'fl.nt •J 1'11 C H J · J El ' A ·h 1 1 . ' · • " . . lhlc n, e ., 1u:; 'nwe 16 17- 169_: l-11s A uzobiogra11hi.:al an,/ 1-li.swrical Noc.:;, His Com~sJ>cmili:nc~

and <Hh.:r Conc.:mpumry Sourc.:.s Rdming 10 l1is Lfe and Work, 5 vols. (0xf,1rJ: C bn:nJ"n Pr..:;,, 196ti), + 1-!36.

7. ~ic:1las Lc;1gkr '.In Fre>nuy, 1-li.scwr.: ,/..:la l'hil<Jsuphi..: H.:nnJWJll<', ) , .. ,b. (1\u i>: Cm,. .S. lchcr, ~ 7-f_, f,lC>IIllde rcpr. Hddc,hcun: Gec>rgc O ltn>, 1975), 1:306-07.

Jl1iH1 Wce\·..:r, Anci<nc fun..:ralllo.!omoncm.s (LunJ,m 163 1) ·'J. '6 A - 1· G · I · PI 'I I ' · · ' · ' ' -. -o · Ccllr, mg 10 Lr:1_1•1111 _ 11 _ lP> anJ lo..'arnn Kc<Jtman, Th..: ~lwk.:sp.:ar.: Conspiracy (LunJ,m: .'\rruw,

I !hiJ), 1 J 1 • _1, 1~ cl us utkncc "Kdly .".'a> hau!ed bet{':" rhe I< >ea I Scjuire Thomas Lang-tliiL F"rrun,ltdy, Langrun was a tnc:nJ •>I L 1rJ ~trange, wh"'" farhcr, il> Earl of l)~Jby, ." ·as .:•'rJ ,L ie 1~tenan1 nf eh.: C~>Lmry. S rrange. imervcned to free Kdly anlllhe '".''men hcc,Jmc •Kcuil colleague>. Strange W<Js infaruared by Kdly's unho ly activi-nc.>, .mJ >O.•lll the·. P'llr were e xpen!ncnting wirh alchemy." Nu evidence is giv.:n for du~ ~tum , :n~d lt 1> unlikely 1har Weevcr wo uld nor ha,·e mt'nrion.:J a court appcar-•111L<' ll thcr" h .t,l been o 1w. O n Langwn's friendship wirh S trange, a nd furrher 1111." :1 '1'•'ri~d >~'ecu 1anllns ah.Jt tt Kclly in Lanca,hirt!, see C harles Nichu ll, A ClcJ1 nf NLJL': Th, ~~I~ ofThomu; N":shc (Lc>ndnn: Ro urlcdge an,l Kcgan Paul, 1984), 193-!.

9. C?n .'V;'ccn•r > Luh.:a, lurc ..:unnccri.ms, >Cc E . .A. J. H.migman, Slu1kcsp~arc: The Lost ) <'lll> (1-. lanchcsrcr: lo.Ltnc hc, rcr Uni\'. Pr~ss, 1985 ), 6-7 , S0-58 .

10. T. R._ ~•~>h, l-li.swry anJ Anti.juities of\Vorc<.st~r.sh ir<, 2 vnls. (LvndcHl, 17ti 1 ), 2: 246, h.!~ 1-.:dl) Ill rhe plH,>ry a t Lme<lSicr lor l<>rging >Oille ancienc title dcc<b. L~ngkr du Frc>llc1y h .1s hun l<l>lllg h1s cJr> in Lmdun o n a >imilar charg.: ( 1 :307). O rhers claim he was c"mxrc:,l ot coining. N.1 c\'iJcncc has been adduced fur any of the>e a>ser· IIUI\S.

11 . l'arkilb\ lcrrer rq>•>nmb: rh ~> inquiry i> in the: StJic: P<~p<:r> in the: Public Rcc,,rJ O lhcc, Kcw (S I' ~ 1 /7, Id,. H 3-!).

...

:"~I

. ~. ,.)n Dee """ Charl<>llc Fdl :Snurh, ),,}Ill/).:.: 15.!/-loLlS (L,mJ,m: L:.abi.•H, . I< ·• f'cl<'r j. French, John D.:.:: Th.: \1/ur/J of an Ell~,zb.: rltan lo.bgll> (LnnJnn: R.ouiicJ,., ,md Kcgan Paul, 1972); NJCill>ia> H . C lub:, )ulm 0,·.:', Narcn,.! P/ul.,,,,ph): 13.:c .. _. ,, S.:lcllC~ wul Hdigion (LcmJon anJ New Yc>rk: R,1urlcJge, 19tib); Bc:nJ,llllln \\ 'u, lk·, Tile Qu.:cn's Conjuwr: 1h.: S..:i.: nc~ anJ 1\!agi..: u/ Dr. D..:..: (LunJ,m: H~rpcrC,,IIu, 1000) .

I). Rderr..:J [<l hcncd~mh ob TFH. Ell.!> .-\,hmulc', C•'PI ,,f du, hll<lh \\'llh hi> olllll< 1 .•. t ion> ancl C<)rrc..:rions i> pre>cr\·cd in rhe &l.llcl.lll L1hrar1, 1\lS ,-\,hmnlc 5bv.

14. J•~>ten, A~lunolc, 1: lb5. IS. Chrisr<1phcr Wh1rby, John D.:c'> Accicms with S/JJrH.s: 22 O.:c.:mh.:r 15.:>1 111 23 \L.:·

1583. 2 vols. (N.::w York: Gc1rl.mJ Publbhing, 19titi). lo. The>.: arc: the Lib~r mysreriurum, s.:x1us cl ~anew~; -f8 Cl<uc> ,Lngdl.:al·: Lil>cr ~cldll··

uuxilij , & vicwriac 1cn.:sms; De hcJnanhiu mysci.:a; Tabula bununnn angdunnn: F1<11 ..•. menta inwcwionwn. (13riti>h Librar\', MS Sln.m.:: 78, 2575, 2599, 318ti, 31b9, 31':1! 3678, MS AJ,I. 366H, (,,I,. 167-titi; B,lJician L1 hrary, t-!S !\,hmulc 1790, 1·,,1,. H-56; 422; 1790, arr. 2) Snm..: cli the materia l is publi,hcd in R.1bcrr T urner, .:J .. n .. H<pwrchia Myscica o/ ./o/m 0..:..: (Ed inburgh: l'o.lagnum Opu, Hermcr i..: ::;;,,lll-..:.:,l , ,d, ,. 1983; 2nJ ~:J. , Wcll mgbnrnugh: .Aquarian Pres>, 19o6); Gmtfr.:y J.mlc>, .:J., Th. Enochian l-.l<~gic of Or John Dec ( 19ti4 ; Sr P.JUI, 1\IN: Lbn:l1n, 19Y4 ), ,m,l D .. n.d..J C . LayC<Kk, Th.: C mnpl.:r.: Eno.:hiun Dictionary: A Dicriunary of rh..: AngdJC Lm,-;1< .• ,.' as HcvcalcJ w Or John Occ .md f,hmrd k:dky ( 19 78; York Beach, lo.I E: Wt:i><'r, I ':194 ) See C lulet!, Jolm Dc..:'s Nawr<~l Philusuphy , 204 , 196-7,306-7.

1/ . British Library, MS Sl.1anc 3 !ti8, foL 9r; Whirhy, 1:18. I :>. lr is p<>ssibl.: tn ,l..:du..:.: ircllll Dcc'> J 1.try nnd >pinru.d rr.nb.Kfl•'lh 1h.u T .dhul \\ ,.

Kdly bur D.:..:'s ,hary wa, nnt publi,hcJ umil 1841 . When 1\l..:nc Ca,,lUbon pubil -h,J a large: parr uf the >piriwal crall>.!Cti<lll> in 165') he \l'it> nnr awar..: ,,f rhc ..:o~ rl1 , r mar.:rials dea ling with 1h..: s.:rycr unJ cr rh..: n<Jmc: uf T .db,1t; rhu,c m,mu,cnpL> \L<.:fc

lusr fwm vkw unril EliJ> .-\,hm,,k acquircJ rhem in 1672. 1':1. R. J. W. Eva11>, Hudolf 11 ,mJ his \VoriJ: .A Study 111 lrudb:u~<d 1-li>!oJ) 15/o-l ol~ .

COlT . ..:J. (OxfllrJ: Cl.m.:n,l<lll Prc:>>, 1984 ), 226. 20. On rhc sh<lW srnncs, ><.: t: H ugh T ait, "'T h.:: LJc,·il', L,1ukmg-GI.1»'; The: ~l. ,n l•.•l

S peculum ,,f Dr J,,hn Dcc," in Warren Hunring Smuh , ..:cL, 1-lor,u:.: \\.',dj><•l..: : \\"nc.J Politician, Cunnois>cllr (New Ha\'en anJ Loncl,m: Y.tle Uni,·cr>ity Prc>s, 1':1o7). l)L scrying ><!<'C. L Whirby, "J,,hn Dee anJ Rt:nab,,mce S..:rying," Bulletin uJ 1h..: ~ .. .~c~·. of Renaissana SwJi.:s 3 ( 1985 ): 25-35; The<xJ,,re J3..:,tcnnan, Crysrui-G,l~m~: A Sn.J:. in 1he 1-liswry, Oi.srrihu1inn, Th.:ury anJ Pracci.:..: ofSkJ)ing (L<Hlclon: RiJ..: r, 1o.)24 ).

21. For Jiscus>ivlh nf rhc >c >l<lllS, >t:<: E. lo. L Butler, The 1\!yth of the M<i!,'ll.'i (C.unbn,l,. ..: Cambridge Univer>ity Prc>s, 1948); E. M. Burl..:r, l<iuwl l\ !ugic (Cambndgc: C •• m briJgc Univer>ity Prc>>, 1':149), 158-81 ; L R. F. Cakl.:r, "Juhn D~::.: S1uJio:J ,., ·" • English N.,,,plawni>l," 2 vuls. (l'h. D. che>i>. T h.: Warburg ln>Utur.:, Um' .:r,IL\ of LonJon , 1952) ; Wayn..: S humakcr, "Juhn D..:c's Com·cr>atl<>n> Wllh :)l'lflt> ," 111 Henaissana C miosa, lo.lcdic,·al anJ Ren.1bsan..:c T .:xt> a nd Stucli.:,, 8 ( Bmgh.Hut. n. NY: MRTS, 1%2 ), 15- 51; Clulcc,)uhn De.:'s Nuwml Philosophy, 203-30; [)d-,r.Ji, E. Harkn.::s>, ''S h.lw> in the Shnwstcmc: A T h.::cllre ,,f .Akh..:my ,mJ .-\p,K,d\ I'>' u, the Angd C:.m\'l:rsari.ms o f Jnhn Dcc (I 517-1608/9)," H.:nw>s<lnc..: Qu,m<JI) .;';I (1996) : 707-37; S tcphcn C lucas, •· 'N,Hl c>t kgcnJ um ,..,d inspiccn,lum ,.,lu1u': In· spectival Knowledge anJ rh.: Visual L.,gic oi John Dce\ Liber J\ I )>L<'IhH'I<Hi.'' n, Al ison Adcun, and SrantLm J. Lind..:n , ed,., Embl<ms un.l Alch<my, G b ,gu\\ Eu.H,,, Studies, 3 (Gia,gnw: Gbguw Emblem Srudi.:,, 1998), 109-32; Debvr.1h I-L.rl1" .. John D~.:·s Conwrsauons uoith Angd.s: C.!btd..c, Akh.:my and 1he End of Nurw.: ll: .... .. bridg~ : CambriJgc Univer:>ity Prc>>, 1000) .

1'-tY::iTll:.-\L 1\ !H.-\L ()f ()l.)LD

11 l)rllt,h Lthr.tr\. 1-.IS :::il''·!lh.: ll:,~. 1 .. 1. 2·h-2Sr; \\'hnh1, 2: 7b-9. 1-.b ::;l ••. m..: )I:,<:>, f., l. 3~h· ; \X'hithy, 2: 126. 2 3.

2t>.

1-. IS Sl ... m..: HhS, 1;,1. '->t!v; \X'hitby, 2: >67. 1-. l::i :::il,•an..: 31o8, lol. ·H r; Whitby, 2: 118. t-.IS :::il .. an..: llo!:!, 1;,1. S':h·; \X'hirby, 2:2 18. t-.-!S Sl ... ull: 1186, 1;,1. 6 lr; Whitby, 2:220. L1n.ly Ahr.dum, ..:,1. , :\rrlwr D.:.:, F.t,.·h:ultc> l:lt.:uuctt> . t1l Clnuuc • .l L<~llcdhllll, lt.uh. Elt.h .-\,hmul..:, En:;lt>h R,;n.ot»~m..:..: l l~rll\dtLI>Ill, 6 (N..:w )'.>rk .mJ LunJun. Gar-l.m, l Puhlbhing, 1997), J:.o-b.ii. S.:..: R<~b..:n S. Brumh.1ugh, "Th..: Vn\ nt..:h 'R,,~..:r [l,,..:,>n' Ltph.:r 1\ Lim~>..:n pt : D..:..:iph-.:r.:cl t-. l. tp> ,,f Sr.u·,," ./cJIIllldl uj' th.: \l '<~rb11r~ ,mJ Cutcn.uc/.1 lmtitlll.:> 39 (I 976): I 39-50. Anhur'> .:.>mm..:m, at..: in .-\:,hmuk', p;Ip<:r> in th..: B.xll..:i.m Libr.1ry, MS A,hmnl.: 17Sb, fnb. 151 r- ,·. Th..:y ar,· pnm.:,l in Jo>r..:n, Allunol.!, -!: 13 72 anJ 111 G.:otfr.:y 1\:,·y 1\.:>, ..:J., Tit,• \X'u1b uJ .Sn· Thum,._, Bruu•Hc, -! vol:,. ( 192o; L 1nJcm: F.1b.;r and F.,h..:r. 1 ')b-l l. -!:2%- o.

lu. Th.?c~tnnll CllL·mi.:llllt Brll.llllll<Jnll, -!<:>1. .-\,lm~<>k r..:.:,r,l..:,l ,, h1ghly .:nl.>r..:.l ,r,ry •If K..: ll y', r..:..:..:t\·ing rh.: ,·lll< lr fn11n a lll)'>t..:riuu> fri.1r, t<IIJ h1111 by Wilham B.~<:khuu><! (l\IS .-\,hnh>l..: 1790, ,;,t,. bC-1, prinr,·.l in J•>>t..:n 2:603- 5). Annrh..:r , . ..,r,illn mid h1111 hy \X'illiam Ldly I> r..:wr.bl tn 1-. IS Ashm.1l..: -!2 I, f,,J,. 220v-221 , anJ publJ,hcJ in \Vdh.uu Ldly, 1/ t,tllry uf Hi; Lq~ ,mJ Tim.:s (Lun.l.m, 1622), 225-0. A>lllHul.: .tll.~o.:h ..:.l th> cr..:,kn.:.: h> 1hc ,wn..:>, nur no:.:J w.:.

ll Lc·ngkt du Fre>lh>)', 1:307-lu. The >h •ry ,, n.:p.:.n.:J m Lull!> F1glll.:r, L'Akhimi~ .:1

b Akhnnl>t~s. 3r,l d. (Pari>, 1860), 232tT. anJ in A. E. Wa1r.:, ..:J ., EclwarJ Kdly, Tit .: En~/i,/nnun's TH''' Ex.:di~ .H Trc.ui~cs un rhc Pitilosojlitcr's :itollc. Tugeth.:r wi1h The Tit.:.m.? uf Tarc•stri,.ll Asmmvmy ( 1693; n:pr., Larg.: Banr.m Prc:ss, 1991 ), xvii-x ix.

>2. s~~ Jull.ll1 Ruh.:rt:. anJ :\nJr..:\\ G. Wabllll, John V\!~·s Llbrc..~ry C~.HdlO~Hi.!, 34-5. ll. O n AJn.m G ilbc:rr an.l 1--·huy SiJn.:y, ,.,.: Juhn Aubrc:y, Aubr.:y's Bri4 Ln ~s . .,,1.

Olh er Ll\1><>11 D1d; (ll.trm,,nJ,w,mh: P.:nguin, 1982), 220. D.:c: haJ it» tru.:ll:J 1\l.try', hn>th.:r, l'hdip SyJney, in akh.:my; >l!l: Thum.~> 1-. f,,rf.:l, Nvbili:., ur A View oi th.• L1j",: and fJ.:Ulh of a Sicln.:y, .:J .• ud rr:u1>. V1rgil B. Hdr:d an, l Huyt H. Hucbo~n (S.m ldari n<l: Hunringrun Lihr.try, 19-!0), 75. Ralcgh, •1> Aubr.:y .mJ Lu.:y H111 .:hm,.H1 rt:..:llrJ, \\,I> a..: rin:ly invulvecl in akh.:mi.:al .:xp..:rim<'nt>; ><:<! LynJy Ahrah,un, 1\ f,m •.:ll ,mJ Al.:h~my (,-\kl.:r, lwr: S.:ular, 19~0) , 2- 3. On Humphr..:y Gil-h.:n', t' ~< >p•>>c:J Am.:ncm >.:trkm.:nt '"" lt B. 1-.h:rrim.m, " Sc>m.: Nut.:> cll1 rhc Tr.:.nm.:nr ,,f th.: En~l i>h Carh,>IK> m rh.: R.:ign ,,f Ell:,tb.:rh," :\m.:ricw1 Hisroricul Rc:t'lcl<, I 3 ( 1907-b): -lb0- 500. On Rakgh's a.:qu.Iinranc.:,hip with D.:o:, • ..:.: Wovl-k y, The l2~<ccll's L:cmjwor, 3L:9-ll , anJ Ral..:igh Tr<:vdyan, Str \1/al!.:r l~ubg/1 (Lon-,lun: l'..:ngui n, 100 l ), p.1."im.

>-l. 1-. IS ::il,>.m.: 3 1tltl, lul. 77\·; \XIhirhy, 2:29-!. l5. On SJ.:-1 ' "" Ruh.:rh .m.l \Vats•>n, )olul O,·~·s Ltf>~<n) , 51-2; .-\ lan ll.lyn.:,,lm ml>l.:

l'ou.:r: Tile Eli~,!h.!th.ul s~LTl't Scrl'IC.:' 157ll-16LU (StrliU.I, Ut\:: Al.m Suuon, 1992), 17, N - 46; E,·c:lyn Waugh, E,lnumJ CumfJilJil, 3rJ ,·,1. (Lm,!,m: Longmans, 1961 ), 10o, lbd. On Wal.mgh;un', i.n.:lligcn.:.: np.:rari.m,, '"" Cuni, Brc1ghr, Sllrt'.?lllaJK.?. J\ l iltto~ri>tll ,ud Dnunu 111 tit~ Eli~tlb...' litLin Em (L,>nJ,m: 1-. lacmill.m; No.:w Ymk: St 1\ larun', l'rc», l9~o) , 2-!-21, 10 1- 10, 27t>. Br..:ighr argu.:> rhar Wabingh,un w;.~> Burghky's pro1.:g.:, ,d..:.:t..:cl l•> run rh.: >tll'\'.:ilhm.:.: •>po:r,u iuth O.:>tabii>h.:,l by Bm-ghlo:y, .111J thar Burghlc:y l'<'>llllll!cl C:•>nt rul afr.:r Wal.ingh.un', ,!..:arh m 1590. D.:c w,1, .t»<ICiatcJ with b.>rh Burghl.:y .m •. l \\/,1l,ingham. On W.ll, in~h .nn\ .:,Inn.:crk>m "ith D..:c, '"c C,m\ Cr> R.:.1J, 1\ fr .s~.-r.?ldl')' \~'alsmglwm and lit.: J',lln "1 f.Ju~cn Ekah~lil , 3 ,.,,1,. (Camhndg.:: Han'alcl Univ.:rsi ry Prt:S>, 1925 ), 3:-!04-DS, -!3-!- 15.

:'l

JU. :0.1 ' Sl.>.m~: 3lt>o,lnl. 91r; \\'hnhy, 2:33'1--!0. "Cc>l>.Ill pl.tm" 1> pc:>ulli.,J.Iy d~e '-·• :-"''IJ,.

li. l\IS Shm.: )lob, h1l. 10-!r; Whnby, 2:1<:>';}-';}0. 3<:>. On La,ki >..:.: Kmht.nuy Zanru<~n, "Olbr.Kht LI>kl m Eh:.II•.: lh.m En.,l.u1J: .-\n E:., •

,.,J., in rh.: 1-li,wry of Culruro:," l'olJ>It R.:u~w l l,-l ( 196!l): 3-22; E' .llh, 1\ ... L; 11 , 219-20.

3~ On 1-!t:rl.:, ,.,., H.,1n.:>, lnt·l>thl.: l'uucr , S-9, lo; ].>hn 13.>»\. Ll~o•r.Lnh• Llllln ••• u.J ~rEmb«ssv Aj)~ur (N.:w H.w.:n .mJ LmJ,m: Y.tl.: Um' .:r>HY Pr.:», 19'1 I). 2o- >-! 10 1-D-l; Ali,,m Pl.m·,l.:n, Th~ Eli~uh.!tlwn ScLI.!I .Scrtl(.; (H.:md H..:mJ'>tc: • .J: 1-Lr· \'l!>tcr Whcabh.:ai; New 'l".>r~: Sr 1-.Luun'> Prt:», 1991 ). 25- 29; Cun~> C. Br..:t,:ht Surwilumcc , 106-D7, 2-!2 , 256, 277 .

.jJ. Bo:,y, Giurd.uw Bnmu, 22-7. Th.: i'""''bdtry th.ll l3runo~ .ud F.•g•ll Ill-<\ .n"l h .• ,. bt:cn rhe s.un.: pc:r><>n I> .~11,,,n:J in J"lm Bu,y, L'nJ.:1 th.! 1\lul.;htll: <Ill Elc~Jt>.:UI .. J. Spy Swl) (N.:w I lav.:n .m.l LnnJ.m: Y.1k Un,,·.:r>ll\' Pr.:», 2001 ).

41. Zanruan, "Olbr.Khr LI>kl," 15, .:nm~ Wat><m ·, kll.:r ,,, Lt>~i, Bnu,h L1hr.1r\, :-.1;:, Sloan~: J 731. Wal><m h.1J >p.:nr >llllll! um.: .11 [\lu.u, rh.: ,.;mm. I!)' h1r rr .. uu~o~ Carhoh.: pn..:>~> w b.: ,_,nr ,,:cr.:rly n1l<l Engl.md, an,l h.: f,>nnc:J .1 cunn.:.:It•ll1 "nh Walsingham when rh.: l.m.:r wa> ;nnb..t»OI.Ior 1n P.tn>. Hi> P""m l\ld1bu:lu ~>.m .:k~y f,>r Walsmgh,un. J.ul..:.l inr k 1llm~ Jn inn-ke.:p.:r'> ><H1 wh~> wa> h~1ving a hght \\ 1tb Chri>tnpher t-.-.f.trl..l\1•.:, h.: \\·a, a.:qulll ..:,l un th.: gniLmcl, •lf ,dt-,ld.:n.:.:. I ll, J>><>Lt.l· nnn wirh M.trkl\vc anJ W,tbmgh.un i> g.:no:r.JIIy l,tk.:n t•> ind1.:.1r.: rhat h..: \\,t, "n' nf rh.: laner'> ,.:.:r.:r .tg.:ms. Sec Ch.trlt:> Ni.:h,>ll , Th~ ~~~ckorung : Th.! 1\.lurJ..:I uJ Citrisropha l\1 ,n·luu·~ (LmJ,m: J,u,.uh.m C.1p.:, 1 9~2).

42. MS Shm~: 3188, td>. 107r- IO!:!v; Whir by, 403-6; TFI( I. 22. 25. -!3. On La.ki's appn>:I.:h Ill Alkn >l!<: Amhuny a w.llxl, ArhcllLI~ 0,\oJltl.!ll>l;, '"I I

cob. 574-5. H . TFR, 5-6. The n.nn.: ,11 Fn:m.m .m, l Frc:.:m.m(,) r.:t.:u~> m >l:>.lo:.:mh-..:.:mury l)l, ,..:kk\

r.;cor.ls. S.:c H. E. t-.t. l..:dy, BL,ckl.?y Through Tud1.! c~1uun~,; Anu,1/, oJ Ll Cut>t,,.LJ Puri>h (AI.Iburgh, Nllli.ulk: Er,kmc Pro:», 1 9~d), 27. 15- 37, -!1. -!!:!,51, 5b.

-!5. Se.: Nichull, A C11/J of N~u s. 19+-91l, and Th.: /l,;.:k .. nmg, 2H-l9. -lb. Clul.:.:, )ohu D~.t'> Nawral l'ililosopity, argue> rh.tt K..:lly m.mipul.n ..:.l the >J' lfllll.,l

Jialogu.:s "t•l Jr.l\\' D.:.: aw.ty t'r•>lll Engl.mcl, br.:.1kmg hi, t i.:> wtrh hl> lll\lr,· >< .1 ~r ,cknriti.: \\'\lrL Th.: k.:y de m..: m mthi> "'"' rh.: apr.:.u;uK.: ,,j Albr.:clll L.t>~i" \1 ~i)

-!7. Fur an .JCC•>llnl oi L1>k1's \'i>lt tu OxfclfJ >l!l! R.1phad H<>hn,h.:J, Hulnt>h.:J', Uu, .,,, cks of EnglunJ , .S.:.,danJ lllld lrd.mJ, 6 \'Ob. (LunJ,m: J. l •>hn,..>n, lo08), -!:501~-;:, anJ J. G. Nich,,J,, The l'ro1,~·~,,", and Pw.:o!S>IIJliS of Qu.:.;n Ekal"~Clh, 2 vu b. lL •nJ •ll

1821), 2:398- -!11. O n Brunn'> Oxf,,rJ J.:bate>, """ R,>b.:rt t-.kNuh y, "Bnuh> . 11 Ol<· ford," n.:naiS>llllL~ N~u s, I ) ( 1960): 300-5; nn Brun•>'> a.:qu.umanu: with :::,.ltll'\ ro wlwm h.: J.:,hc.Itt:J ,1 number nl h<>ok>, '"" Franl:<:> Y.lll.'>, GIJJr.lunu B~t~n" o~nJ 111, H.?nnccu: Tnulwon (LnnJnn: Ruutldgo: & Kcg.m P.1ul, 196-!). D.:>ptl..: th.:tr 'un.l .. r inrcre>t>, tht!r.: I> thl n:.:nrJ th.tr Brunn "'·.:r m.:t D~:o: <ll' Kdly, .:llh.:r m En"l..m.l .• 1

rhi> rim.: or b rcr m Eurnp.:. -\b. PO, 21; Fo:nwn, 100; TFR, 33. Kdly'> cl.:p.mur.: fr,Hn En~bnJ m.•y b..- .m ·' l' l' r" r r•·'''

!X>int tu n•H.: th.H rho: ,·an•lU> ~r•JI•·•qu.: a.:ri' ltk> m L.m.l•>n annhu1.:.l t•> Kt.:! I. 11. Po:rcr A.:kroyJ\ n.wd Th.: Hut~>.! oJ Oo..:wr O~c (Lu,,l.m: H,uni,h H.muhun. I 'J ' ' I arc wirh<>llt ,my b.l>l> m rhc: ht,wric.II r.:.:.>rJ. N,, J.., t.tnr.~> tic 1> the >llllll1td.IIl~ u 1' of Kelly'> >Plnl m Umb..:rr<l E.:n'> n.wd, Foucuull':. PcnJulwn ( 19oo; L.>n.l.>n: P1..: .. ..1. r 1990), 591-92 (ch.lpt.:r 11 ~).

49. TFR , 212. On H.ij.:k, s.:c Ev.111>, 1\uJolf ll , I 52, 203-D4, 221. 10. Evans, RuJolf 11, 223.

51. l)n l'u._ l "'' IJ.\U; Fr.tllcc,.:d 11u.:.:t, L:lr.:r.:, ,/llc lllll..:Jlll c'I IL'> CII Ihll lldll~L'. l'cl. L. Ftrp-> .111.1 R. l't.ll l•olt , 2 1ub. (FI,Hc·n..:.:, 195)- 5') ); L. Ftrpu, ''J .. Im [), . ..,, >Ul'n: t,Hu, n.:-J.:h llll.lllll' <: ·" l'c:l11 lln.:r .. ," l~lllii><'II IIL'IHI J 3 ( 1952): 25--;')4; .mJ ~ l m.uu Elt.11 -Fd,lun , "S.:c l\.:1 ~dl' ll'lll'>, U1t1p1.1> ;u ,, l P.:J.:.: PL111>: Th.: C.l>C ,,, FranC.:>ctl Pu.:c i," )uumul u/ ;\hlk'l .tl unJ I~L'llui>S,UJL'L' Slltdr.:> 14 (19~4 ) : 13<J- 5ti.

)2 Th". \' ii'IJ .tc.:uwu , ,,· th l> .:x rr.l<lf,lon.try .:pi,.xf.:, prc'"" .:J 111 d1.: B.1J I.:r.tn Llhr,lry (~b :-\ , hm,•k· 1790 an . I , 1<11>. 1- IY), 11.1> Ji>cul·.:r.:J .mJ 1 1~11\>I,H.:J t'mml hl' Latin hy C. 11. J•""'n .,, "An Unknuwn C h.tptl'r in the Ut.: of J••hn ll,·c," )uum,d o[ 1hc \\ l,n hmg <lllJ C:uun.tuU hblillll<'> 2b ( I 965 ): 22 3- 57 .. A >el'l' ll l..:<.:lll h -n :nlllry tr.ub la-ri,1n i, prt:>l'l'l'eclm 1hc Rriri,.h Library, MS Sl t~. lll <.: 3645, (.,1, . 22- Jt:l, .md i, J wwn ' Ill h\ Fc' IHLlll , I b)-9 I.

5>. O n VdO: n1 R<~: 1 nhc•k . ·''"' E,·,llh , Ru.lulj 11 , b4-~. 212-111. ()n P..:!..: r \ '.,J, R.,:mherk, rhr,l, 14(\-+3 . L.,,ki ·""' a'pir,·,l 1t1 1h.: l\11i, h dll'ttlll'. Ncu hc:r 11·a, >lll'ce,_ful.

5-I E1·an>, Ridlllj 11, 22 3. (I .till incld•lccl Ill Su:ann.: K1.:rn.m t~1r th.: Iralb ldri,)ll.) 55. TFH , 26 l2n.lp.tgin.tll<lll l. 56. TI-U , 429; h .m, , Rudulj 11 , 22l . 57. TFH , 42<), 4H. Ftm h.:r .l.:i.nb inl :lulc<', )uhll /).:.: '> ,\ \ uur,d l'lul"'"i'/n, 226, 300 11.

7d. Thl' L.~n,lgr.llc .11 1hi, lime 11a, Wdhdm. Hi>'"" ~ ! ,Jru : h.1J , tr.,;lg .tkh .. n11.:al llHt:ll'>h. ::ice Bru.:c T. i\l,•ran, The AldtL'IIlic,ll \\,'uriJ uf Ih<' GL'nlldll Courr: Occul! PhtlosPJ>It~ ,md Clt.:JntcJI ~I diem.: m 1hc Cird.: o[ .\ luru~ uf I b >t:ll ( 157 2- 1632) (Sturr-g.tn : Fr.m: S~cmer \'crl.tg, 1')9 1 ). O n D.:.: .m,l 1h.: L.mJgr.ll'<: >l'l! Ahr.1ham, t:J ., An hur ()cl' , Fcf3C!Citlll> ChL'mr.:u, , l~ii t.

):-> El.llh, Nu,lolf 11 , 216, 215; PD, 21 - 30; Fl'nl.ul, 20 1- 39. Fcnr••n', Ir.m, ..:ripu" n ut the clt.try t.:nJ .:ro d1l' n.un.:, ut' l' l>ll<lf> nturc ; ~~.: cur,ttcly rlun Hall tlll' ll .

5') I'D, 22;_1-.:nl un, 204. TrJJh lariun t'r,,m th.: LJ IIn in R.tlph ~. t rg..:nr , At tit .: c,,1m ,,f l,_lu .. ·n Ek<~IIL'tiJ: Tit.: Lij<' .ma L)l'ics u/ S•r Edu arJ 0 )·.:r (N-:11· y,,rk: Oxt:•rJ Un11·er>ll\' Pr.:,,, 191 5), 102. D.:l' rd cr> ru thl' ToJr', inl'ir.lll<lll in hb Comj>L'Il.lwus I<L'ilL'ilT><tl prtlll <'J in Jam.:, Cr<~>>ky, .:J. , Alao~bro&~·,, pllicll l Tract.> 11f Dr ] 11hn 0 <'.: (lllanch..:,ler: C hcth.m, S••c t..: l), 1851 ), b--9. The rcxr ,,f rhc: inl·it.lltlln is pruu..:J in R1..:hard H.tklu)'l, l'rill ciflt~l Nul'ig.uium , 12 ,._,1,, (G iaog<lll' , 190! ), 3:445-tS.

llll . l'\,1,!1~ t . ll ~ Ltbr. try. li !S Ashm. tl.: 171)8, ti •b. 15 l r- 15 11·, prinr..:J in )uol..:n, A, lunuiL', 4: I J tl - t l an,l tn f.:<'\ 11<:>, Bn·u·n<', 4: 196-ti. O r her a<.:<.:<>unro by Arrhur Dcc arc: in to. IS A, lt nhJI.: 17o8, !; ,(. I 53 , pnntc:d in J• ~> I <:n, 2:755 <Jn, l Kcync>, 4:293; o~n,l in BnJ k i.tn Lthr.tr)' i\ IS BaiLu, l 14, 1;,1,. 13- 141', pnnic:clln J • ~>I<:n , 4: 175 7. On :\rrhur l )e~, '"",LI' '_,.Iy :\hrah.un, ":\nhur l1.:.:, 1579- 165 1: A Ltf..:," Cu,,J" J>,n viiiS, n.,., 13,_ ( 1 9 ~4 ) . 1- 14 (rcpnmc,l 111 rh~> cullc.: llun), ,mJ 1h.: uur, xfuc!l<ln eo LynJy :\ hr.th.tm, cJ. , :\rrhur Dec, Fasc"i.:ulus C lt.:mrcu,.

nl i\ IS B.tl l. trJ 14, h•b. l l- (4 ,·, J' rintl'cltn )ll>l<:n, : \.>luu!IIL', 4:1751:>. (J2. F.:nh•n , 22 l; >dill<.: l'·'"·tgl'> lrtllll the >(llrttu.tl rc:C<ltJ , <lllllll<.:cl h\ C,t>,luh,lll arc

pnm .:J Ill Fclll <l ll , 224. Fcnn n 241 n . I, >llgt;<.:>t> rha1 1h.: "cru»- lll.ltchmg" 11·a. r.:pc·.tt.:, l. The l'(' l><~lc h.t> h.:cn u,.:J "' lht: ouhjl'cl r;,r ,1 pl.t)', ThL' AldtL' Jllit:t~l \\'.:JJmg hy ~lt:)'h c·n L l\1'<.: , hr>l pcrJ. l[Jnt.:J in Bnrai n .tr rh.: S.tlt, bury Pl,lyhnuoc in to- lay 1998. (R"' tcl\'.:,l m Th.: \\'d.ly T&.~~·t~ph , 356 lt<. lay 20-~ Lty :!6, 19981: 24.)

nl. C'11 lpcpcr', an,l Ltlly', accllunt> nf cxpcnmen t> ll'llh De.:', <.'r)'>t.tl .trc r..:p .. n..:d m J•>hn .Applchy, "Anhur Dc:e .md Jnh.mn.:> B.infy Hun yaJc.: Further lnt'urm.Jr11111 llll dlctr :\kh,·mJCa l an,l l'r,,t..:, ion.tl :\cti l·trico," Ambix, 24 ( 1977): 9b- 109.

ll4 . Th~\ .11'1.: prinrl'd Ill E.luu.trJi J-.:.:1 ~!!( :\n~li Trac' l<liiiS Dllu E.~~·cgii o~ Ul/Jt.IL' PllilmufJ/)(1-I~I lll, Un,, C:11nt Thc,uru Asmmintia: T..:n .:sni, .:,I. J . L. ~1. C. (H.unhurg: Gnchot'r.:cht> :::i.:hul! :cn, 1676), 40--4 2; rran,la r..:J in Wc~i tl', E.lw,rrJ f.:d ly , 51- 53.

:J' hnt<Hl 1Jcntihe> R,>llla,.:hy .t> l'hdl)'pll> R.1utl l.,,chu, 1242 n. 15) 11,.., , l.t t .: , cd!Jh>guc lt>b " C<>py ,,f !he nr. t Fr.:nch .:J llhlll tll Den t> Z.~c.mc', UjJll>Llto. Tl. -ExcdiL'nl ..le kt t1<lY<' Philu>upluc Jwundl..: J.:, 1\IL'tulf.\ (:\lllll.:rp, !5o/), .mJ J '"·""' , .:npr ,11 ><> 111 French. (Se.: Rohcrt> .mJ W,lt><Hl , John Uc <''> L1h1ul) C,aulu;;Jt, , Hell. · 1546 , MSO.) p.,, ,bly it ll'.t> Ihi, l.llt.:r manu>diJ'l d1J1 11 ,1> dn irll) .:J. In h t> Jt.<i,

l>~r July 3 1, 1590, Del' n:wrJ, "I g.JI'<.: 1\lr R~<.:h.1rJ C.mJ~>h Ihc <.:llJ'\ .,( Z.d .. trH.> 1\l'<.! h- t! l.:ll<.:r>, 1\Ttncn in Fr.:nch ll'll h Ill)' •>11'11 h,m,l; .m,l h.: pnunt>c·cl Ill<.:, h:I.Ic my wik, n ..:1·er ru J i,d "'" l<l any rlu r h.: h.trh 11 ; .md Ih,n tl h.: J te hcl,•r..: 111..: 1 .. wtl l r<:>lnrc: ir ag.tin l<l m.:: bll! if I Ji.: hd~ll'l' h11n , d1.11 he , h,tll Jd11 l'r tt Iu nn, , i Ill \' >lln>, m,~> r ti1 IF..:nl lln: ",1p1"l Jllh ll1J; th.:m t•• h.tl't.: u " (1'0 , 35; F.:nhHl, 21.', Halltwdl ', Icxr h.t> " Paraccbu,'' f,,r "Z,tch.triu,' ' ).

l'l' S..:..: Moff.:t, Nub1lis, or:\ \ 'il' ll' uf rh<' Lt[c ,mJ D<LILft <•} ,, Skill.:) . /5. ll f .

0.:>.

10. 71.

- 1 I - ·

13.

/ 4.

15.

i o. 77.

l a.

N .

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Sargl'nl, O).:r, 102. The lcrr..:r i> prc><:r,cJ 111 1h.: Bn u,lt L1h1.try (t<. l::i li.1rl.: t.t n D'.lbh .11r. 2o) .• nJ 1 ,,1 h,h.:J in H.:nry Ellt>, eel. , O ngilktl L..:ucn u/ Enlllll' lll Lu.:r.n) .\IL'll oJ chc l01h . 1,- ,,_ and l8ch Ccnun rL's (L,,nJ<H1, 11:>43), 45-tb. In Crn,l~y. :\~rwhtogrJ[>Iu.:al Tr<~<:t.> , 32- H . Evan, , RuJol[ 11 , 226. Publtc R..:wr,I O rti..:.:, SP 15/3 1, t. •l. 4S, pmH..:,It n ),•lm ::-,lf\ J'c, :\llu,.I,,J Ilk t\.:j

liOn , 4 1'<11>. (L)xfnrJ, 11:>24), I'll!. 3, pi. 2, 133 . Sir\J'l' ( 132-3 3) LjlldlC> :.<1111<: wll.·

m..:nr> uf O..:c'> earl ier 111 rh t> l.:n .:r whKh h.: c.1ke, '" rd..:rnn.: Ill Kdl1 , bur d'"i ' " f .KI rd.:r 1u ,m un iJ cnllricJ p<:r>lln in rh.: L,m· c:,,lllll rtt.:> 11ll<lm De.: h .. d >l'•l[(d .•• a pol..:nu.;l .1g.:m f,,r \X' .;bmglu m. Sec: .tl,., Rm t>h Lth .tr\, i\ IS L.m,J""'n" o-to . " 1-216-7, w nwinmg the wpy ,Ji a p.tl..:ll! ut klllgiHh,l<xf gr.J111 eJ h\ RuJ,•Iph tu 1(,11 1 in J lc!tcr of Fcbru .. tr)· 23, I 590. Sn.:my Cd.L' od ILia 1526 (Prague, l t:>7'i - 19 10 ), 7, lhl. 41 2 1 11~9), cl!.:J 111 £, _, ... RuJulf 11 , 22on. Liam ~ la.: Ccid, "f..:l'll t.:) ••f lm.llll) t," LunJun U.:IIL'll ••J Uuul.., 2!, ll) (t<- 1.,\ ~4 . 2:: , , 4. My C<>ll t:.lgu.: rh.: hu .: B. f.: . ~lartm .:cun.: ILl a >inul.u cundu>h•ll ll'dtll lu, .e:>..llull•-• ri ,>n nf the lri, h r.:cur,l,. Angd u M.tri.l R1pdlm••. tl!t~.;:r.: l'r<~,:u~ , ll .. llb. D.ll·t.l Nc11 ldll tl l.mndl1 , cJ. ~ Id .... H.:nry H..: im (L,m,lun: Pic<~Jm, 1995). 97. Vl.tJnnir f..:arpenku, " Bohcm tctn Nub iltry .tn,l .-\ l.:hc·tll) 111 th.: SccunJ l l.dl 1 ;1., Six i.:cmh C ..:mury: Wilhdm uf Ru,cnbt:rg .mJ T11ll .-\k h .:mt>t>," Ct~uJ. t 1' ... ' ·•> n.s. 15,2 ( 1996): H . Pubh, hc,l in S!r)pc:, A11nub, ,.,,1. 4, l- 2. F,•r P.nknh, '"" L),\i /3 . Thcam mJ ChL' lllKtfl ll BrirunnJ.: tml . 4o l -o2; :\rh<'ll<l<' 0.\lllll.:ll->'>. 1.2t:>J .. -\1 d .... l .. in a lccr.:r ll> ~ lr. A IJri..-h in NLlrwich, 1649, .~ ),,, C: ll<.:> L,>rJ Wtlluughb1 .1> .1 "tiJ .• --of tr.m>mur.tliulh in Bohcnud (mt~mn.lrt<m ln>m S1cphc·n Cluc.~>, Btr~h..:d c ,.(l,_, LonJun Un 11·cr Hy). Dt.:c:'> '" ' " r.uu B.lrth,•l••lllcll HKkm.m, wh .. r..:pl.tccd 1-:dL . De.:', >C r) <:r hack 111 Engl.mJ , l<.:!l D.:c', ><.:rl' lc.: h1r L 1rJ \XIdl,,ughby ' '11 D.:cut.ru 2, 1594 (PD . 51; Fenr.m , 268) . Evam, UuJvli 11, 226; Wane, E.lu,nJ /-:, 11:> . "':-.~1; J .t~'f ll<:> 1.111 L..-nnq .. .;~, , ..... Conmbuliun a l'lu.>[cJifc J.: l'arr ulduUUtJllc ( Bnt>,d ,: C rccll! c.nnlllllll.tl, I y~) ), ::, Publt, h..:J 111 S1rype, Annllls, 1·nl. 4, f-o. Burgh Icy'> L.<)l'fC>I'<'IlJ.:n.:c 11 n l. f..: ell, , dbcuooc·J bndl\ in C~tl)'<.: f> Re;lJ, LurJ Burghl.:y un.l (.Jll<'<' ll EIJ~,,b.:dt (LmJ .. n J. ,, , than C.Jpc, 1960), 474- 76. Sec B. W. &:cking>.tlc, Bw!;hlc' ): TuJur Sr<ll<'>llhlll 1520-15<Ji'l (l.lnJ .. n: ~1..-tt.lll ... New Ynrk: Sr i\ lartin', Pro.:», 1967 ), 2h l. O n Palal'i..-inLl, >cc L tiiT<"IKc Sltlllc, An Elt ~.chcdlHn. Srr 1/,>r,l!hJ P,LLac.:ut .. ll h l. , 1 C lar.:nd,m Prc» , I 956).

bo 1\ IYSTI 1.. :.-\ L l\ IET:\L OF l)()LI l

t:>~.

tll. I "'" gr.ildulll> Su:.u1n.: 1-..: to:tn.tn f<>r th.: tr.ubl.ll h)l) 111 1111 the lt.dt.tn. On :-,..:ut tu, >o."L" Rtp.:llinll, <'- l,r_.:r..- l'rugu.:, 103; Tit.: Fugg.:r 1\;.:u>-L:u.:n (>ccunJ :..:ne>)

13..-mg '' Funlt.:r S..-1..-crHIIt }rum 1lt.: Fugg.:r Papers Sp~cially R4.:mn~: w (,)u..-.:n Ekab.:1h <Jn,l :\ l,ut.:r> R<~r~rng 111 En~:lmtJ During tit.: Y.:.rr, 1568- / 605, H.:re l'ub/i,hd fur 111.: Frr>1 Tun.-, .:J . \ t..:r" r \'on ld.m1 tll, tr;nb. L. S. R. Byrno: (LmJ .m: J•>hn L m..:, The B,><ll..:y Heo~cl , 19 ~6}, 203, 208. R. J. W. h an>, UuJulf 1/ , op.:..:ulat.:o .tbmu "OJ ,KtrJu, S..:.>tu._" th.: oillrlh>f ,,f th.: Vr.:nn.I lll.lllli>Uipl, Stx:..-ulwn Aldtciiii<IC, ci.:Jt..:ateJ [I)

RuJ ,,JI :_ ''S..:o.>tl t> I> <HhH h.:r .m i.l.:nrtli.:J , lleeting ligur.:-ht> Chri>lian n.unc oeenh llllbl olt .:n t•' bo.· I'<.:Cilrcl.:cl a; A l.:;,:mJt\1 .tncl h io •>rigllh ,t0 h.tlt.m" (21 0); "th.:r.: ar.: tll'<> >.:p.lr:u.: qu.:oth>ns h.:re: ll'h.:tho.:r Kd ly anJ th.: ><.H:.dl.:cl 'Sco.>rro' wcr.: lltl<' anJ rh.: o.un.: ; .lll,lwh.:th.:r Kclly ll'f•>te rh.: tr.:.•ri, .:" (217). From Puc.: i', lcttcr ..:1tcJ here <lllcl W.:hbc'> ut June 26, 1591 (Bririoh Lihr.tf)' !l-IS Lan,J ,,\1 11 <.: 68 nn. 93, f,1Js. ~ 10-11 ) ur.:-1 l.1tcr, th.:r.: io n.> J nuht that " C.>unt S..: .. nr.>, cl t>tlllc t fr.ml Kd ly, .lt<l cxior.

:-. ~ S.trgclll , D~cr, III -I ~ -85.

bll. li7.

~0.

Fr.tllcl> B.lclln, ",-\p,•phtl t.:gn ~>," 111 Tl1.: \\'or/..; ,,f Fnmu; Bacon, cJ. B .. ,d 1-.lunt.tgu.:, 1 """ · (L"nJ.,n: Wdli.!nt P1 ck.:nng, l ti~3 ), 1:1 22. l'uhlioh.:J in Slr}p.:, :\nnc~k ,·ul 4, 3-!. Sec Phdlip> an,l f-:.: .ttm.m, T h.: Slw/...:;f>co~r~ C.,n>lllr.tc'), 105, ll lJ- 1 ~ 1 . 1 5~. Ni.: lt, ll , Th~ Rc·rkoning, 259 Ni..: h,>ll J i>..:u>oco H.,>yJun'• go.>\'.:rnm~:m ll'<>rk an,l a>ou-<:~. 11 tun; \\' llh ~do~rJ,,wc, rhu.l . , P·~>>im .

R, h.:rr H<><>k..:, Tli.: PrwiHmlcll" \\ 'orb (L.>n,l\ln: R•ch.1rcl \'i.'.dlcr, 1705; f,te,lmd..: r.:pr., L mJ un: Frank c ,,, 1971 ). !Uo. I h.n ~ mn,l.:rni:.:J thc opcllmg. Whuby (I : I lH-:-6 ) ~xam1n<.:> the Cf)'i"t"gr.lphic d.unt> .mcl i;, ,..:cptlc.tl. So wao baac D'brad i, Anl~nw.:s oJ LHcl'<Hur~ (I ~40. LonJo.>n :m,] N..:w Ynrk: G.:mg<: Ruud..:dgc, n.J .), "Thc Ck..:u lt Phrl<l>llph.:r, l )r n .. .., ... H l-!. S.:.:rt:r ;cri' ice work by De.: .mJ J...:dlr b ..l»llll!CJ 1~1 R~.:h .1rJ Dc<~<.L>n, )olm D~.:: S.:i~mi; l , Gco.~~-,lj,J.a, Asm,/ug,·r ,md Scc1·.-t Ag<!m

10 Elr~.~b.:rlt I ( L,H~cl ,,n : ~r.:cl.: ri.:k l\ lullcr, 196d.) Firm ..:vicl t:nce j, mc:l' it.1bly lacking. ~·~r rh.: clcc,xlmg ul :-i1<!gm1ugraphw, ' "" Th,>m •• , Ern>r, "Sd l\L,Jr:wcio.>e 1-. !agic. D.:r ::-.c hl~r,d =•::' ~ ,lmt ..: r~ Bud~Jc:r St.:g.mugr<~phia ~k: , Trith.:miu>," o,,plmi:. ~ 5,1 ( 1996}; Jun h ..:..:d,, Sol,·c:J : fh .: C tph.:ro 111 l1>uk Jlj nl Trilh.:mi uo' St,'J,!•IIIOgl·dl>iu<J ," Cr)'/>10-lo~:r.r 2~.4 ( 199b); w, ... ,ll.:}. Th.: QIIL'<!ll'> Conjuror, 72-81. (13m hh L1hrary, Il lS C. >rtlll- Li h. T ltuo 11). Publ i>hd in St"'l'" Annah 1·ul 3 2, 6 17- 20. . , • ' . . pt.

The rc:fc:rc:n..:c 1<1 \'.:niCe 1> r" th.: .KII\'Itlco rho.·rc ,,1 the ..~l..:h.:nuor ll l.tmt1g-n.m •. ,._l\Lm:u ~~~~t :>nh > Brapclin•-::-"·h•..:h 1\'C:rt: later bdtt:\'c~ t. > b.: frcludult:nt. Se~: R1pdlmo, ,\ fo~glc I h1g11.:, 103; Th.: Fr rgg~r N<!II'SIL'tiL'rs, Bcing a Sd.:.:tiun uf Uupubbh.:J Lclla~ from thL' ~:un<!sponc.l~m, of 1 l1~ HtJ1rsc of Fugga During 1h<! Y~<~r; /568- /605 , .:d. Vt.: t<>r \ '\Ill f-:brwill, fr<lll>. Paulmc: J c: Chary (Lunclon: John Lane, The BuJky 1-bJ, 1 9~ 1) , 140-1J, 146, . 4/i, 149-) L). J_•:•d Sni~ck, ".-\ n~lu:ky .1lchyn11>ta Kdly \' C.:..:h,i..:h ," 111 Ohrd~Y ~ kiJIIlrmi..-/1 JJjin ~c.>k)c~ O_r.~gu..:, 1891 ), 1:112-!7, anJ "Akhymic ,. C.:ch.ich :.1 ,luby RuJ nli'.1 ll ," rh1J ·· - :4ti-J I , cited 111 Rtpcll mo.>, ~ lagi..- Pr,tgllc, 97, 99, 103. h-.111 Snr,ik, "John D..:t: ~n,l Ec!w;u ,l Kcll..:y," K~mn:IS IT!>.: )otmlal of Cz.:,·h.~lumk and C:ntr,d Eur(Jpcmt Studies) J ( l l)l:i6) : I 34. 11-.m S\'ll,tk, 1--:uu~dnik ~ Lundynu: )uhn D~c t• Cccach, 158-1-1598 (Prague, 1994); 11',111 Snr,ik, Sir EJwar,l Kcll.:y: c~sk) l)'tir 1555- 1598 (P , 1991) J . WJ ' r.lgue,

·ell..: m wnllll.:y, Tit.: Qu.:.:n's Conjuror. O n S.:nJimgiu, in Prague:, sc:c abu E, .lib, l<uJolf 1/ , 2 11. 1-.IS L:u, J ,,w,1·· 6" ~- 1· 1 1''1- 11 1 1

• u no. u) , ">. " - - J, pu 1 I> lt:c in Str) p<:, .-\llnLlb, ,.,,1. ), pr. 2, 62 1-25.

·~ :-nn''-'· Ann.ll:., n>l. 3, pt. 2, I H. :;~) L,>gJn Po.:.tr~.11l ::.nu rh, l'cl. , T/tc Lrjl! .mJ Ldl-n •'} Sn I kill) \\'uu,n 2 '' ·"- \1..):-J 1.1

Cldr,·nd<ll1 Pr.:o>, 1907), I: 16- 17. (T it.: kllcl un,l.:r ,h,.:u»l\lll I> lldt mclucl.:.l u, th~> collo:ctinn.) Gcr.tiJ Cur:on, \X'oHcJII ,mJ 1-ft> \'i'ud,/.,: Sp)IIIJ,!, S.-r.:n.:.: c~nJ \ '.:IlL!•.••• lnmgucs (Ph.!.JJdphl.J: >.hbno, !004), H .

-.:., \\'t:bb.: wa' nnc uf Burghl.:y'> .:nun .:r>. In 1591 he· 11 ,., .:h.1rgo.·,l 11 uh .;,Hnul..:, .11 •• 1 pMJ nncJ m 1591; """ NJLh,>ll, Th<! R.:.:/...,nin~ . !59, 1t:>7n, cum.; PRL) :::.P 12, 2>'.1 n,J. 20. Thi> io pr.:oull\,Jhly the 1-. lr. W..:bbc wh ... n,·.; no.HC:;, \1 ,1> L\IJIIIII)([<:,l t•> the 1-.IJrchd><!a, D.:.:.:mbcr 21, 1593, wh<>ll\ he: \'loll> th.:r.: J.mu.lr} ! 6, 1594 .mcl "! 11 Lu111 he wnr.:s Mo.~r..:h 10, "ul"-'tl .1 tltghr ,,f k.1r b.:.:.Ht>C ,,( 1-.lr Wd,h..:'• o.:nclmg lnr m.: t .. .;,m1c Ill him to rho.: 1-.I.Jr.:h.:bc.l, lll111' when he l•l<>kccl r,> be ,;,,nJ..:mn.:J un thl 1-. lomi.Jy <>r T u.:,Jay n.:xr"( PIJ, 47-lti; Fem.m, 2o3--64).

'7 / Wt:bbc', in>tru..: t i<llh .1r.: puhlt,h.: .. l 111 Srrypc, .-\nn,J/., , ,.,,, 3, pt. ~. 115-lo. Tl.c Publ ic Rc:.:.>r,l Oflicc lh>kls Queen Elt:.~b..: rh', k n cr> r,, RuJ ,,It· ll (::>P o0/ l , ,,,1. I llJ .mcl the El..:ctm ,,( S.,x.my (SP 81/7, f,,l. 31 ).

:1:-. . Th.: Fugg.:r N<!n>-LcH..-n, li r>t >en.:>, loV-61, l o~-ol; ,,_.,,,,J '"n"'· 2~1 -~~. 22~ . 99. Hiswriw l l\ lallll>lTI/lt.S Ccmuni;;iun: Call!nJm uf th<! 1\I.J>IH>Cl'l/ll> of 1h~ <'-lu>l Hu>L f1 ..

1\ lanl'm uf Salulmry, K. G . , &c. &c. &c. pr.:;.:n ·.:J Lll H,u]idJ 1-luu.-,.:, Hmfu>J,/,n, Parr IV (L,mJ ,m: 1-l.:r 1-. l.•J.:,cy', Srat t\ln.:ry O lllco.:, 1 o9~).

1-:'J. Jnsd Sv;itck, "Anglicky .1l..:hymistd 1-:..:lly ,. C.:..:h.i.:h," 111 Uhra~y ~ l..id!lmll,h .1, I"·

c.:sky.:h (Prague:, Hil) l) 1:147-!d, ..:u..: .. l in R1pdlmu, 9t:>; V.id.11· f-:.1pltck}, .:: ... 1 Alc:hymtSIIII', / Tit~ Ltj~ uf .Jn Alc:hcm~>d (Pr.tguc , 19bu) . l .un gr.u.:rul l<J \ 'l.dmm Klima f<l f l.>..:atmg ancl rr.m,l.uing mo~tcn.I I fr,•m f-: .1pl•.:k1 \ r.:xt.

101 . S.:c St.mt.>n J. Lmcl.:n, D.trkc Hl.:ro~llphr.:L: Alc:hnny m En.;/,,h Lit<'hlllll c ]"""Cl .... , ccr w 1h.: H.:>llllWicm (L.:xingt.m: Un11·. Pr.:» nfKcnru..:ky, 199b), o7, So, 12o, ~:>5 .

287,290,31 1 n. 42. IJ~ . AlcxanJ.:r B. Gn».trl, .:J., T h.: \\: 'ur/.., uJ lldlmd l l,ml!), ) 1 ,,J,. \L >ncl.m: Thl H .. d.

Libr<~ry , 1884). 2:6tl-M. 103. Th.: \l/01L uf ThcmUI> Na;h.:, .:cl. R, m.tlcl B. 11 kl-.:.:rru\1 , 5 ',J,. ( L, >nJ .,n: ~..~~'"'~

anJ Ja..:bL>n, 1905), 3:52. Nich•>ll 'ugg<.:>l> 111 Th< R<!,·kulllllJ:i (3::>6n) th.n "th.:r.: .trc: alluoiOJl> m J...:.: lly in N.!>hc '> burl.:oquc ..,( rho.: ' .:unmng m.m' 111 T <nvr> <l} 1h.: .\r<,IH (Naohe, I: 363-67)."

101. G . A . Wdl...:;, cJ., The Cumplc1.: l'l. 1~> uJ IJ.:n )oll.llllt, 4 n>b. (O:o.t.,d: l:I..ru .J •. Prt:», 19b2 ), 3:307. j.1hn R.:.d >llggC>I.:cl rh.Jt "th.: ..:h.Jr.Kt<:ro ut Subd.: .mJ F.,,, may h,J\'e h..:.:n .1 r.:~lc.:u,m •>l Dr llt:.: .mJ h1o ,b,.>..: l.l!.:, EJ11.1rJ K.:lly, "h'' c ... t.c.J.: anJ ,lcaths were fro.:, h 111 m.:n', lllcllll>n.:o dC the rime 11hc:n J t~n,un 11.1> ll'rltll i,_: the play" <J•'hn Rc.1J , Tit.: Alchcumr in UJ<!, Ul.:r,JUol! c~rtJ .-\n [194 7; r.:pr. Llfl.~' · B .• m. ·lo

Pre», 19901, 42. 1-1<>\\C\'t:r, 111 Ill> l.itl!f oiUJy Thruu,:h Aldt~lll) t<J Ch,' llll>ll) (1•,~7 r.:pr. Kil.1, l\ IT: K..: .. ingcr Publiohmg, n.J .) R.:.1J rt:mark.:cl. "Ot th.: rhr.:,· 1,.,.. l, origm<~b. J•1hn De.:, EJw<~r,l Kdly, ..~n,l Sm1lll1 F,>rn!.m ...• tll th.: c\'IJ.:nc.: r •ll.t· to Fc~rm.m .b the '.tl..:h.:nllor' whom J•m><>n h.ILI 111 nun,!" ( 75 ).

105. Samuel Burlc:r, HtJJihr,IS, cJ. John Wtlclero (Oxfur,l: Cl.Ir.:nJ ,,n Ptc:», I'Jo~ l ::- ...... LinJcn, Dark· HJcruglipiH..-L , 2o5, ~b7, 90.

10o. Hiswn.:al )\(,nlluc·ripts Cumllli»ICJII : Cctknclur <l} th,· ,\ Llllll>cTI/Jb 11} Th, .\ 1.. ·:· . Sulishury pr~>~rt d w HurjidJ Hou.-,.:, P .If! I V, 3o6.

107. Philltp> ,mJ t.:..:.mn.111, Th<! Shukt:>/~<~r<! Cun.,J>lrt~.:). I Sou. ~'·•·lky, T ,,, ...._ .... Conjuror, 315- 17.

10b. H1>1clltCLII <'- lc~nu;cTJ/>b l:om>lli'>IIIH: C,Ji,n,Llr uf dJc .\!.mrl..>c,l/ll> uj 1~o. .\1. • . , .•. Sc~lr;bury J>r~>l! l t .:J at ll,u]idJ H(J)uc , Parr I V, 3o9.

109. Ibid., 4~4.

I I L1. Il l. 11 2. 11 ). 11-f .

11 1. I I n. 11 7.

11 ~. 11'). 120. 121.

1 2~ .

I ~ 3. 12-1

IS

12o.

121 .

12:::.. 129.

I 30.

I 31.

lh.J. , -f ~ -f ~ 5.

lht-1 ., -l9b, -17 ~ 7'-J. lht-1. , -150-5 l. th ,, l. , -fo 1.

1-. t Y~T IC.-\L 1-. tET.-\L l)F L)l)Ll)

N tch .. ll , :\ C "i' "i t\.:t<> I \1 > '.1 -1 ::;,., .. tl, .. N ,, 1,. >11 , Ill~ 1\.:, /.."""'~· 2 5::.-bJ, lot1-::.l . \X'.,ullq, Tit.: f.J tt .:.:ll ·, l :., lljllrt~ r, th>l<:> hull' mentb~rs ltl r h~ c .. n, ptracy w.:r.: kth•\1 n r.t h .. th Kdly .mci D.:.:, )1 5- 17. S1 tr:ik , "J.thn [).;,· ancl E,h1.1rJ K.: ll .:\ ," 13 7. H.t\ ne·,, llll t>thl.: l'utt•.:r, I H- H . S1·ir.ik, "Juhn D.:.: anJ EdwarJ Kd l.:\." 1 \ / . T ht> '"'"'" ' ltk..: ,, ' "r>t•lll•>t' rh.: J u.:l ci.Hc·,ll 19 1 rh.11 rc·>ttlr.:, lml tb hr>l .trr.:st tn th..: .t..:.:.H IIll> hy J•»O:I ::i1·:it.:k .mJ V,tCb \· 1\:.tpltdy (n•ll l.' 98, ' "p.). 1\tpd lith>, t\ l,tgic Pr11g11.:, 98, h.1> J .:bt ,., rh..: " prct.:xt" t~'r

Rucl<tlt\ >'-'Llltkl unprt>.tnm, nt .tt' K.: ll\ . Tr.tcttllll> 1),., , E~h·gu , 3; W.tit.:, EJuwJ 1(.:11) . 5. E1 an,, l\ t~Jt~lj 11 , 22b. Rtp.:llt nu, ll!tt!:i,· Prd~ll.: , ll\). Chart., N t..:h.tll , "Th.: Lt>t Y.:.u, ,,( EJ\\.tr, l Kdl.:\ ," L .. ncl,m 1\.:tt.:u "i /3,,.,J. ,, 23,:::. ( 19 :\pril 2l10 1 ): 1-8. l h,l\'oe th>l .::o..unineJ the ungtn.tb , ,f thl> m.tr.:ri.tl . Ntch" ll !'Id\ h .. k :-, no du(u an~..:nt.H l \. 11'1. .

E,·:llb, 1\uJ"iJ 11 . 227. \\'.:.:w r. Anct.:nt F~t n.:r.tll t\ 1 •tHIIIlciH>, -1 5- -lo. 1\1:3 .-\, l,m<tl.: 1788, f, ,t,_ 151r-152; Ju>tc•n, :\, /uu .. l.: , -1:1 3i2- il .mJ K.:\ IIC>, L3tOII 'lk', -! :296-1.)::,. ::5.:.: :-ltt>.tn Ba" n.:ll, " R .:1 I> ng ,, Bt,>;.:r.tph\: .-\ Ne\\ uHerpr.:l. tll ~tn ,,t· th.: hk ,,( Elt:.d,.:th J an~ \V.:>I <~n , " (n11roe -f ), 3. L tut><: S..:hl.:in.:r, "Eit:.Jb.: th W.:>t.>n , .-\khc-mi, r', Sr.:p-D.Htglu .:r .md l'uhlt, hc·J P<>cr," Cc111<Lr Pctt'cnti>: SruJi.:> in 1-l.:nn.:rrci,m, n.>., 10 (1\19 1): 9, 1-1, .tn.l Lmtt>l! S.:hkin~r . TuJur u11d Srudn \X '"m.:n \V'>ir .:r.> (Bt.'' •tn mgt<>n: l nJ t.m.t Uni,·.:r>iry Pro.:>S, I \19-f ). On \X'e,roni,r', P•>l!tnS, >l!l! al><t J. \V. Htn t1>, lnrdl.:cruvl Cul111r.: 111 Ekt1i>.·rlr.n1 LtnJ )t1cub.:,m EngkmJ: Tit.: larin \X'riring:; uf rlt .: A.~.: (L.:cJ ,: Fran.:i> Cairn, , 1990), 110-1-1. Eli:,rhcrh J.mc Wt:>f<ll1 , Cuth rd \l; 'ritin)!>. eJ . D.makl Ch.:no.:y .mJ Br.:nJ.1 ll! . 1-(, , ingr.m, wit h rh.: .rs,isr.mc.: ,,f D. K. 1\ l,m.:y (T ,>runr,1: Un11·.:r>ll \' ,tf T.>romo Pro.:», 2000) , xii. Tho.: >uurc.:s .:itecl art: W. P. \V. l'hillnhm:, eJ., 0 >-furd Pmrsh l-1..-gi>l<l'> . t\!ani,t):>.'S , l'ul. I (L,mJ,>n, 190':1), -I; J.u:k H'"' ·' rJ -Dr.tk.:, OxfurJ Church C?ulll'l> D.:posiriun> 15-f2- 155J (O xlurJ, 19\1 1 ), ir.:m 3; Chtpping N.>rr<n\ H ist<~ ry Su..:1.:ry .mcl rhc 1\(i,>t:S 1\ lcade.,, checkcJ agJm>r an ;m,>nymuu> copy nf ea. 1790. \V.:; tun, CcAI.:ct.:J \X'ririll)!>, 136--1 1. I am grar.:iul tu Su,an B.~>sneu for Cttpi.:> ut' rh,· <>rtgin,\l publican< m ,,f \X/.:>l<>n', puem> anJ tu B. K. ld arnn l~>r rhc rr.m, l.tri<llb t'r. un rh.: Lar in. \XI.:, tun, Colb:r.:d \\" >Uing>, H V---1 ). \X'.:, r. u\ , C ull.:crd W'riring>, 176- 79. D.:.: C:< liT<:>p<nt,I.:J '"rh i\I.IIU>, ,m,l wa, \' l>l! o.:J hy h11n 111 T rd><n\ (Fcntc>n, iO-f , 238). A,/ Nubil.:11t .:r lirchllllm t•innn On IOANNEt\ lll.-\t\ 1.\ lUNil 't\ l ,mu.:uln su11m ..:ul..-n-dwn . .:r t\ l,rgr>rrwn ulnn ;ru.L~i;;llnum , ,~,~·lltillrulll llt.: tioni> .:rgu (Cull<ct.:11 \\:'rirings , 312- 13). I k ha> bt:.:n icl.:nr ih.;,l with rh.: man Dc.: hircJ in Tro.:bun ,m ,-\u"U>l 7 I 5b8 (PO, 18, 31, 32; F.:nrun, 236, 2-10). " ' l h;11·.: nllr >l!l!ll rhi, \'lllllm.:. i\ ly inf,1rnt.lli»n i> lr•>lll J•>h n Fo.:rgu><>n, Biblwtlr.:cct Ch.:mi .. r: ' ' C<lhcl,gu.: .. J rh.: -\lch.:mtcctl , Cll.:tnlcal LtnJ Phann,u:.:wic<ll Bvoh in rh.: Coll.:criun u/ 1/t.: L u.: ),11!\.:S Young •>J Kdly c~nJ Omris , E>y , LL. 0 ., F. R. S. , F. R. S. E. , 1 ,,,t,. (K il.1 , !\ IT: Kc,,ing.:r, 1\19 1), 1:-1 5-f, 2:-163.

I 32.

I ll .

The ml.: pa~.: ,,f W.nro.:, EJu,trd 1(,11), ,..,,tJ, "N•"" IH>I puhlt, h.:.l t. •r rh~ b.:ttdil , 1i the Stll\> of Hcrm.:> by J. L. ~1. C. (T h.u i>, John Ltlly .mJ l\k-11c e,,,,,ul>.>n) ." Tht> iJ.:nritic;~ rHm h.t> '"' ..:r..:,lthtluy. Fo.:q.:u><Hl >ugg..:>r> Jo~h .mn L tn,;c· ~lo.:Jic ll\.~c CanJiJmu> (L3tbliothcc,t Ch.:mi..:t~ , ! : b) . Thc u e.lll>l! •HI th.: Phd, ,,.,ph..:r', Sr<>n< whtch Kdly J .:Jic.u.:J L<> RuJ,,Ii tir, r '' i'i'"·rr.;,l in .t ,;,,tk..:ri<lll .:Juo.:J b1 P<.:tr..Cl<>, Dr..:y Vvrn4 J1 i.:h.: unJ nu.:h ni<! im Druc/.. gcu'c><!llc Ch~mi,ch.: Bit.:lr..-r .lli . . ( 1111 f),, \X/drbcruhnucn Engdi<lnd.:>S E.lo<trtli l(dl.:t.:i clll>>}llhrltcha Tr,u:wr cbn /(,1)>.:1 1-luJ.,/ph._, ~11geschri..:h.:n , publt,h.:J m Hamburg by j,,h,m N.nnn.m, 1670, ro.:pnnr.:J by G,m -iri.:J Llt:bc:o;:tr, 169 1 (Bchlwrh.:cet Ch.:nucct, 1:226- 27, -1 >7- 3::>; E\.111>, l{uJ<ilj 11 . 227 n.l ). Ftr>t publt,h.:,l L.m.I.m: Ell t,>ll , l b\1); rcpt tnb mclu,lo.: LmJ,m: Sru.trr .m.l W.~ tklll>. 1970; N.:w Yurk: :3.unud \X/.:I.c·r, 1970; L rrg>: B.tnl\11\ Pr<:>>, I \1'.1 1. Fur <.:•Hll ll\l!nt..tl). ><=<: Lyn,l)· f\b rah.nn, "EJw..rrcl Kelly', 1-b.:ruglyph," in ,-\J .m~> .mJ Ltn,kn, .:.!>., Embkn1> vnJ ,-\lch.:m) , 95- luo. I have: bo.:cn unable: l t> h~.:.u.: J. Gth>< m, "An lmt:r· prcrari<H\ uf Akh.:r~\l..: a l Symb,tlt>m wuh Rei.:rcnc.: I•' rhc Wnting> ,,J E,l\1 .1rJ Kd ly," j uum.tl of rh< Alch.:mi.:ttl Suet<! C)' 3,1 5 (Dcc.:mlxr 19 1-1 ): I 1- 2 5, w eJ m .-\Lm PritcharJ , Alchemy: A Bihlro,~,rraphy vf Englt.>h-kmguc~g.: \\'nung> (L,mJ ,Jil. RourleJgc & Kcgan P,Htl. 1980).

I havo.: mo..lern1:cJ >pdlmg anJ >L.m,l.trJI:e,l n.nnc> m rh.: J , >< ll ll\<.:lll • .:xct:q•t.:J in thi> arr idc; the full r<.:x L> Jr<.: giv.:n m my R..lt>lll)! Sptrtu , ~l.tkm~ GoiJ , Su,rppt~o, \XIu•cs: Th.: T ru.: AJwuwr.:> o} Dr ]uhn D.:.: wtJ Srr EJu c~rJ l(dl~ (Nutrmgh.ull: Shn..:>trtng Pr.:», 1999). T.::-.1> anJ J tg.:>l> ,rf rh.: St.ll..: PJp.:r> c.m b.: htunJ 111 CaletuL.rr of Star.: l'c~pc-rs Dum.:>ttc.S.:nc> , of th .: Rdgrb oJ EJuLtrJ VI. t\ lt1t} . Elr~.tb.crit . 15-17- 1580. cJ. R,>b.:n L.:mun (L mJ,tn, 1856); C tkn.Ltr oj Stc~rc p,,,,._~, Oum.:,u, Series , Eli~ttb.:rh ttllcl )ttll t<s I. AJcl.:nJa 1580- 1625 . c.! . ~Lrry Ann Ev.:r.:rt Gr.:.:n (L,mJ,m, 1 b 72 ); Cak nJur uj Swtc Pc~pcT> For.:ign S.:nc> , of the R.:t1,~1 ll} Ek,tb..rn vpl. 21 , pr. I, ) tmc 1580-]un.: 1588 . .:J . Supluc Cr.twl~>r,l L,un.L> (LunJ .u\, 1921 ). Cakncltr of Swr.: p,,p.:rs f, trci&~t Scnc> oj th.: Rcr1,~l of EL~,tbcth, ' ol. 2 3. J,mt"-ll')-)t.l) 1589, eJ . Richar,l Bruc.: Wernham (lunJun, 1950); u , r cmJ Analy>i> uJ Su.H.: P.tJ•c~ > For~i&m Sc'Tt<!> Eli~ub.!rh I Pr.:,.:rwJ in th< Public RccorJ Oj}i.:c, ""1. I , .-\11,\!ll>f 1589-]un.: 1590; ,-,JI. 1, July 1590-t\1<1) 159 1, cJ. RidurJ Bruc..: W.:rnh.un (L,H\· don, 19o-l, 19o9). C r,,wn w pynght m.n<!n.tl i 1 o~m th.: Puhli..: Rcc.trcl ()ni~~·. Kcw-(SP 8 1/6, f,,ts. 7- tl), (SP o1/7, f,tl. H O), (:31' t3 1/l , tub . 1-1~--1) anJ \SI' 82/3, td . 13-ll- 1> n.:pr<>J u..:.:J by p.:nni» h>n <l f rhe Cunrr.tll.:r • >I. 1-lcr 1\l.tj.:>t\ ', Srari.tncry Ofticc.

Bio of Edward Kelly by Michael Wilding

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Transcript of Bio of Edward Kelly by Michael Wilding