BIOMEDICAL

WASTE

MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY:

FURLEC & CO.

INTRODUCTION• Bio-Medical Waste from hospitals, nursing homes

includes infectious items e.g. amputated body parts, body fluids, cultures of contagious viruses and excreta from patients with high contagious diseases are highly toxic and extremely harmful. It also includes scalpels, needles, bandages and other waste from operation theaters and laboratories. The easiest way to dispose off medical waste is through Bio-Medical Incinerators. The treatment technology of controlled air burning at high temperatures to reduce the weight and volume of wastes is called incineration. Three factors are most important for the incineration process known as three T’s namely:

TIME, TEMPARATURE, TURBULANCE

Biomedical Waste (BMW)

is…

• Bio medical waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)

• WHO estimates – 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous

– 10% is infectious

– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.

INCINERATION PROCESS• The Incinerator is double chambered and is designed on ‘’controlled air’’ incinerationprinciple with a minimum of 100% access air. Volatilisation of waste is achieved inprimary chamber through supply of air through various nozzles on all sides of theprimary chamber, this is done by the F. D Fan provided with the incinerator. Heat isgenerated with fuel oil burner with auto operation system suitable negative draft ismaintained in primary chamber to avoid leakage of gaseous emission from it. The sidesof the top position of the chambers are rounded up to avoid possibility of formation ofdead zones.

• Waste is fed inside the primary chamber of the incinerator through an automaticwaste feeding system ensuring no direct exposure of the furnace temperature to theoperator.

• Volatilised/gasified matters from waste is taken to the secondary chamber withresidence time of minimum 1 second. The heat source in this secondary chamber isauto controlled fuel oil secondary burner. After the gases leave the secondary chamber,they enter the venturi scrubber where gases are treated with caustic and scrubbed. Are-circulating pump of stainless steel construction is provided in the system forcirculation of caustic and water inside the scrubber. The re-circulation pump is commonfor the scrubber and droplet separator. All the interconnecting piping is of stainlesssteel. The gases finally enter the droplet separator wherein the moisture is removedfrom the gases. This reduces the flue gas temperatures making it safe to be let out inthe atmosphere. An I.D. Fan is provided at the end to release the gases to a 30 mtrshigh stack.

• In the incineration process, the waste is thermally decomposed in the

primary chamber at a temperature of 800±500 C. The gaseous products

(volatile mater) are completely oxidised in the secondary chamber due to

sufficient residence time, high temperature (1050±500 C.) high turbulence

and 100% excess air. The flame port through which the gases pass from

primary chamber to secondary chamber is sized to produce high velocity for

excellent mixing of combustion air and gases.

• Both the chambers are fitted with burners to fire support fuel for initial heating up of chambers to required temperatures as well as maintain these temperatures.

WASTE PREPARATION PRIMARY CHAMBER SECONDARY CHAMBER

I.D. FAN DROPLET SEPARATOR VENTURI SCRUBBER

CHIMNEY

PROCEDUREFirst heated up both the chambers . Primary and secondary chambers are heated up to 1000 degree C & 800 degree C

respectively

Now wastes are kept inside the primary chamber

Check he water level in the recirculation tank before proceeding further . It should be full.

Close both charging and ash removal doors.

Switch ON the Automatic model on the PLC based control panel

ON the F.D.FAN & I.D. FAN

The Secondary chamber Burner is now ‘’ON’’ .Primary Chamber Burner is also ‘’ON’’ .

Burning of the B.M.W is kept continue for one hour.

Rake the waste after every 20 minutes.

After burning the ash particles precipited and the smoke comes out through droplet separator, venture scrubber and released in

the environment through a 30 meter chimney

After the operation both the burners are OFF.

Water pump stops . both F.D FAN and I.D.FAN are kept on until the temperature drops below 50 degree C in the both

chambers.

Now close the individual burners fuel oil valve , Switch OFF the main supply to the control panel.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

PRIMARY CHAMBER

Burning of Waste

Temperature 800±50 deg. C.

SECONDARY CHAMBER

Flue gas incineration at a temperature of 1050

deg. C.

1 second residence time for flue gases

VENTURI SCRUBBER

High Pressure Air Pollution Device for neutralizing

of gases and controlling SPM.

DROPLET SEPARATOR

Removing the largest droplet present in the flue

gases.

I.D. FAN

Maintaining the negative draft and control the

gas flow in the incinerator.

CHIMNEY

Releasing the clean gases in the atmosphere

COMPONENTSMain combustion chamber/Primary chamber

This is fabricated out of mild steel , and is refractory lined and

insulated from inside . This is equipped with loading door, ash removal door and automatic burner operated by temperature indicating controller which is set at 800+-50 degree C.

Post Combustion Chamber/Secondary ChamberThis is fabricated out of mild steel , and is refractory lined similar to primary chamber. This is equipped with secondary burner . A temperature controller is provided which is connected to the control panel . The operating temperature is 1050+-50 degree C. Minimum 1 second residence time is provided for flue gases in this chamber.

• Primary chamber burnerprimary burner should be fully automatic complete with ignition transformer, ignition electrodes, necessary fuel lines, photo cell, blower, fuel pump and fuel oil nozzle. The burner operates automatically on the temperature set on the digital temperature controller fixed on the control panel.

• Secondary chamber burnerprimary burner should be fully automatic complete with ignition transformer, ignition electrodes, necessary fuel lines, photo cell, blower, fuel pump and fuel oil nozzle. The burner operates automatically on the temperature set on the digital temperature controller fixed on the control panel. Fuel pressure indicator gauge is to be provided for the burner.

• Electrical Control PanelThe control panel supplied along with the Incinerator is outdoor type and placed separately. All controls will be housed within this common control panel. The panel is duly powder coated. It houses the primary and secondary burner controls, all the temperature controllers, motors starters, isolator switches, overload relays for burners and fans and audio visual alarms for abnormal workings. All electrical power, earth and control cabling from the control panel to the individual drives and components shall be provided by us. The control panel is pre-wired. However, external wiring is to be carried out at site.

• High Pressure Venturi ScrubberThe venture scrubber shall have minimum pressure drop of 350 mm WC to achieve the prescribed emission limit. The flue gases from the Cyclone separator are then sent to venturiscrubber. Venturi scrubber is a high energy device (fabricated out of stainless steel ) where particulate matter as well as acidic pollutants are scrubbed. Here the acidic gases are removed by absorption with caustic and the particulates by the inertial impaction energy. A high-pressure drop across the venturi scrubber, imparts sufficiently high energy which helps in atomising the scrubbing liquid and thus trapping the particulates. In venturi, gases saturate due to evaporation of water vapour and thus cools. 5% caustic solution is used as scrubbing liquid to neutralise the SO2 present in flue gases.

• Droplet SeparatorThe flue gases then enter tangentially into the droplet separator, which is of cyclonic type. By the action of centrifugal force, the larger droplets present in flue gases settle down.

• Circulating PumpA re-circulating pump should be provided , which is coupled to an electric motor.

• Recirculating TankRe-circulating tank of suitable capacity shall be provided and integral with the droplet separator.

• Interconnecting PipingAll interconnecting piping between scrubber, droplet separator and re-circulating tank shall be provided.

• I.D. FANThe I.D. FAN shall be dynamically balanced and shall have a pressure of 450 mm WC with an impeller of SS-316 construction.

• F.D. FANA forced draft fan shall be provided to supply air inside the both chambers.

• Fuel Oil Tank & PipingFuel oil tank of suitable capacity fabricated out of mild steel shall be provided. The fuel tank shall have all connections for supply, return, drain and visual checking of the quantity of fuel present in the tank. The fuel line should consists of one main valve, one individual valve for each burner.

• ChimneySelf supported chimney of 30 mtr height shall be provided. It consists of port hole, ladder, stack drain etc. It shall be provided with cage ladder, gas sampling platform, gas sampling nozzles, painting trolley, rain cowl, stack drain, base plate and foundation bolts. Chimney shall be connected to incinerator by an inter connecting duct.

• Emergency StackAn emergency stack to vent out the gases incase of power failure shall l be provided. The emergency stack height shall be as per site requirement , usually this shall be 6 mtr high from ground level.

Burner Management System• The chamber’s base had burners which were

fueled by diesel.

Combustion & Emission System

Air pollution control device

TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTESWASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste

Category No. 2 Animal Waste

Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Category No. 4 Waste Sharps

Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic

drugs

Category No. 6 Soiled Waste

Category No. 7 Solid Waste

Category No. 8 Liquid Waste

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash

Category No.10 Chemical Waste

TECHNIQUES

SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.

Colour Coding Type of Container

Yellow Plastic Bag

Red

Disinfected

container/Plastic

bag

Blue/

White Translucent

Plastic Bag / punch

proof containers

Black Plastic Bag

Bio medical waste

management in India

Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule

1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and

Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July

1998.

This rule applies to those who generate, collect,

receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical

waste in any manner.

Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into

containers/bags at the point of generation of waste.

Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for

disposal of waste is came into existence which is

shown as follows.

Environmental Legislation

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998

The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000

The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989

The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Conclusion• The bio medical waste generated from the

hospitals and other source will be treated without polluting the environment.

• All the disposal process is done with in the norms of CPCB and guidelines.

• The remaining material after incineration is safely disposed according to the CPCB guidelines.

• Incineration of bio medical waste is one of the techno-economical viable scheme which have many advantages such as significant volume reduction, weight reduction & also ability to manage most types of wastes with little processing before treatment.

ELECTRICAL INCINERATOR AT B.N.H. HOSPITAL

JAMSHEDPUR

DISEL FIRED INCINERATOR AT

DR. R. P. PRASAD HOSPITAL, MAYABUNDER

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLAND

INCINERATOR SYSTEM AT

GANGTOK

INCINERATOR AT

M.E.S

DINJAN

HCRW Management.ppt 7/03

Lets Make This World A Better Place to Live in.

THANKING YOUFrom

FURLEC & CO.