Bio-medical Applications of Jefferson Lab’s Nuclear ...
Transcript of Bio-medical Applications of Jefferson Lab’s Nuclear ...
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Drew WeisenbergerRadiation Detector and Imaging Group
Physics DivisionThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Bio-medical Applications of Jefferson Lab’s Nuclear Physics
Detector Technology
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JLab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility
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Radiation Detector & Imaging GroupSupport design and construction of new detector systems
Technical consultants for the lab scientists and users
Development and use of imaging and non-imaging detector systems
Expertise in nuclear particle detection
gas based detectors
silicon photomultiplier (SiPMs)
scintillation and light guide techniques
standard and position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs)
fast analog readout electronics and data acquisition
on-line image formation and analysis
image reconstruction algorithms with motion correction
compact detectors
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incidentgamma-ray
Ee = hν - Eb
hνejectedelectron
Θ
e-
hν’
before after
hν
Photoelectric AbsorptionCompton Scattering
Θ=0
Ec
Θ=π
hν
Comptoncontinuum
photo peak
dN/dE
E (energy)
Scintillator: transparent material for detecting high energy photons (i.e. x-rays, gamma-rays)
A high energy photon deposits energy in the atoms of the scintillator resulting in the release of lower energy photons that can then be converted to an electrical signal by devices called photomultiplier tubes (PMTs).
Detecting and Imaging Radioactive Decay (a nuclear process)
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Somatostatin receptors(neuroendocrine tumors)
Structural Functional
www.radswiki.net
Bio-Medical Imaging Modalities
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Nuclear Medicine Imaging Basics
Functional imaging (vs structural): patient injected with a radiopharmaceutical that has a biological function in the body i.e. metabolism.
Radiopharmaceutical: radioactive isotope + bioactive tag
Gamma Cameraplanar nuclear medicine images (also known as scintigraphy)
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)technetium-99m (140 keV gamma-ray, 6 hour half-life)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)coincident radiation detection through positron-electron interactionfluorine-18 (positron emitter, 110 minute half-life) two 511 kev annihilation photons
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Rotating Gantry
End View
Gamma Camera Module
Side View
Side View
Annihilation Point
Detector Ring
End View
Detector Module
gamma ray
gamma ray
Clinical SPECT System Clinical PET System
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Latest photomultiplier technology allows modular detector construction
Compact position sensitive PMTs and Silicon PMs
Light Spreader
PSPMT PSPMT PSPMT PSPMT PSPMT
Pixellated Scintillator Crystal
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Need for a Detector Built for the Task
Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging
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Smart Shield™ immobilizes the breast and prevents shine-through
Compact detectorallows imaging close to the chest wall
Dilon 6800 Gamma Camera
www.dilon.com
Several patents licensed from JLab
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Imaging lymph nodes before surgery with JLab built gantry mounted gamma camera. Right: Imaging during surgery. University of Virginia surgeons.
Handheld Gamma Camera for Cancer Surgery
SiPM based would be lighter and hand held.
patents pending
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Awake Small Animal Imaging
A new tool for biological research under development:
JLab, ORNL and JHU
Several patents awarded and pending
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Image of mouse injected with bone marker MDP-Tc99m
Using high resolution
parallel hole collimatorUsing 1mm pinhole ~2x magnification
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Addiction research
Neuro-degeneration:
Alzheimer's Disease
Parkinson's Disease
Brain inflammation (i.e. HIV, MS).
Stem cell trafficking
Indications for awake animal SPECT imaging
avoid influence of anesthesia on: blood flow, metabolism, neural-vascular coupling
elucidate disease pathophysiology
drug/radiopharmaceutical development
mimic the human state
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SPECT camera
Infrared Tracking System
Awake Animal SPECT-CT Imaging System
An awake mouse with infraredreflectors for head tracking shownin imaging burrow.
Computer display illustratingreal-time pose tracking via thestereo infrared CCD cameras.
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Tc99m-MDP
SPECT Scan of Awake Mouse
Movie of Multiple SPECT Projections
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Handheld Imaging Gamma Detector Development
Hand held gamma cameras for field workSiPM based with tracking
Handheld detector with tungsten shell and tungsten collimators
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Plant Biology Specific PET Detector Development•Crop Pathogen•Bio-fuels•Photosynthesis Studies•Subsurface radiation contamination to crops•Carbon sequestration
Dual 15 cm x 20 cm Planar PET system 3.03 mm step pixellated, 10 mm thick LGSO (90% LSO, 10% GSO) array 6x8 array of Hamamatsu R7600-00-C8 PSPMTs
Dual 5 cm x 5 cm Planar PET system 1.5 mm step pixellated, 10 mm thick, LYSO array using 4ch PEM readoutSingle Hamamatsu H8500 PSPMT
Duke Forest FACE Reach in EGC
Silicon Photomultplier(SiPM)CompactMRI compatible
Hordeum distichum L
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The model plant used for the experiment was barley (Hordeum distichum L.) grown in hydroponic fluid
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Montage of root area reconstructed images. Time bin for each image was 20 minutes. Images are decay corrected for the half-life of 11C. Time bin was 20 minutes, images are decay corrected for the half-life of 11C
Reconstruction montage of the leaf area of the image data obtained using a Plexiglass positron trap. Enhanced sensitivity is observed.
PET Imaging of Carbon Dioxide Utilization in Plant
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Plant Biology Specific Direct β+ Imaging Detector Development
R3292 110mm diam. Hamamatsu PSPMT coupled to BC400 0.5mm thick plastic scintillator, 15 microns Mylar film and 25 micron Tedlar film were applied on top of the scintillating plastic. Detector ~600X more sensitive that dual planar PET.
H8500 Hamamatsu 5cm x 5cm PSPMT – 2 mm thick BC408 plastic scintillator Cs137 & Cd109 electron sources“Detector on a
stick”
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Gamma-ray Imaging for Biological Systems
Partners:
•Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)•Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL)•Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)•West Virginia University•Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute•University of Virginia•Johns Hopkins University•Case Western Reserve University•College of William and Mary•Duke University•Columbia University•Dilon Technologies, Inc.
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Detector Group Spin-Off Companies
Dilon TechnologiesRay Visions, Inc
Adaptive I/ONeoMed
JLab CTO: Roy Whitney757-269-7536
https://www.jlab.org/exp_prog/techtransfer/