BIO - CHEMISTRY

Bio-Chemistry (AKA Organic Chemistry)

Inorganic Compounds: from minerals or non-living source.

Organic Compounds: contain Carbon & come from a living thing.

Carbon can combine with other elements to form millions of compounds.

Simplest Organic Compound is CH4 (Methane)

Bio-Chemistry (AKA Organic Chemistry)

VOCABULARY ALERT!

Polymer: long chains of carbon molecules.

Monomer: the building block of a polymer.

Examples: A bead necklace = PolymerIndividual Bead = Monomer

CarbohydratesElements: C, H, O

Ratio of H:O is 2:1

Building Blocks: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose)

Function: Energy and storage molecules

Examples: Monosaccharides – Glucose(C6H12O6)Disaccharides – lactose (in milk), sucrose

(table sugar)Polysaccharides – starch, cellulose, glycogen

carbohydratesSIMPLE SUGARS (SUCROSE)

STARCH (POTATO PLANTS STORE SUGAR IN THE ROOTS AS STARCH )

LipidsElements: C, H, O

Ratio of H:O is more than 2:1

Building Blocks: Fatty Acids

Function: Energy storage Part of the Cell Membrane

Examples: Beef Fat (C15H112O6)Oils, Wax

LipidsOILS ARE LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

FATS ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

LipidsDIFFERENT KINDS OF FATS CELL MEMBRANE

ProteinsElements: C, H, O, N, S

Building Blocks: Amino Acids

Function: Structural Molecules &Functional Molecules

Examples: Muscle, skin, hair, fingernailsEnzymes (speed up

chemical reactions)

FINGER AND TOE NAILS MUSCLE CELLS

Nucleic AcidsElements: C, H, O, N, P

Building Blocks: Nucleotides(a sugar, phosphate, &

nitrogen base)

Function: Stores and transmits hereditary info.

Controls cell activityMakes proteins

Examples: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) &

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

DNA