7/25/2019 Bio Chem Review

1/3

Bio Chem Review

2/8/16

Why do we need carbohydrates? TCA cycle rod!ction o" yr!vate

What art o" "atty acid and #lycerol is water sol!ble? $lycerol #l!co#enicbeca!se it can be !sed to rod!ce dehydro%yacetone hoshate

&hort chain "atty acids '12 carbons or less() transorted directly into theblood stream*on# chain "atty acids have to ac+a#ed into micelle) bro!#ht into the celland then transorted o!t in the chylomicron '*,*(

Chylomicron-lacteal-thoracic d!ct-R s!bclavian vein which emties intothe R side o" the heart

Bile) em!lsi.cation) liver ma+es it #all bladder stores it

0at molec!le ester is cleaved bro!#ht into the enterocyte then reesteri.ed inthe enterocyte

Cholesterol !sed to ma+e bile acidsBile acid se!estrants) !sed to lower ** cholesterol) bind bile acids in theintestine and increase e%cretion in the stool-in order to ma+e more bile torelace losses the liver converts cholesterol into bile3,lant stanols and sterols comete with cholesterol "or absortion4 stanols andsterols are absorbed b!t are then e%creted in stool d!e to lac+ o" en5yme

needed "or absortion

*io#enesis-ma+in# "ats and store them in adiocytes-ins!lin anabolichormone romotes the stora#e o" "at-activates the en%yme lioroteinliase

A,)A '7*( B8 '7* si#nal( C 99 'chylomicron)reco#ni5ed by *,*)stora#eo" chylomicron contents( : 'A** 0 T7:&: &9$;A*& AR: A: TC7 de.ciency cant eat "ava beans

&ynthesi5e "at in any tiss!e) any cell) where in the cell!lar str!ct!re do wesynthesi5e "at? Cytosol/ cytolasm #lycolysis ta+es lace here as well

7/25/2019 Bio Chem Review

2/3

%idation o" "atty acids ta+es lace in the mitochondria,ero%isome) o%idation o" "atty acids lon#er than 2@ carbonsTo o%idi5e "at yo! have to mobili5e it) 7ormone sensitive liase 'lysis( ei#l!ca#on cortisol 9*)1 6*iver ma+es "at b!t doesnt store "atty acid and #lycerol) bind to choline and

e%orted

&esis) bl!nts action o" ins!lin

When yo! brea+ down rotein to ma+e ener#y all o" the en5ymes thatcleave the etide bonds need coen5yme vit B6-imortant in deamination'removal o" amino #ro! thro!#h hydrolysis(eamination)Transamination)9" ammonia is not converted to !ria 'e%creted by the +idney( it becomesto%ic

ont increase rotein in liver "ail!re can lead to encehaloathy

Cr) meas!res renal "!nction and est #lomer!lar .ltration rate

Acetyl)CoA '+etone( #oes into the TCA cycle,yr!vate-acetyl coA-o%aloacetateAcetyl CoA acetoacetate:ner#y) carbs "at rotein

AT, C272@7:AT;A70A72

$T,7yothalam!s-it!itary

,ineal #land-melatonin-slee cyclesBCAAs only #ro! o" amino acids that the liver does not rocess)sent tos+eletal m!scles and other tiss!es "or !seThe only s!#ar the liver e%orts-#l!cose

When yo! e%ercise yo!r m!scles e%crete alanine and lactic acid to the liver-converts them to #l!cose

idneyTestes ovaries

,ancreas Thyroid arathyroid'alha beta cells(

Adrenal #land 'ei norei cortisol(

7/25/2019 Bio Chem Review

3/3

Adrenal med!lla),he-tyr-doamine-ei-norei