7.1 Cell Respiration Topic 7 Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis.
Bio Chapter 7 Cell Respiration
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Transcript of Bio Chapter 7 Cell Respiration
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Chapter 6How Cells Harvest Chemical EnergyIntroduction to Cell Metabolism
Glycolysis
Aerobic Cell Respiration
Anaerobic Cell Respiration
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O2CO2BREATHINGLungsCO2O2BloodstreamMuscle cells carrying outCELLULAR RESPIRATIONSugar + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2OBreathing and Cell Respiration are related
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GlucoseOxygen gasCarbon dioxideWaterEnergyCellular Respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
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Burning glucose in an experimentEnergy released from glucose (as heat and light)100%Energy released from glucose banked in ATPBurning glucose in cellular respirationAbout 40%Gasoline energy converted to movementBurning gasoline in an auto engine25%How efficient is cell respiration?
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Loss of hydrogen atomsGlucoseGain of hydrogen atomsEnergyReduction and Oxidation
OILRIG
Oxidation is losing electrons
Reduction is gaining electronsGlucose gives off energy as is is oxidized
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Reduction and Oxidation OILRIG Gain or loss of electrons is often in the form of hydrogen. The hydrogen is then passed to a coenzyme such as NAD+
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Reduction and Oxidation
What are some common co-enzymes? NAD+ and FADNAD+ + 2 H NADH + H+FAD + 2 H FADH2Remember that H = 2 electrons and 2H+
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Reduction and OxidationThese co-enzymes are very important for cell respiration because they transfer high-energy electrons to electron transport systems (ETS).
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Reduction and OxidationAs the electrons move from carrier to carrier, energy is released in small quantities.Electron transport system (ETS)
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Generation of ATPThere are two ways to generate ATP
Chemiosmosis
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
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Generation of ATPChemiosmosis
Cells use the energy released by falling electrons in the ETS to pump H+ ions across a membrane
Uses the enzyme ATP synthase.
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Generation of ATPChemiosmosis
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ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADPFigure 6.7BsubstrateproductEnzymeAdenosineAdenosineGeneration of ATPSubstrate Level Phosphorylation
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ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADPFigure 6.7BsubstrateproductEnzymeAdenosineAdenosineGeneration of ATPSubstrate Level Phosphorylation
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General Outline GlucosePyruvic Acid GlycolysisOxygenAerobicNo OxygenAnaerobicTransition ReactionKrebs CycleETS36 ATPFermentation
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Glycolysis
Where? The cytosol
What? Breaks down glucose to pyruvic acid
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Glycolysis Steps A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP.131GlucoseStep234Glucose-6-phosphateFructose-6-phosphateGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)Step A six-carbon intermediate splits into two three-carbon intermediates.4Step A redox reaction generates NADH.551,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)6Steps ATP and pyruvic acid are produced.693-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)72-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)82-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)9(2 molecules per glucose molecule)Pyruvic acidFructose-1,6-diphosphateEnergy In: 2 ATPEnergy Out: 4 ATPNET 2 ATP
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General Outline GlucosePyruvic Acid GlycolysisOxygenAerobicNo OxygenAnaerobicTransition ReactionKrebs CycleETS36 ATPFermentation
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General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis
Krebs CycleElectron Transport SystemTransition Reaction
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Transition Reaction
Each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down to form CO2 and a two-carbon acetyl group, which enters the Krebs cycleAcetyl CoAPyruvic Acid
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General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis
Krebs CycleElectron Transport SystemTransition Reaction
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Krebs Cycle
Where? In the Mitochondria
What? Uses Acetyl Co-A to generate ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
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Krebs Cycle
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Krebs Cycle
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General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis
Krebs CycleElectron Transport System
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Electron Transport SystemFigure 6.12Intermembrane spaceInner mitochondrial membraneMitochondrial matrixProtein complexElectron carrierElectron flowELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINATP SYNTHASE
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Electron Transport System
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Electron Transport SystemFor each glucose molecule that enters cellular respiration, chemiosmosis produces up to 38 ATP molecules
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Overview of Aerobic Respiration
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General Outline GlucosePyruvic Acid GlycolysisOxygenAerobicNo OxygenAnaerobicTransition ReactionKrebs CycleETS36 ATPFermentation
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FermentationRequires NADH generated by glycolysis.Where do you suppose these reactions take place?Yeast produce carbon dioxide and ethanolMuscle cells produce lactic acidOnly a few ATP are produced per glucose
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Fermentation