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bcrmy-bntcs.jnkuphnimcm fy uscr Wuyuknb

Jhiss? FGN :9=

Hcjturc/Cxik? Lgbih

Zj`nnh? ZFS

Zckcstcr? Lihh 6496

FGN :9= Lgbih

Ecbcrih Trckgss

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Uc ihh `ivc jibjcr jchhs gb nur fnmy. Uc irc ihh cxpnscm tn jirjgbnecbs, jibjcr prnkntgbe

iecbts.

Nbhy gb us wghh mcvchnp jibjcr. `ivc biturih mclcbscs ieigbst jibjcr, chsc wc wnuhm ihh

mcvchnp jibjcr gl wc ihh jirry t`c jibjcr jchhs. @ivc biturih mclcbsc kcj`ibgsk. Lgeurc nut w`y

mclcbscs ligh. Znhutgnb, strcbet`cb t`c mclcbscs up ieigb

Frcist Jibjcr

Frcist jibjcr gb SZ gs gbjrcisgbe sgbjc ww6.

]`cnry 9 t`it jibjcr ritcs irc bnt gbjrcisgbe juz wc irc ecttgbe nhmcr ibm nr juz wc irc

sjrccbgbe knrc.

]`cnry 6, t`cnry 9 bnt truc, juz jibjcr ritcs gb j`ghmrcb irc engbe up. Zuppnrt nl t`gs t`cnry 6?

Jibjcr ritc gb mcvchnpcm wnrhm gs gbjrcisgbe. Lgbm gt knsthy gb iustrihgi ibm bcw zcihibm, ijrnss

t`c wnrhm w`crc t`crc gs i sgkghir hglcstyhc tn mcvchnpcm wnrhm. Vurih irci gb j`gbi, bnt nbc jisc

nl frcist jibjcr. Bnt juz j`gbcsc wnkcb `ivc mgllcrcbt ecbcs, juz j`gbcsc himgcs gb ZL SZ `ivc`ge`cr ritcs. G]Z IHH IFNS] HGLCZ]WHC

Yucstgnb> w`it j`ibecm gb hglcstyhc sgbjc 97=3.

J`ibecs? Zueir (jibjcr jchhs nbhy lccm nb sueir, sueir ijjukuhitcs gb sueir), tribs lits

(gbmustrgih lnnms, j`ckgjih cxpnsurc (bcw j`ckgjihs, M]]), scmcbtiry (cxcrjgsc hija), snjgih

suppnrt (strcss), sub cxpnsurc vgtikgb M (fcst prntcjtgvc lijtnr ieigbst jibjcr)

Zueir jnbsukptgnb

Citgb 933 pnubms/ycir/pcrsnb.

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F) Mcnmnribt iltcr s`ivgbe gbjrciscs jibjcr juz nl ihukgbguk gb gt. Unkcb w`n mnbt s`ivc

ibm mnbt usc mcnmcribt mnbt `ivc scx vcry nltcb

J) Zub hge`t 64 kgb ;64444 ubgts nl vgtikgb M

Knrc sub tgkc knrtihgty nl frcist jibjcr pitgcbts encs mnwb. Vitcs mcjrcisc tnnKgbgkih vgtikgb M 2:4be/kh. Kira mrnp gb \gtM gb systck tn prcvcbt ieigbst jibjcr.

Biturih wiy tn lge`t jibjcr

Bccm tn strcbet`cb fnmgcs ifghgty tn lge`t jibjcr fy jrcitgbe gb`nspgtifhc cbvgrnbkcbt lnr

jibjcr. ]rcit jibjcr wgt` jhissgjih kcmgjgbc ibm frnjjnhg cxtrijt. Uc ivc ihh biturih mclcbscs

t`it mcstrny jibjcr. Uc oust bccm tn `chp t`c mclcbscs mn t`cgr wnra.

Zuppnrt biturih mclcbscs, gbjrcisc survgvih ieigbst jibjcr. Lnur chp fc`ivgnrs? Bnt sknagbe,

bnt mrgbagbe knrc t`ib 6 mrgbas i miy, citgbe `ciht`y lnnm, :4kgb nl p`ysgjih ijtgvgty i miy.Vcmujtgnb nl knrtihgty wis sikc lnr `cirt mgscisc ibm jibjcr gl mngbe t`nsc = t`gbes.

Knrtihgty wcbt mnwb lnr jibjcr pitgcbt w`n wcbt lnr gbtcrvcbtgnb.

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Bnrkih jchhs prntcjt MBI ibm ihtcrcm gb jibjcr jchhs ibm `nw irc t`cy ihtcrcm gb jibjcr jchhs>

Jchhs t`it bccm prntcjtgnb?

Bnt ihh jchhs `ivc tn fc prntcjtcm, nbhy nbcs t`it hgvc hnbe

Z`nrt hgvcm, mgvgmc, mgllcrcbtgitc, mgc vcry list. Bnt bccm tn wnrry ifnut ijjukuhitgnbs

nl kutitgnbs t`it hgvc i s`nrt tgkc, fcjiusc t`cy `ivc i lgxcm hglc tgkc (3-94 kgtnsgs gb

t`ck). Tnst kgtntgj jchhs `ivc stnppcm mgvgmgbe ibm mn bnt bccm prntcjtgnb ibyknrc. ]ribsgt

ikphglygbe nr prnecbgtnr bnt jirc cgt`cr

Gkknrtih jchhs, stck jchhs t`it jib mgvgmc lnrcvcr bccm tn fc prntcjtcm. Trntcjtgnb nb

jchhs w`crc mikiec jnuhm fc t`c knst mibecrnus tn us. Jchhs t`it `ivc gblgbgtc bukfcr

nl kgtnsgss ibm cxprcss hnbe tchnkcrisc irc t`c nbcs wc jirc ifnut, fc wgt` us lnr hglc.

Bcvcr rub nut nl kgtnsgs

Trntcjtgnb nl stck jchhs vgi jchh ibitnky ibm fgnj`ckgstry?

I. Ztck jchhs irc ibitnkgjihhy s`gchmcm lrnk kutiecbs. Gb gbtcstgbc ZJ irc furgcm mnwb gb

jrypt iwiy lrnk jnbtcbt nl eut. Trntcjtcm lrnk rcijtgvc knhcjuhcs, jnbtcbt nl gbtcstgbc

t`it jib fc kutiecbgj, jnrrnsgvc. Vcst nl jchhs gb gbtcstgbc mnbt hgvc lnr hnbe sn bnt jirc

`nw hnbe t`cy hglc. Mn bnt wibt t`ck tn `ivc kutitcm ris.

F. Ztck jchhs kiac knrc stck jchhs sn ynu mn bnt wibt tn `ivc t`ck kutitcm.

Jrypt jchhs? Zcjrctc kujus

Kujus gs ennm fcjiusc gt prntcjts stck jchhs lrnk tnxgj jnbtcbt nl eut.

Trntcgbs gb kujus? Kujgbs, pnsttribshitgnbih knmglgcm ibm ehyjnsyhitcm. @ivc i hnt nl `ymrnxyh

ernups, ittrijt hnts nl witcr tn fcjnkc ech hgac. ]`gs prntcjts stck jchhs lrnk jnbtcbt nl eut.

Knusc ibgkih knmch? Abnja nut ecbc t`it cbjnmcs kujgb prntcgb, t`cb kgjc `ivc i tuknr

p`cbntypc, knrc susjcptgfhc tn jirjgbnkis. Ztck jchhs irc bnt prntcjtcm

Ipnptnsgs? Jchh mcit`GL MBI mikiec? Ztck jchhs ubmcren ipnptnsgs, rit`cr t`ib jchh jyjhc irrcst ibm mbi rcpigr -2 MN

BN] ]IAC I J@IBJC. Nt`cr jchhs kge`t try tn rcpigr, fut ZJ mn bnt en t`rnue` rcpigr fcjiusc

tn rgsay fcttcr tn `ivc nbc hcss stck jchh rit`cr t`ib nbc stck jchh wgt` lujacm up systck t`it

jiuscs jibjcr.

KMV pukp? Ztck jchhs cxprcss pukp

Tukp pukps nut iby lnrcgeb sufstibjc t`it jnuhm mikiec MBI stck jchh. Ztck jchhs nvcr-

cxprcss prntcgb pukps (kmr-9) w`gj` cllcjtgvchy rcknvc tnxgbs lrnk jchhs, prcvcbtgbe MBI

mikiec.

Isykkctrgj stribm ihhnjitgnb? Murgbe isykkctrgj stck jchh mgvgsgnb, nbc stribm nl mbi t`itihwiys rckigbs gb ZJ jnkpirtkcbt, sn t`it w`cb stck jchhs mgvgmc isykkctrgjihhy (nbc

miue`tcr ZJ nbc prnecbgtnr), tckphitc mbi stiy gb stck hgbciec ibm bcwhy sybt`csgs en tn t`c

prnecbgtnr pit`wiy. ]`gs wiy gl ZJ rcphgjitcs MBI ibm gb t`c prnjcss ects kutitcm, t`c

kutitgnbs cbm up gb miue`tcr jchh ibm bnt fc gb stck jnkpirtkcbt. Mgllgjuht tn prnvc t`gs

cxpcrgkcbtihhy.

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Isykkctrgj MBI stribm ihhnjitgnb. Jchhs abnw w`gj` stribm gs bcw ibm w`gj` gs tckphitc.

]ckphitc ihwiys rckigbs gb stck jnkpirtkcbt

TVNFHCK 9

MBI rcphgjitgnb crrnrs?

Kgskitj`cm fisc pigr kutitgnb? Urnbe fisc ects put gb, gl bnt rcpigrcm, bcxt tgkc mbi

rcphgjitgnb ect kutitgnb.

Znhutgnb? MBI pnhykcrisc rcih tgkc rcpigr

TNhykcrisc `is ifghgty tn jitj` 77% nl kgstiacs gb rcih tgkc, w`gc tribsjrgfgbe.

MBI pnhykcrisc gs nhncbzykc. Gt `is cxnbujhcisc ijtgvgty ibm pnhykcrgzitgnb ijtgvgty.

Tnhykcrgzitgnb ijtgvgty? ]iacs tckphitc stribm ibm imms tckphitc it i tgkc.

Cxnbujhcisc ijtgvgty? Ihhnws gt tn mctcjt gl fisc gt immcm gs i kitj` nr kgskitj`. U`cb jitj`cs

t`it kgstiac gt rcknvcs gt ibm put rge`t nbc gb gb rcih tgkc.

Kgstiacs? MBI pnhykcrisc kiacs kgstiac 94R3 tgkcs, jitj`cs 77% nl gt ibm rcmujcs kgstiacs

tn 9 tn 94R5.

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TVNFHCK 6?

Tnhyknrp`gj (kiby rcpcitgbe fiscs) scqucbjc sjrcw up? Tnhyknrp`gj scqucbjcs t`it jib ihgeb

nut nl rcegstcr. ]ypgjihhy bnt prntcgb jnmgbe rcegnbs. Vcsuhts gb mchctgnbs gb bcwhy sybt`csgzcm

stribms. Jib gbtrnmujc gbscrtgnb nr mchctgnb

TVNFHCK :?

Zgbehc stribm frcia? MBI gs pirtgihhy ubwnubm

Cij` stribm gs scrvgbe is i tckphitc. U`cb ynu `ivc i frcia gb i sgbehc stribmcm rcegnb w`ghc

t`c MBI gs fcgbe rcphgjitcm. Gl MBI mikiec frcias p`nsp`nr-mgcstcr fnbm gt fcjnkcs vcry

mgllgjuht lnr jchh tn rcpigr. Bnt`gbe t`it gs `nhmgbe cbms tnect`cr. Vcsuht gb mchctgnbs, gbvcrsgnbs

(spgbs irnubm ibm gbscrts wrnbe wiy) ibm tribshnjitgnbs(i pgcjc nl MBI rcpigrcm gkprnpcrhy

nbtn mgllcrcbt j`rnknsnkc).

TVNFHCK =

Fgnj`ckgjih prnjcsscs? Vcijtgnbs t`it en gb jchhs jib mikiec MBI.

Knhcjuhcs t`it `ivc ubpigrcm chcjtrnbs irc hnnagbe tn eigb chcjtrnbs fy nxgmgzgbe nt`crknhcjuhcs. @ippcbs gb jchhs t`it irc kctifnhgjihhy ijtgvc ibm `ivc knrc nl t`csc cbmnecbnus

nxgmitgnb rcijtgnbs.

CPIKTHC? Kgtnj`nbmrgi ivc i hnt nl ubpigrcm chcjtrnbs t`it tirect kgtnj`nbmrgih MBI.

Cbmnecbnus fgnj`ckgjih prnjcsscs jrcitc rcijtgvc nxgmitgvc jnkpnubms.

]irects? Hifghc fnbm gb MBI. Fnbm t`it `nhms euibgbc tn mcnxyrgfnsc gs. Gl frnacb gt jrcitcs

sueir+p`nsp`itc wgt` bn fisc nb gt. Jihhcm fisc lrcc bujhcntgmcs (`ippcbs t`c knst wgt`

euibgbc, tn i hcsscr cxtcbm wgt` imcbgbc).

94444 purgbcs irc hnst pcr miy pcr jchh fy spnbtibcnus `ymrnhysgs.

Jnuhm mchctc i sgbehc bujhcntgmc, w`gj` jnuhm ihtcr rcimgbe lrikc ibm lrikcs`glt -2 bnt kiagbembi nr ecbcs ynu nrgegbihhy spcjglgcm lnr. Gl sgbehc fisc gs kgssgbe ibm bnt rcpigrcm, gt mchctcs t`c

fisc pigr

Lrikc s`glt kutitgnb? Mchctgnb nl i sgbehc fisc pigr.

KSZ] FC JISE@] fclnrc MBI rcphgjitgnb

Jchhs t`it rcphgjitc i hnt jib fcjnkc knrc ibm knrc ubstifhc gl t`gs `ippcbs tn t`ck

TVNFHCK 3

Mcikgbitgnb? Vcknvih nl ib ikgbc ernup lrnk i bujhcntgmc

Jisc 9? Trnmujcs fisc w`gj` gs bnt typgjihhy lnubm gb MBI. Gl t`gs gs bnt rcpigrcm ibm MBI

pnhykcrisc jnkcs ihnbe ibm sccs ubbiturih bujhcntgmc -2 bnt jhcir w`it gt wghh rcim.

Jisc 6? Mcikgbitgnb hcims tn snkct`gbe t`it MBI pnhykcrisc jib rcim.Jytnsgbc -2 Srijgh. JE fisc pigr j`ibecs tn J] fisc pigr. U`it stirtcm nut is i J j`ibecm

(tribsgtgnb) tn ]. Jihhcm tribsgtgnb? Vckigb gb sikc jhiss, purgbcs tn purgbcs, pyrgkgmgbcs tn

pyrgkgmgbcs, gb t`gs jisc stiy gb pyrgkgmgbc jhiss. J encs tn S tn kiac SE fisc pigr. SE

rcphgjitcs tn i SI. U`cb SI rcphgjitcs ynu ect i ]. J fcjnkcs ]

Vcpigr pit`wiys? Jchhs `ivc rcpigr pit`wiy t`it spcjglgjihhy mctcjt Srijgh w`cb gt gs wgt`

mcnxyrgfnsc (suppnscm tn fc nb rgfnsc) ibm rcpigrs gt.

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]ribsvcrsgnb?gs w`cb ynu tiac purgbc ibm kiac pyrgkgmgbc ibm vgjc vcrsi.

3-kct`yhjytnsgbc2 t`ykgbc.

Fnt` fisc pigr bgjchy wgt` Is

TVNFHCK

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IECB] :

Ihayhitgbe iecbts? kct`yhitc nr ct`yhitc bujhcntgmcs -2bujhcntgmcs ubstifhc.

Cllcjt9? Hgbaiec fctwccb t`c bujhcntgmc ibm sueirs fcjnkc ubstifhc, jihhcm i-fisgj hgbaiec

Cllcjt6? Jnbluscs mbi pnhykcrisc, bnt qugtc surc w`it gt gs hnnagbe it nbc tckphitc ibm w`it tn

gbscrt.

Kct`yhitgnb cvcbt jib hcim t`c kutiecbcsgs.]`gs gs J`cknt`cripy? t`gs tn mikiec mbi tghh bn hnbecr lubjtgnb nr rcphgjitc

CBS? ihayhitgbe iecbt w`gj` imms ct`yh ernup tn fisc.

KEK]? Kct`yh euibgbc kct`yh tribslcrisc. Vcjnebgzc ihayhitcm nr kct`yhitcm bujhcntgmcs ibm

rcknvc kct`yh ernup tn rcpigr.

Vcsgstibjc? Gs rcspnbsgfhc lnr rcsgstibjc tn j`cknt`cripy. Jibjcr jchhs mcvchnp rcsgstibjc tn

ihayhitgbe iecbts uscm gb j`ckn fy up-rceuhitgbe KEK]. J`ckn mikiecs mbi rcpigr, jibjcr

fnnsts up kekt.

Mbi rcpigr gb`gfgtnrs (pscumnsufstritc lnr KEK]) irc uscm gb jnkfgbitgnb tn t`cripgcs tn accp

mbi mikiecm gb npc nl prnkntgbe j`cjapngbts.

Vcsgstibjc

Jibjcr pit` 9? Iltcr tgkc kutitgnbs nvcrw`chk KEK].

BN JIBJCV? supcr p`ysgnhnegjihhy cxprcss wiy knrc rcpigr cbzykcs t`ib bnrkihhy lgbc t`cb

nreibgsk wghh fc.

Fija ibm lnrt` fctwccb mikiecm ibm rcpigr.

IECB] =

Irnkitgj ymrnjirfnbs (FTMC)? @uec strujturcs, jrcitcm fy jnkfustgnb ibm jgeircttcs. Fnmy

turbs t`ck gbtn vcry rcijtgvc knhcjuhcs w`gj` shik gbtn Es. Vcijtgvc knhcjuhcs fcjnkc

jnvihcbthy ittij`cm tn bujhcntgmc. Lnrcgeb knhcjuhc tn mbi fgbmgbe gs jihhcm MBI immujt. ]`gsjnkphctchy stnps mbi rcphgjitgnb. MBI fcynbm t`it pngbt lnra gs bnt engbe tn fc rcphgjitcm.

Cvcryt`gbe upstrcik gs rcphgjitcm.

Vcpigr? Bnt jhcib, usuihhy gbtrnmujcs mgllcrcbt agbms nl kutitgnbs. Mgstnrts mnufhc chgx ibm

gbtcrlcrcs wgt` rcphgjitgnb. Vcjnebgzcm fy mbi survcghhibjc pit`wiy. Mn fcst onf t`cy jib fut

usuihhy gbtrnmujc E-2] kutitgnb.

E^] sccb gb ris ibm p3:

Vis kutitgnb? Vis nbjnecbc ijtgvitgnb E96\ gb jnmnb 96. Kiac nbjnecbgj ris, t`it hnss nl

etpisc ijtgvgty ibm jibt s`ut gtschl fija mnwb. 64% nl jibjcrs `ivc t`gs E-] kutitgnb.

T3: kutitgnb? E-] njjur gb mbi fgbmgbe mnkigb gb T3:. Cxpnsc jchhs tn FTMC immujts t`cb ynu

ect 93

@upag kgjc ; `ukib p3: abnja gb knusc. Ihtcrcm knusc ecbnkc, sn t`it knusc pnrtgnb nl

knusc ecbc t`it cbjnmcs mbi fgbmgbe mnkigb gs rcphijcm wgt` `ukib ecbc t`it cbjnmcs

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`ukib fgbmgbe mnkigb. Knusc ecbc rceuhitcm fy knusc prnkntcr, fut w`it jnmcs mbi

fgbmgbe mnkigb gs `ukib. Jib cxpnsc kgjc tn jirjgbnecb tn scc w`gj` pirt gb `ukib ecbc

ubmcrencs pirtgjuhir kutitgnb. Sscm tn cxpcrgkcbtihhy prnvc knmch ynu irrgvcm nb t`rnue`

cpgmckgnhnegjih miti. Jib lgeurc nut gl cxnecbnus jnkpnubm gs rcihhy i kutibt.

Hgbc nl kgjc t`it `ivc `ukib fgbmgbe mnkigb gbstcim nl knusc ibm cxpnsc t`nsc kgjc tn

jirjgbnecbs tn scc scqucbjc nl jirjgbnecb. Zcc gl ynu jib kiac p`ysgnhnegjihhy w`it ynujnbjhumcm.

Knusc tribsijtgvitgnb mnkigb ibm j tcrkgbih mnkigb stiy, sufstgtutc ukib mbi fgbmgbe

mnkigb gs `ukib. Ssc kgjc nr juhturcm jchhs lrnk kgjc (lgfcrfhists).

@SL jchhs irc ckfrynbgj lgfrnfhists lrnk t`csc kgjc. Cxpnsc t`csc jchhs tn jirjgbnecbs tn scc gl

ynu ect t`c sikc p3: kutitgnbs t`it irc jiuscm fy cxpnsurc.

Vcprnmujc sikc agbms nl kutitgnb spcjtruk gb t`csc jchhs t`it irc `ippcbgbe gb pcnphc. Ztumy

tn mn prnijtgvchy fclnrc pcnphc irc cxpnscm tn gt ibm fcjnkc sgja

Jirjgbnecb lgbecrprgbt? pirtgjuhir kutitgnb gs rcsuht nl pirtgjuhir jirjgbnecb. Kgjc stumgcs

ihhnwcm tn mn t`rnue` knusc stumy. Ihhnws us tn jnbbcjt pirtgjuhir kutitgnb tn i typc nl

cxpnsurc. @ivc tn hnna it cirhy `ukib mcvchnpkcbt, fcjiusc hitcr nb ihh typc nl kutitgnbs

njjur.

Lgbecrprgbt

S\ rimgitgnb? JJ tn ]]

Ihlitnxgb? E tn ]

]nfijjn? E tn ]

E-] bnt lrcqucbt tn jibjcr nvcrihh, `ge` gb sknacrs nr pcnphc cxpnscm tn jnih

IECB] 3

Ilhitnxgb kimc fy knhm gb erigbs. ]nxgb t`it encs tn hgvcr ibm mikiecs mbi t`crc. Jiusc E-] gbjnmnb 6=7. Zgebiturc kutitgnb ibm gs lnubm gb 34% nl t`c hgvcr jibjcrs t`it irc cxpnscm tn

ilhitnxgb. Ztrnbe jnrrchitgnb tn illhitnxgb tn e tn t gb jibjcr jnmnb 6=7

Mbi mikiegbe rcspnbsc (MMV)?

Gbvnhvcs scbsgbe mikiecm mbi, tribsmujc nr jnkkubgjitc sgebih mnwb sgebihgbe jisjimc t`it

mbi gs mikiecm ibm rcspnbm fy rcpigrgbe mbi mikiec. Knhcjuhc scbscs gt ibm trgeecrs

rcspnbsc.

Mikiec rcspnbsc

Ztcp9? Zcbsgbe s`nuhm njjur w`cb mbi gs strgppcm nl `gstnbcs murgbe tribsjrgptgnb nr w`cb

rcphgjitgnb.Knhcjuhcs t`it irc rubbgbe up ibm mnwb hnnagbe lnr ihtcritgnbs gb mnufhc `chgx ibm w`crc gt gs

mgstnrtcm. Zurvcghhibjc knhcjuhcs rcjnebgzcs lujacm up rcegnbs.

Ztcp 6? Gbgtgitcm sgebihgbe jisjimc tn nt`cr cbzykcs t`it t`cb gbgtgitc rcspnbsc.

Ztcp :? Vcspnbsc

Hnts nl knhcjuhcs gbvnhvcm gb pit`wiy, tge`thy rceuhitcm.

MBI mikiec rcspnbsc gb E6. Fcst wiy tn rcpigr pirt gs wgt` sgstcr j`rnkitgm. @is i ennm jnpy

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tn usc. Mikiec rcspnbsc gs strnbecst gb E6. Nbjc gts rcphgjitcm ibm gt jnuhmbt fc rcphgjitcm

prnpcrhy. Fcst tn mn gb e6 w`cb sgstcr j`rnkitgm gs t`crc tn scrvc is i ennm jnpy tn jnpy nll.

Zcbsgbe gb mbi mikiec strnbecst gb e6. Zgebihgbe jnkcs gb fctwccb E6 tn K gs stcp w`crc mbi

mikiec sgebihgbe jnkcs gb. Gl scbscm gt fhnjas JMAs t`it gbgtgitc kgtnsgs.

E6K j`cjapngbt w`crc mbi mikiec rcspnbsc wnras vcry `irm ieigbst jchh jyjhc prnercssgnb.U`ghc gb E6 sgstcr j`rnkitgm gs t`crc tn nllcr ennm jnpy tn stnp cbtry gbtn kgtnsgs.

Cbtry tn kgtnsgs bccm jma9 ibm jyjhgb F.

Fnt` rceuhitcm tge`thy ibm irc ijtgvitcm fy jmj63 (jchh mgvgsgnb jyjhc63). MMV agbiscs gbijtgvitc

jmj 63 tn stnp cbtry gbtn kgtnsgs.

T`nsp`itisc (jmj63) ijtgvgty gs csscbtgih lnr jchhs tn en gbtn kgtnsgs. T`nsp`itisc rcknvcs

gb`gfgtnry p`nsp`nryhitgnb. Jma9 gs i hgtthc mgllcrcbt agbm nl jyjhgb mcpcbmcbt agbisc, fcjiusc gt

jib fc p`nsp`nryhitcm gb snkc phijcs tn ijtgvitc ibm p`nsp`nryhitcm gb nt`crs t`it kiac gt

gb`gfgtnry. ]`csc gb`gfgtnry p`nsp`nryhitgnb bccm tn fc rcknvcm gb nrmcr lnr gt tn prnercss.

MMV sgebihgbe wnras fy gb`gfgtgbe jmj63, jmj63 gs p`nsp`itisc t`it rcknvcs gb`gfgtnry

p`nsp`itc nb jma9. Gl jmj63 gs ijtgvitcm fy p`nsp`itisc (bnt agbisc) i bukfcr nl mgllcrcbt

rcpigr pit`wiys irc ijtgvitcm t`it rcjnebgzc ibm lgx mbi mikiec. Sbmcrstibmgbe nl rcpigr

pit`wiys jnkcs lrnk nfscrvgbe sybmrnkcs.

JMA9 gs rceuhitcm fy p`nsp`nryhitgnbs t`it jib fc ijtgvitgbe ibm gb`gfgtnry.

Vceuhitgnb nl jma9 fy jyjhgb F9 ibm p`nsp`nryhitgnb. Jmj63 rcknvc p`nsp`nryhitgnb ibm

ijtgvitcs JMA9

Knst MMV rcspnbsc sgebihgbe encs t`rnue` ibm illcjts ijtgvgty nl Jmj63 w`gj` bccms tn fc

ijtgvc lnr jchhs tn en gbtn kgtnsgs. Zgebihgbe t`it gb`gfgt jmj63 fhnjas ijtgvitgnb nl JMA t`it

ihhnws jchhs tn prnercss.

Vcvcrsih nl j`ckgjih mikiec

Bccm tn rcknvc ihayhitgnbs. fiscs t`it ihayhitc irc ubstifhc ibm mnbt fisc pigr prnpcrhy ibm

mbi rcphgjitgnb bnt surc w`it gt gs ibm lgx gt wrnbehy. Nltcb t`csc irc j`cknt`cripy stull

fcjiusc t`cy mikiec mbi (kutitgnb).

Mikiec scbscm ibm rcvcrscm fy cbzykcs suj` is kekt (kct`yh euibgbc kct`yh tribslcrisc).

KEK] knmglgcs kct`yh euibgbc ibm tiacs kct`yh nl ibm jirrgcs gt irnubm wgt` gt. Kekt gs

rcspnbsgfhc lnr rcpigrgbe mikiec lrnk ihayhitgnb nb mbi. Kekt ecbc gs tuknr supprcssnr.

Ecbc jhisscs? t`grm jhiss nl ecbcs. Znkc pcnphc jihh prntcgbs t`it irc gbvnhvcm gb ecbnkc

kigbtcbibjc is jirctiacrs, ecbcs w`ns prntcgbs irc gbvnhvcm gb ecbnkc kigbtcbibjc. Mn bnt

prnkntc prnhglcritgnb hgac nbjnecbcs fut phiy i rnhc gb tuknr supprcssgnb fcjiusc t`cy rcpigr

mikiec ibm mnbt stnp jchh jyjhc prnercssgnb. Ecbcs t`it rcpigr mikiec ibm scbsc gt irc jihhcmtuknr supprcssnrs is wchh.

Kekt nltcb lnubm sghcbjcm gb jibjcr., prnkntcr kct`yhitcm. MBI mikiec rcsuhtgbe lrnk

ihayhitgnb ijjukuhitcs ibm jnbtrgfutcs tn tuknr prnercssgnb. Z`uttgbe mnwb kekt ecbc jib

hcim tn tuknr prnercssgnb, up-rceuhitgnb nl kekt wghh `ivc pnnr rcspnbsc tn j`cknt`cripy.

Gmci nl J`ckn gs tn mikiec jchhs sn kuj` t`it t`cy jibt lubjtgnb

Zkirtcr ipprnij` tn j`cknt`cripy? hnnas it hcvchs nl kekt cxprcssgnb lgrst. ]`cb ijjnrmgbe tn

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kekt hcvch j`nnsc jnjatigh nl j`cknt`cripy.

AGBMZ NL VCTIGV TI]@UIWZ

Fisc cxjgsgnb rcpigrVcpigr pit`wiy t`it scbscs ibm rcspnbms tn sgbehc mikiecm fisc (kgssgbe fisc w`gj` gs

mcpurgbitgnb nr i fisc t`it gs nxgmgzcm).

Ztcp9. Bccm tn jhcivc t`c fisc nl t`c sueir fy juttgbe gt wgt` cbzykc ehyjnsyhitc

Ztcp6. Vcknvc fisc ibm fisc lrcc sueir rcknvcm fy ibnt`cr cbzykc

Ztcp:. Mbi pnhykcrisc ibm hgeisc jnkc gb ibm lgx gt.

Ihtcrcm fisc hnnas mgllcrcbt t`ib bnrkih fisc.

Jytnsgbc wghh mcikgbitcm tn urijgh. 3 kct`yhjytnsgb wghh mcikgbitcm tn fcjnkc ].

Cbzykc mctcjts t`csc liuhts ibm abnws ] gs rcsuht nl mcikgbitgnb.

fisc cxjgsgnb rcpigr (FCV)

9) Ihtcrcm fisc gs jhcivcm iwiy wgt` MBI ehyjnsyhisc

6) ITC rcknvcs mcnxyrgfnsyhp`nsp`itc

:) pnh-fcti + MBI hgeisc imms bujhcntgmc ibm hgeisc jhnscs eips

Bujhcntgmc cxjgsgnb rcpigrZcvcrih mgllcrcbt rcpigr pit`wiys gb nbc. Kiby prntcgbs, vcry pnnrhy ubmcrstnnm.

BCV rcjnebgzcs knrc mgstnrtcm mnufhc `chgx gb rcsuht nl ib immujt nr t`ykgbc mgkcr, bnt oust

nbc sgbehc fiscm t`it gs kcsscm up.

Ztcp9. Sbwgbmgbe hnjih mikiecm, jut nb cgt`cr sgmc nl mikiec

Ztcp6. Tnhykcrgzitgnb t`it rcpigrs gt.

Znkc vcry rirc gb`crgtcm sybmrnkcs t`it rcsuht lrnk mclcjts nl t`csc. Gb t`csc sybmrnkcs gl

BCV gs nll S\ lujas up t`c mbi. Titgcbts `ivc p`ntnscbsgtgvgty ibm `ivc i `ge` rgsa nl mcvchnpgbe

sagb jibjcr ibm ivc prckiturc iegbe.

Bujhcntgmc cxjgsgnb rcpigr (BCV)

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9) @chgx mgstnrtgbe immujt mcpnsgts fctwccb twn MBI stribms

6) MBI lriekcbt jhcivcm ibm nbc stribm gs rcknvcm

:) Bcw lriekcbt lghhcm gb fy pnh-fcti nr c, TJBI ibm VTI. Ztribms jhnscm fy hgeiscs

Cjnhg BCV

Cvcb gb cjnhg t`c systck gs ligrhy gbvnhvcm.

Ztcp9. Knhcjuhcs t`it rcjnebgzcs t`ykgbc mgkcr

Ztcp6. Zukknbs nt`cr knhcjuhcs t`it jut t`c mbi surrnubmgbe mgkcr

Ztcp :. Nt`cr knhcjuhcs jnkc gb ibm mn t`c rcpigr.

Crrnr-prnbc rcphgjitgnb

U`cb bn rcpigr pit`wiy gs t`crc t`it abnws w`it tn mn. U`cb bnt`gbe abnws `nw tn lgx gt ibm

jchh gs stuja.

]wn nptgnbs? Cgt`cr gt oust bnt rcphgjitcs t`it mikiecm mbi nr gt try tn rcim gs is fcst is gt jib.

CTV gs scrgcs nl cbzykitgj pit`wiys t`it fhgbmhy firrch t`rnue` t`c ubrcjnebgzcm mbi ibm stirt

nb t`c nt`cr sgmc. Fcttcr tn firrch t`rnue` t`ib mnwbstrcik bnt fc rcphgjitcm it ihh.

Vcphgjitgnb jnbtgbucs nb nt`cr sgmc nl gkpnssgfhc tn rcpigr mikiecm mbi. Gbtrnmujcs i hnt nl

kutitgnbs fut gt ihhnws rcphgjitgnb tn jnbtgbuc.

Gb`crgtcm mclcjts gb BCV,FCV,KKV(kgskitj` rcpigr) hcim tn jibjcr susjcptgfghgty sybmrnkcs

t`it irc vcry spcjglgj. PT (xcrnmcrki pgekcbtnsuk), mclcjts gb mbi mikiec scbsgbe, vcry `ge`

gbjgmcbjc nl sagb jibjcr (9444 lnhm `ge`cr t`ib ivcriec `ukib)

@BTJJ (`crcmgtiry bnb-pnhypnsgs jnhnb jibjcr) issnjgitcm wgt` KKV. Kgskitj` rcpigr gs gl ynu

`ivc jijijiji mbi ibm gt oust kgskitj`cs fcjiusc nl ihh t`c sikc fisc pigrs. ]`csc jiuscs

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ecbnkc gbstifghgty. Bukfcr nl prcmgspnsgtgnbs t`it hcim tn jibjcr t`it irc muc tn mclcjts gb

kgskitj` rcpigr.

FVJI ecbcs ibm MBI rcspnbsc

FVJI, Frcist jibjcr issnjgitcm ecbcs. Gb`crgtgbe kutitgnbs gb t`csc ecbcs hcims tn ge`cr rgsa

nl frcist jibjcrs ibm chcvitcm rgsa nl nvirgib jibjcr.Frji gs t`crc tn rcpigr mnufhc stribm frcias (t`c wnrst kutitgnb)

Mnufhc stribm frcia

Mnufhc stribm frcia mgllgjuht tn rcpigr fcjiusc stribms knvc iwiy lrnk cij` nt`cr.

T`nsp`nmgcstcr fnbm nb fnt` stribms irc fnt` frnacb. @ge` cbcrey rimgitgnb gs strnbe cbnue`

tn frcia p`nsp`nmgcstcr fnbm.

Nutjnkcs gl trgcm tn rcpigr? Tgcjcs jib fc hnst, bnt rcpigrcm prnpcrhy (rcegnb jib fc gbvcrtcm),

nr hnjacm nb tn t`c wrnbe j`rnknsnkc. Zuk up? Gbvcrsgnbs, mchctgnbs ibm tribshnjitgnbs.

Mnufhc stribm frcia bccms tn `ivc i rnfust wiy tn rcjnebgzc ibm lgx gt, fcst wiy gs BE6.

BE6? Zgstcr j`rnkitgm scrvc is i ennm jnpy lnr w`it wis hnst.

Lnrks nl rcpigrgbe mnufhc stribmcm frcias?

@V (`nknhnenus rcjnkfgbitgnb) snurjc nl w`it s`nuhm fc, ihsn abnwb is @MV

Hcss ijjuritc wiy- bnb nknhnenus cbm ongbgbe- ribmnkhy stgjagbe mbi pgcjcs tnect`cr

fcjiusc ynu mnbt `ivc t`c rge`t jnpy

FVJI fcst agbm @MV nl rcpigr lnr mnufhc stribm frcias. Gl hnst FVJI, mn bnt `ivc ifghgty tn rcihhy

rcpigr mbi jnrrcjthy.

Kcj`ibgsk nl @MV (`nknhney mgrcjtcm rcpigr)

Ztcp9. Mikiecm MBI uscs t`c sgstcr j`rnkitgm gb E6 is i eugmchgbc.

Ztcp6. Tgcjcs nl t`c MBI frcia wghh mrglt iwiy lrnk cij` nt`cr. Thib gs tn usc t`c ennm sgstcr

`nknhne is i tckphitc tn rcpigr sn t`it t`c frnacb mbi.Ztcp:. Mctcjtgnb nl frcia gb E6, mikiecm mbi wghh usc t`c ennm sgstcr mbi is i tckphitc tn rc-

sybt`csgzcm MBI. @is bujhcisc ijtgvgty t`it j`cws fija cij` stribm tn jrcitc twn sgbehc

stribmcm nvcr`ibes.

Ztcp=. Ecbcritc twn sgbehc stribmcm nvcr`ibes w`gj` gbvimcs t`c sgstcr j`rnkitgm ibm npcb gt

tn usc is i tckphitc tn rcsybt`csgzc w`nhc mbi stribm tn mgscbeiec ibm rcpigr.

Ztcp3. Ennm j`rnknsnkc is i tckphitc, hcivc sgstcr j`rnkitgm.

FVJI is sjillnhm

Ihh knhcjuhcs gbvnhvcm, t`c scbsgbe knhcjuhcs, t`c bujhciscs t`it j`cw fija t`c sgstcr

j`rnkitgm, t`c knhcjuhcs t`it chp ubwgbm ibm gbvimc t`c sgstcr j`rnkitgm, t`c pnhykcrgzitgnb

ibm mgscbeiegbe prntcgbs ihh sgt nb i sjillnhm FVJI. Zjillnhm lnr ihh phiycrs gb mnufhc stribmfrcia pit`wiy. Jibt issckfhc wgt`nutFVJI.

Mnufhc stribmcm frcias cgt`cr mnbt ect rcpigrcm nr rcpigrcm bnb-`nknhnenus fy ongbgbe cbm

ribmnkhy tnect`cr. FVJI hnbe prntcgb ibm gs `civghy p`nsp`nryhitcm gb j-tcrkgbih rcegnb, ihh

p`nsp`nryhitgnbs phiy i kionr rnhc. 53% nl kutitgnb irc prckiturc tcrkgbitgnb (bnbscbsc

kutitgnbs) t`it jut nl t`c j tcrkgbih rcegnb. Ugt`nut j-tcrkgbih rcegnb FVJI jibt issckfhc

Mbi prnpcrhy ibm rcpigr prnpcrtgcs. Thiys i rnhc gb nt`cr j`cjapngbts.

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Jnkpirgsnb nl FVJI9 ibm 6

FVJI ihsn gkpnrtibt gb ecbnkc kigbtcbibjc.

Frji6- rnhc gb `nknhnenus rcjnkfgbitgnb fut bnt is gkpnrtibt is frji9. FVJI6 bnt is pntcbt

p`cbntypcs is FVJI9. FVJI9 ckfrynbgj hct`ih, FVJI6 bnt ckfrynbgj hct`ih. Jchhs wgt`nut

frji6 is j`rnknsnkc mclcjts gb bukfcr gb p`cbntypc. ]uknr- ijjukuhitgnb nr ubrcpigrcmp`cbntypc

\GMCN IGb t`c likghy? I vgsgt tn kyrgim ecbctgjs

Kyrgim ecbctgjs tcst FVJI kutitgnb

Kyrgim nwbs pitcbts nl FVJI9 ibm 6 ecbcs.

frcist jibjcr gs 3x knrc hgachy t`ib nvirgib jibjcr

\GMCN F

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Jnbvcbtgnbih t`cripgcs

]rimgtgnb- Zjihpch surecry, j`cknt`cripy ibm rimgitgnb.

Nt`cr wiys irc hcss gbvisgvc wgt`nut mikiegbe t`c tgssuc. Hiscr, chcjtrnsurecry.

Jrynsurecry- hgqugm bgtrnecb spriy tn aghh jibjcr jchhs.

Shtrisnubm- ijnustgj cbcrey ifsnrfcm fy jibjcr jchhs `cit ibm mcstrny t`ck.

Uiys tn kgbgkgzc mikiec tn t`c surrnubmgbe tgssucs. Ugt` rceuhitnry surecry- bccm tn jutnt`cr tgssucs- gbjrciscs hnbe tcrk gblhikkitnry rcspnbsc. Kgbgkgzc gkkubc-gblhikkitnry

sgebihgbe tn kiac `cihgbe ibm rcjnvcry hcss jnkphgjitcm ibm listcr. Csjipcm jibjcr jchhs irc

t`crc fit`gbe gb gkkubc-gblhikkitnry kgtnecbs.

ENIH? kgbgkgzc mikiec ibm kgbgkgzc gkkubc-gblhikkitgnb.

Vimgitgnb

@ge` cbcrey t`it gs kcibt tn s`ittcr t`c p`nsp`nmgcstcr fnbms tn gbmujc mnufhc stribmcm

frcias tn try ibm scbm jchhs gbtn ipnptnsgs.

Fut jibjcrs jibt en t`rnue` ipnptnsgs fcjiusc p3: gs bn rnfust.

FS]? Fy gb hirec truc, `nwcvcr t`crc ihwiys gs snkc hcvch nl ipnptnsgs, bnt t`rnue` 3:.

Jibjcr jchhs mgc kgtntgjihhy (kgtntgj mcit`, kgtntgj jitistrnp`c) w`gj` kcibs t`it t`cy mnbt

`ivc j`cjapngbt ibm try tn en gbtn kgtnsgs fut t`crc gs strcss sgebihgbe fcjiusc nl sn kiby

gbmgvgmuih lriekcbts ibm en t`rnue` kgtnsgs ibm bcvcr jnkc nut ibm mgc. Jibjcr jchhs

ittckptcm tn mgvgmc ripgmhy, knst `ivc mbi mikiec ibm try kgtnsgs, w`gj` wghh ent t`rnue`

kgtntgj jitistrnp`c, wnras fcst w`cb jibjcr t`it mgvgmc ripgmhy.

Vimgitgnb trcitkcbt

Zkihh mnsc is nppnsc hirec mnsc. Hirec mnscs wghh aghh is kiby bnrkih jibjcr jchhs. Zkihhcr

mnscs, jibjcr jchhs wghh try kgtnsgs wgt` s`ittcrcm jchhs.

J`cknt`cripyAghhs ihh mgvgmgbe jchhs t`it gs bnt tuknr spcjglgj. Gbtcrlcrc wgt` prnjcss t`it mbi jchhs bccm hgac

MBI rcphgjitgnb ibm kgtnsgs. Knrc hgachy tn aghh jibjcr jchhs t`it bnrkih jchhs.

Zgmc cllcjts? `ippcb fcjiusc jchhs nl t`c gbtcrstgbih cpgt`ghgih, `igr, rcm/w`gtc jchhs mgvgmc list

ibm irc prnbc tn ubmcren ipnptnsgs gl strcsscm. ]cbm tn rcspnbm tn strcss wgt` ipnptnsgs. Znhc

trcitkcbt nl j`ckn scbsgtgvc jibjcrs nr jib fc uscm tn rcmujc t`c vnhukc nl snhgm tuknrs.

]rcitkcbt fclnrc surecry tn rcmujc t`c sgzc

Nr iltcr surecry tn ittija t`c jibjcr jchhs t`it knvcm snkcw`crc chsc.

Agbms nl j`cknt`cripy (knst kimc tn aghh pcnphc)

Ihayhitgbe iecbts? Vcijtgvc nreibgj knhcjuhcs tn fgbm tn mbi. ]irect euibgbc ibm gbtrnmujc

jrnsshgbas t`it gbtcrlcrc mbi rcphgjitgnb ibm tribsjrgptgnb.Jrcitcm is j`ckgjih wirlirc iecbts w`gj` kiacs pcnphc sgja ibm mrnp gb w`gtc fhnnm jchhs.

Vcscirj`crs rcihgzcm t`it gs kge`t trcit hykp`nkis.

Thitgbuk jnkpnubm? Thitgbuk wgt` lubjtgnb ernups w`gj` jiusc mbi gbtristribm jrnss hgba sn

ecbcs jibt fc tribsjrgfcm. ]rgeecrs ipnptnsgs. Jgs-phitgb mgsjnvcrcm fy lgbmgbe i wiy tn scc gl

chcjtrgjgty aghhs fijtcrgih jchhs.

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Ibtg-kctifnhgtc? Ecbcrih tcrk lnr knhcjuhcs t`it gbtcrlcrc wgt` kctifnhgsk.

Kct`ntcxitc? Gbtcrlcrcs wgt` ijjukuhitgnb nl bujhcntgmc prcjursnrs.

Cbzykc mg`ymrnlnhitc rcmujtisc? Vcqugrcs tn sybt`csgzc t`c fiscs. Kct`ntrcxitc gs jnkpctgtgvc

gb`gfgtnr nl t`it cbzykc. rcmujcs lnhgj ijgm rcqugrcm lnr sybt`csgs nr bgtrnecbnus fiscs.

]rcitkcbt nl hcuackgi--2 stirtcm tn egvc agms vgtikgbs wgt` lnhgj ijgm fut gt mgmbt chp. ]`nue`t

kiyfc lnhgj ijgm gb`gfgtnr wnuhm kiac t`gbes fcttcr. Kct`ntrcxitc wis fnrb.

Bujhcntgmc ibihne(ihsn i lnrk nl ibtg-kctifnhgtcs)? gbtcrlcrcs wgt` mbi sybt`csgs, sufstgtutcs

lnr t`c bujhcntgmc, nr fgbm wgt` pnhykcriscs ibm gbtcrlcrc wgt` mbi sybt`csgs

Enih? tn strcss nut t`c jchhs w`cb t`cy try tn rcphgjitc ibm `npc t`cy rcspnbm fy ipnptnsgs nr

kgtntgj jitistrnp`c. Jytnsgbc irifgbnsc (iriJ)--2 jnkknb kckfcr nl J`ckn-jnjatigh. Kimc

wgt` irifibnsc t`ib rgfnsc. Gbtcrlcrcs wgt` MBI sybt`csgs ibm lubjtgnb.

Kgtntgj gb`gfgtnrs? Gb`gfgt t`c ifghgty tn issckfhc spgbmhc, ibm `ivc gt ittij` tn j`rnknsnkc

ibm scpiritc gb sgstcr j`rnkitgms. \gbjrgstgbc, vgbfhistgbc, pijhgtixch, tixnh. Ihh gbtcrlcrc wgt`

kgtnsgs.

tnpngsnkcrisc gb`gfgtnrs? ]npngsnkcrisc knvcs i`cim nl t`c rcphgjitgnb lnra, jiusgbe t`c

ubwnubm mbi tn ubwgbm ibm prcvcbt nvcrwgbmgbe. Gb`gfgtnr stnps prnercssgnb nl rcphgjitgnb

lnra. Gb prcscbjc nl gb`gfgtnrs gt wghh bnt fgbm jnvihcbthy tn mbi ibm prcvcbt tribsjrgptgnb.

Gkpijt nb mbi rcphgjitgnb. Gl jchh gs rcphgjitgbe gt gs gb i hnt nl trnufhc.

]iacb systckgjihhy? Jchh t`it ircbt rcphgjitgbe irc bnt illcjtcm.

Vcspnbsc tn gb`gfgtnr? Ztifghgzc p3: ibm en t`rnue` ipnptnsgs tn rchgcvc strcss.

Zgmc cllcjts? Hnsc `igr, ctj, cvcryt`gbe t`it mgvgmcs list.

@nrknbc t`cripy? kgkgj `nrknbc nr illcjt `nrknbcs tn wnra. Gbtcrlcrc wgt` t`c `nrknbcs

ifghgty tn ijt is i kgtnecb. Zpcjglgj lnr jchh typcs t`it rcspnbm tn `nrknbcs ibm hgtthc illcjt tnnt`cr jchh typcs. Sscm gb frcist jibjcr, prnstitc jibjcr ctj.

Trnfhcks wgt` t`cripgcs

sgmc cllcjts

rcsgstibjc? rcspnbsc fut gt mcvchnps rcsgstibt cvcbtuihhy.

Vcisnb lnr rcsgstibjc? Zchcjtgnb ibm livnr lnr jchh t`it jib survgvc t`c mrue ibm rcernw ibm

rcpnpuhitc nvcr t`c tuknr. Trnvgmc rcsgstibjc tn bnt nbhy spcjglgj j`ckn fut ihsn nt`cr rceuhir

j`ckns.

Cxikphc? KMV pukp bnb spcjglgjihhy pukps j`ckgjihs nut nl jchh. Gl jibjcr up rceuhitcm pukp

fy ikphglygbe t`c ecbc, nr fy t`c cxprcssgnb nl t`c ecbc fcgbe agjacm up gt kiacs gt rcsgstcbjc

tn j`ckn.Kcj`ibgsk lnr rcsgstibjc

I. Mcjrcisc gb mrue uptiac (kutitgnbs gb rcjcptnrs, tribspnrtcrs)

F. Gbjrcisc gb t`c tirect knhcjuhcs? Gl i mrue gs nvcrcxprcsscm 944 tgkcs nr prntcgb wghh

jnbtgbuc tn mn t`cgr t`gbe wgt`nut gb`gfgtnr,

J. Ihtcritgnb gb mrue kctifnhgsk, kiyfc gt lgbms i wiy tn bcutrihgzc mrue.

M. Gbjrcisc mbi rcspnbsc? up rceuhitgnb nl t`c mbi rcpigr cbzykc/pit`wiys (kek.) t`it

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rcknvc mbi mikiec pit`wiy

C. J`ckn kge`t mcjrcisc t`c fuha. Fut gl skihh lrijtgnb jnkpnscm nl stck jchhs mnbt mgc gt

mncsbt kittcr. Ztck jchhs irc gkknrtih ibm knst tuknrgecbgj. Bnt ecttgbe rgm nl hglc

t`rcitcbgbe jibjcr jchhs.

U`it tn mn w`cb jibjcr gs lnubmTrcvcbtgnb, ijjuritc mgiebnsgs, skirt t`cripgcs? cxphigb t`c pirtgjuhir jibjcr. Mgiebnsgs jibjcr

it knhcjuhir hcvch ibm trcitkcbt t`it gs prcjgsc.

Trcvcbtgnb

@nrknbc cxpnsurc? gbjrcisc t`c iknubt nl cstrnecb; gbjrcisc rgsa nl frcist jibjcr. Nfcsgty

ibm nrih jnbtrijcptgvc gbjrciscs cstrnecb. Knrc cstrnecb knrc tirect ecbcs irc turbcm nb.

Cstrnecb gs i kgtnecb.

]iknxglcb

Mrue t`it wis uscm tn try ibm rcmujc frcist jibjcr. Hnnas hgac cstrnecb ibm fgbms tn t`c

cstrnecb rcjcptnr. Cstrnecb rcjcptnr wigts gb t`c jytnphisk lnr cstrnecb, w`gj` encs gbtn t`cbujhcus ibm turb nb tirect ecbc. Cstrnecb `ymrnp`nfgj sn gt jib pcrkcitc jchh wihh wgt`nut

j`ibbchs. ]iknxglcb fgbms tn t`c rcjcptnr fut gbtcrlcrcs wgt` cstrnecb ibm prcvcbts gt lrnk

turbgbe nb tirect ecbcs.

Gbgtgih t`nue`t? ]`gs kge`t fc wiy tn prcvcbt frcist jibjcr. Titgcbts mgmbt mcvchnp frcist

jibjcr, fut mcvchnpcm utcrgbc jibjcr.

Vcisnb? Cstrnecb rcjcptnr jib fc knmglgcm gb lubjtgnb ibm strujturc fy kiby sgebihgbe

pit`wiys ibm put gb mgllcrcbt jchhs. Mrue t`it ibtienbgzcs rcjcptnr jib kgkgj cstrnecb gb

ibnt`cr jchh ibm sufstgtutc gt.

Lnnmpcstgjgmcs ibm jirjgbnecbs nb lnnm t`it jiusc jibjcr. Kgbmsct tn wrip lnnms gb phistgj, t`nue`t

t`it cvcryt`gbe gb biturih wnrhm wis fim lnr us.

Nfcsnecbs? j`ckgjihs t`it irc `nrknbc mgsruptnrs ibm snkc nl t`ck prnkntc imgpnecbcsgs--

2gbjrcisc lit jchhs. Nt`cr stull? knhm jnbtikgbibts, prcscrvitgvcs, prcpiritgnb; ge` tckp

erghhgbe ibm mccp lrygbe.

nfcsgty hcims tn gbjrcisc gb jibjcr

Ijgm rclhux mikiecs t`c csnp`iecih cpgt`chgih, sybt`csgs cstrnecb lrnk ibmrnecb, myslubjtgnbih

imgpnsc tgssucs gs `ypnxgj ibm hnw erimc gblhikkitnry, nvcrcitgbe kcibs knrc kctifnhgzgbe

wgt` ecbcritc ris gbmujgbe mbi mikiec

lrugts ibm vcectifhcs jrcitc ibtgnxgmibts t`it mcjrcisc mbi mikiec. Thibts irc rgj` gb

ibtgnxgmibt tn prcvcbt lrnk S\ mikiec. Ztnp lrcc rimgjih jisjimcs. Thibts cvnhvcm kcj`ibgsks

tn ifsnrf t`nsc chcjtrnbs.

\gtikgb M - ib ibtgnxgmibt

Vceuhitc pittcrbs nl ecbc cxprcssgnb. Ibtgnxgmibt jib j`ibec t`c pittcrb nl ecbc cxprcssgnb gb

jchhs. ]`c ecbcs t`it t`cy turb nb hcim tn frciagbe mnwb nl lnrcgeb. ]urb nb jytnprntcjtgvc ibm

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Mctnxglygbe ibm cbzykc. \gtikgb M s`uts mnwb CELV. Fgbm tn CELV ibm mncsbt trgeecr sgebihgbe

ibm cel jibt sgt nb gt. Ibtienbgzgbe kgtnecbgj sgebihgbe w`gj` supprcsscs gbipprnprgitc

prnhglcritgnb fy fhnjagbe ris ibm turbgbe nb mbi rcpigr pit`wiys ibm jchh jyjhc irrcst pit`wiy.

Jib turb nb FVJI 9 ibm 6--2 rceuhitnry knhcjuhc fcjiusc gt supprcsscs prnhglcritgnb.

J`iptcr 9

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Gt gb`gfgts gstnbc mcijctyhisc.

@gstnbc mcijctyhisc? Vcknvcs ijctyhisc lrnk gstnbcs, ihhnwgbe t`ck tn lhnja tnect`cr wgt`

ecbcs ibm s`ut mnwb ecbc cxprcssgnb.

ZLB ijctyhitcs gstnbcs, ihhnwgbe ecbcs tn fc cxprcsscm.

Ecbcs t`it ect s`ut mnwb irc tuknr supprcssnrs, sn t`it hcims tn jibjcr

ZLB rcvcrscs t`gs s`uttgbe mnwb, w`gj` rcijtgvitcs bcjcssiry tuknr supprcssnr ecbcs.Cxpcrgkcbts?

Cxpnsurc nl jchhs nr kgjc tn ZLB hcims tn ehnfih gbjrcisc gb `gstnbc ijctyhitgnb ibm gb pirtgjuhir

ijctyhitgbe gstnbcs gb prnkntcr rcegnbs nl p69 (jma gb`gfgtnr) ibm fix (prn ipnptntgj kcmgitnr

nl jytnj`rnkc j rchcisc nl kgtnj`nbmrgi). ZLB cxpnsurc hcims tn rcercssgnb nl prnstitc jibjcr

xcbnerip`s

Pcbnerip`s? Thijc jibjcr ubmcr knusc sagb ibm kcisurc sgzc. ZLB rcmujcm sgzc nl xcbnerip`s.

Lgbmgbes? Citgbe frnjjnhg murgbe j`cknt`cripy gs `ciht`y ibm `chps aghh tuknr jchhs.

Vnhc nl ijjuritc mgiebnsgs

Bccm tn hnna it jibjcr knhcjuhirhy. Tirtgjuhirhy gkpnrtibt gb mgiebnsgs nl cirhy jibjcrs t`it irc

isykptnkitgj. Bccm tn abnw w`it cxijthy gs wrnbe ibm scc w`it wnras ieigbst.

Mn kikknerip`y ibm TZI ibm scc w`its wrnbe wgt` t`ck.

]chh w`its engbe nb nb knhcjuhir hcvch?

Ztcp9 Turgly ifbnrkih jchhs lrnk bnrkih jchhs. Ssc hiscr kgjrn-mgsscjtgnb

Knhcjuhir stumy

Nbjntypc MP? Lnr stiec9 frcist jibjcr, t`it is bnt sprcim ibm lnubm gb hykp` bnmcs. Bnt

jhcir gl wnkcb bccm tn `ivc fnt` rimgitgnb ibm j`cknt`cripy. Znkc wnkcb t`it gs bnt

bcjcssiry, nt`crs gt wnuhm sivc t`cgr hgvcs.

Hnna it knhcjuhir hgfrirgcs ibm uscm kgjrnirriys tn jnkc up wgt` sgebiturc pittcrbs nl ecbc

cxprcssgnb tn scc gl gt wnuhm fc ennm nr fim nutjnkc. ]`gs wiy t`cy jnuhm gmcbtgly jibjcrs gbbcwhy mgiebnscm pitgcbts ibm tchh pitgcbt w`it trcitkcbt t`cy wnuhm bccm.

Hnna it pittcrb nl 64 mgllcrcbt ecbcs ibm jnbtrnhs ibm fiscm nb t`it t`cy jnkc up wgt` i

rcjurrcbt sjnrc (hgachg`nnm nl i kctistisgs njjurrgbe 94 ycirs mnwb t`c rnim)

Hnw rcjurrcbjc sjnrc? bnt ib ieercssgvc tuknr, mn bnt bccm j`ckn.

Trntcnkgjs

Bnt hnnagbe it sgbehc prntcgb tn hnna it sgbehc jibjcr (TZI kiracr tn prnstitc jibjcr), hnnagbe it

pittcrb nl prntcgbs gb i jchh.

Vcqugrcs `ge` tcj` cqugpkcbt tn ect prgbts nl ihh t`c prntcgbs ibm jchhs vgi kiss spcja, ibm

bccm hnts nl jnkputcrs tn en t`rnue` miti.

Nvirgib jibjcr gs isykptnkitgj ibm usuihhy bnt mgiebnscm ubtgh hitc. ]`cb prnebnsgs bnt vcry

ennm.

Ibihyscm fhnnm lrnk wnkcb wgt` nvirgib jibjcr ibm wnkcb wgt`nut nvirgib jibjcr ibm

hnnacm it mgllcrcbjc gb prntcgb pittcrbs.

Trntcnkgj sjrccb? Lgbm pittcrb nl prntcgbs t`it mgiebnsgs nvirgib jibjcr (nbhy 73% ijjuritc,

tnn kiby lihsc pnsgtgvcs)

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Zkirt t`cripgcs

Mrues? irc ihknst ihwiys skihh knhcjuhcs t`it ynu tiac nrihhy. Fgnhnegjih cllcjt nb jchhs. Bccm tn

abnw p`irkijnhnegjih prnpcrtgcs.

]irects? w`it mrues irc trygbe tn kcss wgt`. Ihknst ihwiys cbzykcs, abnw jitihytgj sgtc ibm

abnwb jitihytgj ijtgvgty. Cisgcst tn tirect nr mctcrkgbc w`ct`cr t`cy wnra. Gl cbzykc gs

gbtcrlcrgbe wgt` mrue, ynu jib hnna it sufstritc ibm hnna gl gt gs wnragbe nr bnt.Mrue mgsjnvcry? Hnbe tgkc.

Ztcp9 Gmcbtgly tirect knhcjuhc t`it phiys rnhc gb jibjcr.

Ztcp 6 Gmcbtgly mrue t`it jib tirect knhcjuhc.

Ztcp : Trc-jhgbgjih tcstgbe? Mn gb vgtrn issiy. U`crc ynu kcisurc `nw gt illcjt knhcjuhc. ]`cb

s`nw gt gb jchhs. ]`cb gb ibgkih. J`ckgsts hnnagbe it strujturc ibm try tn knmgly gt sn t`it gt

wnras cvcb fcttcr.

Ztcp = U`cb `ivc mcjcbt iknubt nl miti? En tn LMI wgt` GBM (gbvcstgeitgnbih bcw mrue). ]`cy

hnna it cvcry hgtthc lujagbe mctigh. Cvcryt`gbe ynu stitc gb GBM wghh ijtuihhy fc mnbc t`it wiy,

cvcryt`gbe `is fccb mngbe gb ifsnhutchy jnbtrnhhcm cbvgrnbkcbt. Sbillghgitcm sjgcbtgst `is tn en

nvcr cvcryt`gbe ibm vcrgly gt. KGBMBSKFGBE MC]IGH.

Ztcp3 T`isc 9 jhgbgjih trgih? En tn pcnphc ibm mctcrkgbc silc mncs gb `ukibs. @nw kuj

`ukibs jib tnhcritc fclnrc t`crc irc fim sgmc cllcjts. Zkihh bukfcr nl pcnphc irc tcstcm.

Mctcrkgbc kixgkuk mnsc.

Ztcp< T`isc 6 jhgbgjih trgih? ]iac `ihl t`it mncs ibm tcst gb nb `ukibs. Trchgkgbiry tcst lnr

cllgjgcbjy, cllgjijy. Wnu sct w`it ynur cbm pngbt (cllgjijy) wnuhm fc. U`it ynur enih lnr t`c

mrue gs. Vcjrugt pitgcbts t`it bccm ynur trcitkcbt. ]ry ynur bcw mrue nb t`ck. @ctcrnecbcnus

pnpuhitgnb ibm sct cbm pngbt. Cbmpngbt jib fc knmcst, cx. Wnu wibt t`c tuknr tn stnp

prnercssgbe. Gb snkc jiscs t`c mrue mncsbt cvcb egvc fcttcr nutjnkc, fut mcjrciscs sgmc

cllcjts.

Ztcp5 T`isc : jhgbgjih trgih? Fge nbc, jnst i hnt nl knbcy. Gbvnhvcs i hnt nl kcmgjih jcbtcrs. Hntsnl pitgcbts, mnjtnrs, burscs. Hirec trgihs, mcsgebcm tn jnkpirc ynur bcw mrue wgt` stibmirm nl

jirc. Bn nbc abnws gl t`cy irc ecttgbe phijcfn nr bcw mrue. Jnkpibgcs jib `npc t`it nbjc

mrue gs ipprnvcm gt jib fc trgcm nb nt`cr pitgcbts, cx. Titgcbts w`n ent jibjcr cirhgcr. ]`cy jib

`npc gt gs knrc cllcjtgvc t`ib nrgegbihhy s`nwb.

Nbjnprntcgbs

Ittrijtgvc tirects lnr mrue mcvchnpkcbts. Knst irc cbzykcs. Ennm tirects juz wc abnw w`it

t`cy mn ibm wc abnw t`cgr strujturc. Cisy tn scc gl ib gb`gfgtnr gs wnragbe nb t`ck.

]irectcm jnkpnbcbts nl ris sgebihgbe pit`wiy? @crjcptgb (ibtgfnmy ieigbst CELV). ]irjcvi.

Agbnkc

Likghy trcc nl agbiscs ibm prntcgb p`nsp`itiscs.

Trnfhck? ihh irc snkcw`it sgkghir tn cij` nt`cr. Ihh `ivc jnbscrvcm itp fgbmgbe sgtc, cspcjgihhy

jhnschy rchitcm agbiscs. @irm tn tirect spcjglgj agbiscs wgt`nut mnwb rceuhitgbe nt`cr agbiscs is

wchh. Zpcjglgjgty gs i prnfhck.

Bnt sn cisy tn stumy t`ck gb wnrks ibm lhgcs, juz t`cy irc vcry rcjcbt gb cuairyntcs ibm nbhy

ifubmibt gb imvibjcm cuairyntcs suj` is us.

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U`it mclgbcs i vihgm tirect>

Jib fc stumgcm wgt` knusc ibgkih knmchs.

Nbjnecbc immgjtgnb

Cx. Tibjrcitgj jibjcr, cirhy j`ibec gs A-ris kutitgnb. Wnu bccm tn lgbm nut gl t`cy irc stghh

mcpcbmcbt nb A-ris nbjc t`c pibjrcitgj jibjcr prnercsscs ibm ihh t`c nt`cr kutitgnbs tiacnvcr ibm kimc gt sn mcrceuhitcm, t`it cvcb gl ynu s`ut mnwb ris wnuhm gt stghh fc mcpcbmcbt nb

gt. Gl jibjcr jchh gs stghh mcpcbmcbt nb cirhy gbgtgitgbe cvcbt.

GL gt gs? Z`ut mnwb ris, stnp jibjcr.

Gl gt gs bnt? Trnercsscm tnn kuj`, j`ibecs gb lurt`cr kutitgnbs kiac gt bnb-mcpcbmcbt nb ris

ibyknrc. Z`uttgbe mnwb ris bnw wnuhmbt illcjt gt.

Ssc jrc/hnx systck. ]urb nb ibm turb nll gbgtgitgbe nbjnecbc.

]urb nb gbgtgitgbe nbjnecbc ibm wigt tghh tuknr lnrks. ]urb gt nb ibm scc gl gt rcercsscs nr

prnercsscs.

Gl gt rcercsscs, t`cb stghh immgjtcm tn gt. Gl prnercsscs, t`cb bnt immgjtcm.

@ge` t`rnue`put sjrccbgbe

Mrue jnkpibgcs `ivc hgfrirgcs nl mrues. 944,444 nl knhcjuhcs gb hgfrirgcs, lrnk hgvgbe t`gbes nr

ecbctgjihhy ihtcrcm.

@ivc t`csc hgfrirgcs is gbmgvgmuih jnkpnubms gb tcst tufcs nr kgjrntgtcr phitcs (944 wchhs, cij`

wchh is jnbjcbtritcm iknubt nl t`cgr jnkpnubms).

Zjrccb cvcry sgbehc jnkpnubm tn scc gl gt `is pirtgjuhir fgnhnegjih ijtgvgty ibm gb`gfgts

snkct`gbe. Hgfrirgcs sct up gb i wiy t`it t`cy jib rnfntgjihhy sjrccb ihh t`c jnkpnubms (@ge`

t`rnue`put sjrccb)

Vnfnts sct up rcijtgnb, rcim rcsuhts ibm en tn bcxt phitc.

@]Z

]`cb hnna gb knrc mctigh `nw rnfust t`c jnkpnubms irc.

LVC](lhunrcsjcbjc rcsnbibjc cbcrey tribslcr)

\cry jnkpitgfhc wgt` ge` put sjrccbgbe.

@ivc twn knhcjuhcs t`it gbtcrijt wgt` cij` nt`cr gb jchh biturihhy. Uibt tn lgbm mrue t`it

gbtcrlcrcs wgt` t`it gbtcrijtgnb. Jnuphc t`ck tn lhunrnp`nrcs, t`it rchcisc wivchcbet` nl hge`t

w`cb cxjgtcm. Zcjnbm knhcjuhc cxjgtcm fy hge`t lrnk lgrst nbc (mnbnr). Gts ckgssgnb wghh cxjgtc

ijjcptnr (scjnbm knhcjuhc) ibm gt wghh ckgt ibnt`cr lrcqucbjy. Gl nbc nl t`c mrues gb t`c hgfriry

mgsrupts gbtcrijtgnb, t`cb scjnbm knhcjuhc wghh bnt fc cxjgtcm ibm wghh bnt ckgt hge`t gtschl. ]`gs

wiy ynu abnw gl mrue wghh gbtcrlcrc wgt` twn knhcjuhcs.

Cij` phitc wgt` wchh wghh rcim gt. Cxjgtcs wgt` wivchcbet` I ibm scc w`it wivchcbet` wghh fc

rcturbcm.

Hcjturc 9

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lijtnr rcjcptnr. CELV mgkcrgzcs w`cb CEL fgbms, tyrnsgbc agbisc ijtgvgty fcjnkcs ijtgvitcm ibm

hcims mnwb tribsmujtgnb jisjimcs tn ijtgvitc ris. Mcsgeb ge` t`rnue`put sjrccb tn gbtcrlcrc

wgt` ]A. @crjcptgb fgbms hgeibm tn rcjcptnr. ]`gs mrue gbtcrlcrcs wgt` ]A ibm gs i ]Ag (tyrnsgbc

agbisc gb`gfgtnr).

Lgbm knhcjuhc t`it gs rnfust ibm spcjglgj. ]`it wnuhm fc i ennm gb`gfgtnr nl ]A ijtgvgty nl CEL

fut bnt illcjt nt`cr agbiscs.

]irjcvi

]AG wgt` ennm spcjglgjgty lnr CELV. Z`uts mnwb ifghgty tn p`nsp`nryhitc tyrnsgbcs is gts

mgkcrgzcm.

]irjcvi

Ennm nb CELV. Ennm it s`uttgbe mnwb cpgt`chgih jchhs.

CK] (cpgt`chgih-kcscbj`ykih tribsgtgnb)

Cpgt`chgih jchhs? Lgxcm, sgt gb i rnw, kiby jchh jchh gbtcrijtgnbs ibm irc bnt ennm it j`ibegbe

s`ipc nr gbvimgbe nt`cr jchhs. Bnt ennm jibjcr jchhs. Wnu wibt jibjcr tn rckigb cpgt`chgih.

CK]? Trnercssgnb nl cpgt`chgih jchhs tn kcscbj`ykih jchhs tn fcjnkc knrc ijtgvc jibjcr. Z`ut

mnwb cpgt`chgih sgebihgbe gbjrcisc kcscbj`ykih sgebihgbe. Fcjnkc knrc gbvisgvc ibm

ieercssgvc. Jchhs imnpt knrc ieercssgvc kcscbj`ykih p`cbntypc ibm irc bn hnbecr mcpcbmcbt

nb kgtnecbgj pit`wiy nl cpgt`chgih jchhs.

]@CB? gl ynu s`ut mnwb cpgt`chgih sgebihgbe, t`cy jib rchy nb kcscbj`ykih pit`wiys ibm stghh

ernw.

]irjcvi wis nbhy engbe tn fc cllcjtgvc nb jchhs t`it `im bnt enbc t`rnue` CK], hgkgtgbe ernup

nl jchhs gt wis tirectcm nb. @im tn lgbm i wiy tn accp jchhs it cpgt`chgih stitc ibm prcvcbt CK].

Cpgt`chgih fgnkiracrs

Mgiebnsgs gl stghh cpgt`chgih jchhs nr ubmcrenbc CK] vgi hnnagbe it fgnkiracrs.Cpgt`chgih ibm kcscbj`ykih jchhs cxprcss mgllcrcbt prntcgbs.

C-jim`crgb lnr cpgt`chgih jchhs, vgkcbtgb lnr kcscbj`ykih jchhs.

Jib bnw mctcrkgbc w`ct`cr nr bnt t`cy `ivc ubmcrenbc CK]

Jchhs t`it wcrc kcscbj`ykih nr lgfrnfhistgj jchhs ibm `im lgfrnfhistgj kgtnecbgj sgebihgbe wcrc

rcsgstibt

]irjcvi stghh uscm, oust nbhy nb jibjcrs wgt` t`c rge`t p`cbntypc.

CK] gkpnrtibt p`cbnkcbnb. Cxphigbs nw jchhs fcjnkc ieercssgvc, gbvisgvc ibm kctistitgj.

Cpgt`chgih jchhs vcry kuj` gb`gfgtcm fy jnbtijt nl bcge`fnrgbe jchhs. Ztuja gb phijc. Bccm tn

j`ibec tn cstifhgs` pnhirgty ibm usc jytnsachctnb tn j`nnsc t`rnue` CJK ibm fisih hikgbi nl

fnmy tn fcjnkc knrc jibjcr p`cbntypgj (knrc knfghc, gbvisgvc ctj.)Kust fc scjrctgbe knhcjuhcs t`it sct t`c pijc lnr t`ck. Znkc nl t`c knhcjuhcs t`cy scjrctc

irc KKT (kitrgx kctihhnprntcgbiscs). J`cw kitrgx ibm `ivc zgbj gnbs. \cry ieercssgvc. Hifs

wnragbe nb gb`gfgtgbe t`ck. Knhcjuhc gb Isgib spgjcs `ivc fccb s`nwb tn gb`gfgt t`csc.

Jibt mn t`csc tcsts gb i pctrg mgs`. Gbtcrcstcm gb w`it t`cy irc rchcisgbe ibm `nw t`cy irc

illcjtgbe bnrkih jchhs. Kctistitgj jibjcrs `ivc tn illcjt surrnubmgbe jchhs tn fc sn mikiecm.

BCCM tn lgbm w`it irc t`csc jibjcr jchhs mngbe tn surrnubmgbe tgssuc. Jibt mn t`csc

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cxpcrgkcbts wgt` jchhs gb mgs`, bccm t`ck gb p`ysgnhnegjih jnbtcxt nl fnmy.

Jchhs ubmcrengbe CK]

Cxprcss kcscbj`ykih pit`wiys ihnbe cpgt`chgih pit`wiys. Gl s`utmnwb cpgmcrkih ernwt`

lijtnr sgebihgbe, jchhs kge`t prnhglcritc wgt` t`rnue` mgllcrcbt sgebihgbe pit`wiy. Zgebih t`rnue`

sikc pit`wiy is cpgmcrkih, oust t`rnue` mgllcrcbt pit`wiy.

Ibegnecbcsgs

Fhnnm vcssch lnrkitgnb.

]uknrs fcynbm kghhgkctcr gb sgzc, jchhs gb kgmmhc stirvc lnr nxyecb ibm butrgcbts (bnt

bcjcssirghy mgc, juz snkc mnbt `ivc p3: ibyknrc). Jibjcr jchh trgcs tn trgeecr ibegnecbcsgs tn

lrnk fhnnm vcsschs.

Ibegnecbcsgs vcry tge`thy jnbtrnhhcm p`cbnkcbnb. @ippcbs gb ckfryns, wnkcb nbjc i knbt`,

mncsbt ippcb iby nt`cr tgkc rcihhy.

@ippcbs t`rnue` kgtnecbgj sgebihgbe t`it tirect cbmnt`chgih jchhs (jchhs t`it kiac up fhnnm

vcsschs)

Jibjcr bccms tn trgeecr ibegnecbcsgs t`it wghh mgrcjt fhnnm tn gt.

Bnb-gbvisgvc gl gt `is bnt frcij`cm t`c fisckcbt kckfribc. Jib ihrcimy trgeecr lnrkitgnb nl

fhnnm vcsschs.

KN\GC

Gkpnrtibt ibegnecbgj lijtnrs

\CEL visjuhir cbmnt`chgih ernwt` lijtnr

Zukkiry nl ibtg-ibecnecbcsgs t`cripy

Biturihhy njjurrgbe knhcjuhcs (gmcbtglgcm fy vnhakib), cxpcbsgvc tn purgly gb hirec quibtgtgcs

\CEL-V ]AGs ]yrnsgbc agbisc gb`gfgtnrs suj` is ]irjcvi. Irc ibtg-ibegnecbcsgs (fut mn bnt wibt

tn fc nb gt lnr t`c rcst nl ynur hglc, juz gt lujas up jirmgnvisjuhir systck). Ibtg-ibegnecbcsgs

t`cripy ennm lnr pcnphc w`n `ivc `im rcjurrcbt tuknrs, juz gt stnps t`c tuknr lrnk sprcimgbe

ibm fuys snkc tgkc.

@ctcrntypgj gbtcrijtgnbs kgb :=

Jibjcrs jibbnt oust fc hnnacm it nb t`cgr nwb. Bccm tn hnna it `nw t`cy rcijt irnubm bnrkih

tgssuc t`it mclgbc tuknr prnercssgnb ibm kctistisgs.

T3: t`cripgcsButhgbs, skihh knhcjuhcs t`it Vnj`c gmcbtglgcm. Hnna lnr knhcjuhcs t`it gb`gfgt KMK6 kcmgitcm

mcerimitgnb nl p3:. Znkc jibjcrs `ivc wghm-typc p3:, fut t`cgr p3: pit`wiy gs s`nt.

Znkctgkcs kmk6 wgmchy nvcrcxprcsscm. ]`c wghm-typc p3: jibt mn ibyt`gbe fcjiusc kmk6 gs

nvcrijtgvc. Tuttgbe mnwb kmk6 wnuhm strcbet`cb p3: ibm immgbe j`ckn iltcr t`it wnuhm ivc

i `ge`cr sujjcss ritc.

Lnubm knhcjuhcs t`it t`cy tcrkcm buthgbs. Kgkgj ikgbn-ijgms t`it irc nb p3: t`it irc

rcjnebgzcm fy kmk6, sn gt fgbms nb gt gbstcim nl p3:. ]`it hcivcs p3: lrcc.

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Trcscbjc nl buthgb, ect p3: kcmgitcm irrcst nr ipnptnsgs. (gl jibjcr stghh `is wghm-typc p3:).

Cxikphc @TJ is wghmtypc

Nt`cr knhcjuhcs

J`ibec :M s`ipc nl kutibt p3: sn t`it gs knrc hgac t`c s`ipc nl wghm typc p3: sn gt jib fgbm tn

mbi fgbmgbe mnkigb. Tirtgihhy rcijtgvc p3:

Tglgt`rgb

T3: gb`gfgtnrs. Uibt tn rcmujc p3: gb bnrkih jchhs t`it hcims tn t`c iwluh sgmc cllcjts nl

j`cknt`cripy. Znkc t`it `ivc vcry rnfust rcspnbsc ibm mgc qugjahy irc tirectcm fy pglgt`rgb tn

ect rgm nl sgmc cllcjts

Imcbnvgrus

Ecbctgjihhy knmglgcm.

Nbc vgrus jnbtigbs p3: ibm ynu gb`ihc gt tn trcit hube jibjcr jchhs

Nt`cr vgrus jihhcm Nbyx 493 vgrus, ihtcrcm imcbnvgrus, spcjglgjihhy aghhs jchhs t`it `ivc kutibt

p3: (typgjihhy jibjcr jchhs4

]`csc vgruscs gb`gfgtcm p3: ibm VF. Ssc kutibt vgrus t`it gs bnt sn ennm it gb`gfgtgbe p3: ibm

Vf, wghm-typc jchh agjas gts fut ibm survgvcs. Gbtrnmujc vgrus gbtn jchh t`it mncsbt `ivc p3: vgrus

wgbs ibm jchhs mgc. Nbhy jchhs ect aghhcm fy gblcjtgbe t`ck.

Gl `nst jchh `is wghm-typc p3: gt scbscs vgrus ibm encs jchh jyjhc irrcst. Zn w`cb vgruscs gblcjt

bnrkih jchhs, t`cy strcss ibm t`cy irrcst. ]`it s`uts mnwb vgrih gblcjtgnb. Jchhs wgt` kutibt p3:

jibt s`ut gtschl mnwb, juz bn p3: sn vgrus gs prnmujtgvc, kiacs i hnt nl jnpgcs ibm hyscs jchh nb

gts wiy nut. Bnrkih jchhs survgvc fy irrcstgbe, jibjcr jchhs sujjukf tn.

Trntcisnkc gb`gfgtnrs

Trntcisnkc kiacs prntcgbs mgsippcir. Ibyt`gbe t`it wnras gs fcttcr t`ib bnt`gbe. ]`gs mrue

wnras fcttcr gb pcnphc w`n `ivc hcss nptgnbs.BlaF pit`wiy csscbtgih lnr KK (kuhtgphc kychnki). Fhnja ufgqugtgbitgnb mcerimitgnb, fhnja

Blaf sgebihgbe, jchhs ubmcren ipnptnsgs fcjiusc hnst blaf sgebih

Vnim i`cim

Bn kiegj fuhhct fcjiusc jibjcr gs bnt i sgbehc mgscisc. Znkc prnpcrtgcs irc s`ircm.

Jibjcr gs mgscisc nl chmcrhy.Gbjrcisc gb jibjcr is wc ect nhmcr.

Is iec gbjrciscs jibjcr mcit`s gbjrcisc is wchh.

Hnjih? Bn sgeb nl jibjcr ibyw`crc chsc wcrc mctcjtcm

Vcegnbih? lnubm gb bcge`fnrgbe irci

Mgstih? kctistitgj (lnubm gb rcegnb bnt p`ysgjihhy jnbtgeunus wgt` nrgegb)Zurvgvih encs up gl hnjih

Gs gbjrcisc gb gbjgmcbjc muc tn gbjrcisc gb gbjgmcbjc nr muc tn mctcjtgnb

Kiby jibjcrs irc fcgbe lnubm fclnrc sykptnks. Knst jibjcrs mnbt egvc sykptnks ubtgh

imvibjcm. ]`gs kiacs jibjcrs mcimhy. Fy t`c tgkc t`cy irc mctcjtcm t`cy ihrcimy `ivc

kctistisgzcm.

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Yucstgnb?

Mn ihh fcbgeb ernwt`s fcjnkc kihgebibt cvcbtuihhy, nr irc kiby cirhy-stiec ernwt`s ubhgachy

tn prnercss ibm fcjnkc hglc-t`rcitcbgbe murgbe nur biturih hglc spib>

Unkib w`n im jibjcr sprcim gt tn nt`crs w`cb tribsphibtgbe cr agmbcys. Titgcbts im

gkkubnsupprcssgvc mrues tn accp nreibs ibm t`cy ent t`c jibjcr.

Uitj`luh wigtgbe

Mn wc trcit cvcry jibjcr is gl hglc t`rcitcbgbe nr mn wc witj` t`ck ihh.

Nhm miys? Lnubm jibjcr ibm ect gt nut

Bnw? Bnt bcjcssirghy ennm gmci. Zurecry trgeecrs gkkubc gblhikkitnry sgebihgbe. Kiyfc

surecry mncs bnt jut nut ihh t`c jchhs. Jibjcr fcgbe fit`cm gb gkkubngblhikkitnry sgebihs.

Jibt siy t`crc gs bn `irk mnbc fy surecry.

Bccm tn lgeurc nut gl jchhs wghh fcjnkc hglc t`rcitcbgbe nr bnt tn fcttcr trcit pitgcbts.

Tirimgek s`glt

Jurc>

]uknr mgsippcirgbe. Nltcb tgkcs w`it gs mgsippcirgbe gs tribsgt-ikphglygbe (prnecbgtnr) jchhs

ibm stck jchhs irc bnt. Bccm tn luja up t`c stck jchhs is wchh.

Ibegnecbgj t`cripgcs mcstrny visjuhir tgssuc ibm tuknr s`rgbas. Fut w`cb ynu jnkc nll

kcmgjgbc tuknr jnkcs fija.

J`ckns `ivc tn fcjnkc gb jnkfgbitgnb, juz nt`crwgsc jibjcr ects rcsgstibjc. Bccm tn gbjhumc

gb`gfgt mbi sybt`csgs, kgtnsgs ibm kgjrntufuhcs gb jnjatigh. \cry ubhgachy t`it jchh wghh cvnhvc

rcsgstibjc tn mrues t`it irc tirectgbe knhcjuhcs ihh it nbjc. Mrues irc knrc sujjcssluh gl uscm gb

jnkfgbitgnb.

Znkctgkcs gt `chps tn strcss t`ck gb scvcrih mgllcrcbt wiys.

:44 ecbcs irc gkphgjitcm gb jibjcr, snkitgj ecrkhgbc nr fnt`. Kiby irc agbiscs. Kiby mruesjib fc gmcbtglgcm fy vgrtuih sjrccbgbe. Hnna it strujturc nl knhcjuhcs ibm kibgpuhitc t`ck gb

spijc tn vgrtuihhy sjrccb t`ck lnr knhcjuhcs.

Jibjcr knvgc

Cpgsnmc9

Cxpcrgkcbtih jibjcr mrue Cbmnstitgb. Knst ibtgjgpitcm jhgbgjih trgih gb gstnry.

Gts mgllcrcbt t`ib jibjcr mrues, lcwcr sgmc cllcjts t`ib mrues.

T`isc 9 trgih. Kge`t kiac t`ck vcry sgja

Cpgsnmc 6

Cbmnstitgb mgsjnvcrcm fy Oumi` Lnhakibb. ]nmiy trcitgbe jibjcr uscs pngsnbnus j`ckgjihs.

Mrue rcsgstibjc w`cb jibjcr jchhs kutitc.

Cbmnstitgb encs iltcr jchhs t`it lccm t`c tuknr. Ztirvgbe jibjcr fy juttgbe nll lnnm supphy.

Mgsjnvcrcm fy hnnagbe lnr i wiy tn mry fhnnm ibm rcjnbstgtutc gt. Fughm i jrumc gkgtitgnb nl

jgrjuhitnry systck ibm ittij`cm i riffgt t`yrngm. Gbocjtcm jibjcr jchhs gbtn t`yrngm. ]uknr

ckcrecm nb t`yrngm ehibm. ]`cb tuknrs oust stnppcm ernwgbe. Jchhs put fija gbtn kgjc jikc

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fija tn hglc.

Mgllcrcbjc? Knusc lnubm kiby fhnnm vcsschs t`it jikc gbtn tuknr. ]`yrngm ehibm bn vcsschs

t`it jikc gbtn tuknr. Fhnnm vcsschs phiycm rnhc gb jibjcr ernwt`.

Ibegnecbcsgs? Bcw fhnnm vcssch ernwt`. @c fchgcvcm tuknr jnuhm bnt ernw hirecr t`ib `cim nl

pgb wgt`nut bcw fhnnm vcsschs. Zn tuknr bccms tn jrcitc bcw fhnnm vcsschs tn ihhnw gt tn ernw.

Cvcrynbc fchgcvcm t`it ibegnecbcsgs mgm bnt ippcb wgt` tuknrs.@ypnt`csgs? Gl vcsschs tn tuknrs jnuhm fc fhnjacm tuknr jnuhm bnt ernw.

Cpgsnmc :

Jrgtgjs wcrc hnnagbe it spcjgkcbs. @c wis hnnagbe it jibjcr gb pitgcbts. @c stirtcm kiagbe

cxpcrgkcbts tn prnvc ibegnecbcsgs wis rcih.

Cxpcrgkcbt? Nb jnrbci, w`crc bn fhnnm vcsschs irc suppnscm tn ernw. Tut tuknr gb riffgt

jnrbci. Bcw fhnnm vcsschs ckcrecm ibm wcbt tn tuknr. ]uknr wnuhm ernw 9

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fhnnm vcsschs jib ckcrec. Trgkiry tuknr gs gb phijc gt kiacs skihh iknubt nl gb`gfgtnr. Gt jibt

nvcrw`chk stgkuhitnr gb fge tuknr. Fut gt jib trivch tn skihhcr tuknr ibm ibm gb`gfgt gt. Gl

prgkiry snurjc gs rcknvcm, gb`gfgtnr encs iwiy ibm skihhcr tuknr jib ernw.

Cpgsnmc5

Srgbc nl kgjc wgt` hirec prgkiry tuknrs. Bccmcm tn jnhhcjt urgbc lrnk i knusc. Eivc gt sueirwitcr cij` miy, ent tntih fnmy vnhukc nl urgbc i miy. Lnubm ibegnstitgb (fhnnm vcssch stnp).

Vcknvcm prgkiry tuknrs lrnk kgjc ibm wigtcm tghh kctistisgs ercw. Bn kctistisgs gb t`c nbcs

wgt` ibegnstitgb.

IBEGNZ]I]GB KNZ] TN]CB] GB@GFG]NV NL FHNNM \CZZCHZ

Zcjnbm ibegn gb`gfgtnr jihhcm Cbmnstitgb.

Cpgsnmc0

Kimc mgscisc stifgh.

Nt`cr mgsciscs jib fc trcitcm nb t`it trcitkcbt is wchh.

T`isc 9 trgih sujjcssluh.