Bio 2010 Cellular Respiration

8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Cellular Respiration

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1

Is Yeast Alive?

Investigation of some of thecharacteristics of living things

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2

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Identifying the gas that is produced

Does it prove that it is alive?



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Reactions•blue methylene blue isreduced to a colourless

methlene blue•can be oxidised back toblue

•what needs to be presentto carry out thisreduction/ oxidation

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4

Are these live or dead yeast cells?

4

baker yeast 400x



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5

baker yeast 1000x



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6

baker yeast 400x



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7

baker yeast 1000x



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Growing yeast in agar

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11

REVISE

• can you still remember?• a 20 MCQ exercise

• write your answers in your journal

• you have 20 mins for this exercise

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12

Answers to Pre-test•1. B

•2. B

•3. A

•4. D

•5. C

•6. D

•7. A

•8. C

•9. D

•10. D

•11. A

•12. D

•13. B

•14. B

•15. B

•16. D

•17. A

•18. C

•19. B

•20. D

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15

Topical Enduring

Understanding1# )hange in the for$ of any $atter involves energy#

2# -urvival of the %iological syste$ depends on the

conversion of energy fro$ one for$ to another#3# )hanges in the organis$ are dependent on its

environ$ent#

4# .iving organis$s re/uire $atter and energy to

$aintain its co$ple*ity and organisation#5# 0nergy flo' in %iological processes o%eys the la's of

ther$odyna$ics#

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16

Matters, System &Organisation

•Macromolecules

•Photosynthesis

•Respiration

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17

Unit Essential Questions &hy do 'e need to respire?

Do the structure and organisation of the living

system change when energy is released from

them?

How are respiratory systems of animals

organised efficiently to carry out its functions?

Can there be any metabolism without enzymes?

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, %nswer this on your own in your journal. (5 mins

, !iscuss as a class ("# mins



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Unit Enduring

Understanding1# .iving organis$s release energy 'ithin the %iological

$olecule into for$s they can use to carry out life

processes#

2# rocess of the release of energy is affected %y

e*ternal environ$ent#

3# he structure and organisation of the respiratory

syste$ is dictated %y the function that it serves#

4# eta%olic path'ay is a se/uence of eny$e

controlled reactions#

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19

ENERGY•How is the energy “generated” in yourbody?

•Do plants respire? Is the processsimilar to that of Man?

•Compare the energy conversion in plant

and in Man.



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Key Understanding1.Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It canonly be converted from one form into another.

2.Respiration is the process by which livingorganisms convert energy into forms they canuse to carry out life processes.

3.Some organisms can respire aerobically aswell as anaerobically.

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio-2010-cellular-respiration 21/79 oard'ors .td 23of 74

he %odies energy$aing reaction needs si$ilar

things to the energy$aing process of fire#.ie fire the %ody needs o*ygen and a fuel#

+and the fuelfuel :in the for$ of

digested food; co$es courtesy of

the digestive syste$#

0nergy$aing process

the oxygenoxygen is

supplied %y the

%reathing

syste$



0 i



oard'ors .td 23of 74

herefore the ra' $aterials for the energy$aing

process eventually arrive at the %ody cells#

his energy$aing process is no'n as###

! " # $ % & $ O ' ! " # $ % & $ O '

0ach living cell is supplied 'ith food and o*ygen in

order to generate energy#

o*ygen

%lood

food++

capillary

$uscle cell

0nergy$aing process

& t d t




=o che$ical reaction is 1> efficient#

herefore as 'ell as producing the useful energy respirationalso produces 'aste products#

hese 'aste products

$ust %e re$oved fro$

the %ody#

his is e*actly 'hat happens

&aste products

If the process of %reathing in is used to o%tain the @2

for respiration it 'ould $ae sense for the %ody touse the process of %reathing out to re$ove these

'aste products of this reaction#



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Cellular Respiration

•The process by which organisms break downenergy rich molecules (eg. glucose) to releasethe energy in the ATP form.

• Overall equationfor aerobic respiration of glucose:

• C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

• glucose + oxygen carbon + water + large amou

• dioxide of energy



27

• Involves three metabolicstages:-

• 1 Glycolysis• (cytoplasm)

• 2 The Krebs Cycle

• (mitochondrial matrix)

•• oxidative phosphorylation

• (inner membranes of

mitochondrion)




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Mitochondria



3



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Diagram from Biozone Senior Biology 1



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• 1. Glycolysis

- occurs in the cytoplasm- involves breakdown of glucoseinto 2 molecules of pyruvate

Outline of cellular respiration

2. Krebs Cycle

- occurs in the mitochondrion matrix- decomposes a derivative of pyruvateto carbon dioxide

(

3. Electron transport and oxidative

phosphorylation- occurs in the inner membrane of themitochondrion

- Accounts for almost 90% of the ATPgenerated by respiration

)

*

Diagram from Advanced Human and Social Biology : Student’s Art Notebook



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• he acetyl grouppasses into a cyclicreaction and co$%ines'ith a 4 car%on$olecule to fro$ a 6

car%on $olecule#• he )o+ is released for

reuse#• -uccessive steps in the

cycle re$ove car%onas car%on dio*ide#

Krebs cycle

Diagram from Biological Science 1 by N..!. "reen# ".$. Stout# D. %. &aylor# 'ambridge (niversity ress



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Electron Transport System

Diagram from Advanced Human and Social Biology : Student’s Art Notebook

• 1 =+D( yields 3 +

• 1 A+D(2 yields 2 +



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Summary of ATP production

Diagram from Biological Science 1 by N..!. "reen# ".$. Stout# D. %. &aylor# 'ambridge (niversity ress



41 %dvanced uman and $ocial 'iology $tudent)s %rt *otebook

AdenosineTriphosphate

+ is a convenient store of

energy for a cell %ecause

, it stores energy in

relatively s$all a$ount#, it is /uicly hydrolysed in a

onestep reaction to

release energy#

, it is easily $oved aroundinside cells %ut cannot

pass through cell

$e$%ranes#



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Formation of ATP

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.



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Oxygen consumption of mitochondria

interactive experiment+,

http!""'''#cells#de"cellseng"1$edienarchiv"Bellfuntionen"

e$%Corg"Bellat$ung"+t$ungsativitaet"inde*#<sp



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Online Respiration Matching Game

http!""'''#/uia#co$"$c"18211#ht$l



&hat is respiration?




0nergy

de$ands

@*ygen

availa%le

Aor$ or

respiration&hatEs happening?

beforelo' high aero%ic

during

high lo' " none aero%ic

:%ut slo'ing;

after dropping none " lo'

??






??

(o' can the %ody perfor$ aero%ic

respiration in this situation?

+ero%ic respiration re/uires o*ygen %ut 'hen you have

%een running a race or doing strenuous e*ercise you

cannot inhale enough o*ygen for this reaction#

Flucose G @*ygen )ar%on Dio*ide G &ater G !nergy

his process fails

ut if this process fails 'hen the o*ygen levels drop the

%ody 'ould %e left 'ith a%solutely no energy#

at s esp at o




&ith aero%ic respiration the cells supply of o*ygen and

food is relatively constant#

o*ygen

food

cell%lood

&hen this supply is

cut off the cell is left

'ith e*cess food and

lacs energy#

It solves this pro%le$ %y $aing energy fro$ <ust the food

alone

+naero%ic respiration




=o' %ecause it is releasing energy fro$ food it is still

perfor$ing respiration#

ut it is not aerobic respiration %ecause there is

nono o*ygen present# :aero $eans of air ;

herefore 'e call it %'%!OB$C%'%!OB$C respiration#

he energy %eing $ade %y %reaing do'n the food

'ithout o*ygen#

his see$s a %etter process

o %e a%le to $ae energy 'ithout needing o*ygen 'ould

%e very %eneficial#

(o'ever there is a pro%le$#

p





He$e$%er the last ti$e you ran a race carried a heavy

'eight or s'a$ under 'ater for too long and ran short

of %reath#

It pro%a%ly felt unco$forta%le#

&ell if anaero%ic respiration 'as as efficient as it

sounds this lac of co$fort 'ould not happen#

p




Flucose .actic +cid G :so$e;

0nergy

his 'aste product is no'n as L%C&$C %C$D#

herefore the e/uation for anaero%ic respiration is

fro$ the digestive

syste$

'aste

product

not as $uch energy

as 'ith aero%ic

respiration

Jou 'ill notice that this reaction is only an option for short

periods of ti$e#

his is %ecause the 'aste product is har$ful and not

enough energy is $ade to satisfy the %ody#

p



&hy is lactic acid so har$ful?




If you 'ant to consider the full i$pact of da$age caused

%y the presence of lactic acid <ust re$e$%er that the

heart is $ade of $uscle cells

his leaves us 'ith a pro%le$###

if 'e 'ant to do e*ercise

&e 'ant the energy

that anaero%ic

respiration produces

-!" 'O

-o the ans'er is for anaero%ic respiration to %e a KgapfillE

during periods of very lo' " no o*ygen availa%ility#

y

ut 'e donEt 'ant the

lactic acid 'aste

product





ti$e

o*ygen

levels

rest

e*ercise

e*ercise

stops

aero%ic

anaero%ic

+naero%ic respiration eeps our %odies going until 'e

can %reathe in $ore o*ygen again#

&hilst 'e are perfor$ing anaero%ic respiration our

%odies are %uilding up a Kde%tE of o*ygen#

.actic acid




his is rather lie o'ing the %an so$e $oney#

@nce you get so$e $oney you have to pay off thatde%t#

&e can thin of that de%t as %eing the presence oflactic acid in the %ody#

.actic acid




&hen our %odies convert

fro$ aero%ic to anaero%ic

respiration 'e start

$aing lactic acid#

+s soon as this %egins the%ody starts %uilding an

oxygen debt#

his is e/uivalent to the

a$ount of o*ygen it 'ould

have used if aero%ic

respiration had continued#

.actic acid




his o*ygen de%t 'ill have to %e repaid 'hen the e*ercise

stops#

@*ygen 'ill %e used to %rea do'n the lactic acid that is

present in the %ody#

he o*ygen Ko*idisesE the lactic acid#

In fact the lactic acid is o*idised into car%on dio*ideand 'ater#

In this 'ay the process of aero%ic respiration can %e converted into

he process of anaero%ic respiration 'hich can then turn %ac into###



63

Anaerobic Respiration

•All organisms can metabolize glucoseanaerobically (without O2) using glycolysis in

the cytoplasm, but the energy yield is very

low and it produces much more toxic wasteproducts.

•In yeast and plants, alcoholic fermentation

occurs.•In animals, production of lactic acid.



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•Muscle cells can respire anaerobically forshort periods of time when there is ashortage of oxygen. It incur an oxygen debt.

•Oxygen debt is the amount of O2 required tooxidise the lactic acid produced

•Lactic acid is produced which causes fatigue

•Lactic acid is transported to the liver andconverted back into glucose when the body isno longer short of O2.

Anaerobic Respiration



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Overall Equations for Anaerobic Equations

•Plants & Yeast

•C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2 + energy

•glucose ethanol + carbon + smallamount

• dioxide of energy

•Animals•C6H12O6 C3H6O3 + energy

•glucose lactic acid + small amount

• of energy



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Photosynthesisvs

RespirationHow are they different and similar?

BASICdiff



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BASIC differences

#hotosynthesis espirationroduces sugars for energy urns sugars for energy

0nergy is stored 0nergy is released

@ccurs only in cells 'ithchloroplasts

@ccurs in $ost cells

@*ygen is produced @*ygen is used

&ater is used &ater is produced

)ar%on dio*ide is used )ar%on dio*ide is produced

He/uires light @ccurs in dar and light



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StructureChloroplast .itochondrion

Inner e$%rane 0lectron and (G iontransport

+ -ynthesis

0lectron and (G iontransport

+ -ynthesis

Direction of (G ionstransport

@utside to Inside Inside to outside

)ar%on reactions D=+ -tro$a atri*

Inner

e$%rane

atri*

-tro$a+nrichment



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ATP Synthesis

#hotosynthesis espiration

u$ps (G ions Jes Jes

(G gradientdrives +for$ation

Jes Jes

+ synthase Jes Jes

+nrichment



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References

•http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~dcp/bio113a/ch910comp.ht

ml•http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/Plant_Biology/photopart.html

•http://www.skoool.co.uk/lgfl/keystage3.aspx?id=63

•http://www.aw-bc.com/mathews/ch17/fi17p4c.htm



How different?%erobic

i ti

%naerobic

i ti



/ith regard to

0lucose

Oxygen

!nergy produced

Flucose co$pletelyo*idised

respiration respiration

Conclusion1 $nterpretation2

+ero%ic respiration is the %reado'n of CCCCCCCCCCCCC in the

presence of o*ygen 'ith the release of a CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC of energyin CCCCCCCCCCCC cells#

+naero%ic respiration is the %reado'n of food su%stances 'ith the

release of a CCCCCCCCCCCCCC of energy in the CCCCCCCCCCCC of

i li i ll

Bio 2010 Cellular Respiration

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