Binary Paideia

In the AIHE’s Liberty Fellowships

For US DoE Teaching American History Grants

Co

nn

ection

sBetween the Constitution & Between the Constitution & Ancient Republics, & Ancient Republics, & English PrecedentsEnglish Precedents

POLITEIA

The Regime

POLITEUMA The Ruling

Order

Polis The State

PAIDEIAWhat Makes a

State What It Is

POLITEIA

• The Type of Regime

–Despotism

–Direct Democracy

– Republicanism

–Monarchy

– Fascist Authoritarian

– Communist Totalitarian

POLITEUMA

• The Ruling Order

–Those who can dispense Offices and Honors

PAIDEIA

• That what makes a city or society what it is

• Offices and Honors are given in accordance to the Paideia

• What a Society bows to

VIRTUE

For the Ancient Greeks:

LOGOSLOGOSReasoned SpeechReasoned Speech

The Highest Moral Excellence The Highest Moral Excellence

The Highest VirtueThe Highest Virtue• Public LifePublic Life

• FraternityFraternity– Private Life most like animals.Private Life most like animals.

Ancient Greeks

Politeia Regime: The Assembly

Politeuma Ruling order: Citizens

Paideia What makes a city what it is: Iliad & Odyssey

Virtue The highest moral excellence:Participation in the Polis- LogosLogos

Contrasts: Spartans AtheniansGreeks Persians

Founders Brought up on:Founders Brought up on:

• Greeks Greeks

–PlatoPlato

–AristotleAristotle

• RomansRomans

–Plutarch 46-120 ADPlutarch 46-120 AD

–Livy 59 BC – 17ADLivy 59 BC – 17AD

–Cicero 106 – 43 BCCicero 106 – 43 BC

Founders Brought up on:Founders Brought up on:

• MachiavelliMachiavelli

• BaconBacon

• HobbesHobbes

• MontesquieuMontesquieu

• SidneySidney

• HarringtonHarrington

• LockeLocke

• HumeHume

Greek Problem

•Haves vs. Have-nots–Have-nots can vote

–They continuously vote for war

–Constant faction quarrels

ROMEThe Roman Republic was based on a militaryThe Roman Republic was based on a military

culture.culture.PoliteiaPoliteia RegimeRegime Comitia Comitia

CenturiataCenturiataPoliteumaPoliteuma Ruling order Ruling order Patrician, Patrician,

NobilityNobilityPaideia Paideia What makes What makes Romulus Romulus

a state a state & Remus& RemusVirtueVirtue The highest The highest Heroic Martial Heroic Martial

moral excellence moral excellence Valor Valor Pride, HonorPride, Honor

ContrastsContrasts The RepublicThe Republic The EmpireThe Empire

Major ChangeMajor Change

ChristianityChristianityUniversal Religion for Universal Universal Religion for Universal

EmpireEmpire

– Equality of All Equality of All • All can get to HeavenAll can get to Heaven• All can be become HOLYAll can be become HOLY• Highest moral excellence – Highest moral excellence –

HOLINESSHOLINESS– Otherworld Matters MostOtherworld Matters Most

Private Life is ParamountPrivate Life is Paramount

GR

EE

K L

OG

OS

Remains

New Culture melds

• JerusalemJerusalem

• AthensAthens

• RomeRome

MACHIAVELLIFather of Modern Liberal Democracy

GO

OD

INS

TIT

UT

ION

S

Not Good Men as the Means to Good Government

BALANCE

CONFLICT

TENSIONGrandi & Popolo united to destroy

their neighbors

VIR

TU

E

In the Institutions

CONTRAST

• Ancient RepublicsAncient Republics

• Medieval RepublicsMedieval Republics

• Modern RepublicsModern Republics

Further Development

•Francis Bacon•Thomas Hobbes•James Harrington

•John Locke

John Locke

Continues the Move away from Christianity

God gave man the EARTH

God gave man REASON

Natural Providence is a Reflection of Divine Providence

Every Man has Property in His own Person

• Major Paradigm Shift

– The Labor or Work of my hands are mine ---- My Property

– Common land becomes “my land.”

– “I work it. It’s mine!”

GENESIS 1:28

• CHRISTIANS & JEWS

Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the Earth . . .

• BACON & LOCKE

. . . and subdue it.

American History

Society Time Period Society

Royalists/Cavaliers English Civil War Puritans/Roundheads

Monarchy Politeia/Regime Parliament

Aristocracy Polituma/Ruling Class Gentry/ Middle class

Anglican ChurchHierarchy

Paideia/What makes a society what it is

BibleCalvin's Institutes

Loyalty Virtue/ The highest moral excellence

Piety

Society Time Period Society

British Empire American Revolution Patriots

King in Parliament Politeia/Regime Assemblies/Congress

Aristocracy/Gentry Polituma/Ruling Class White male landowners

Glorious Revolution Paideia/What makes a society what it is

Republicanism, Charters,John Locke's Two

Treatises

Loyalty Virtue/ The highest Virtue/ The highest moral excellencemoral excellence

Liberty

US 1860

South

• State Gov’t w/i Federal Gov’t

• Planters

• Constitution,

Hierarchy

Slave Culture

• Honor

North

• National Republic

• Male Citizens

• Declaration,

Free Market

Industrialization

• Industry

P

A

I

D

I

E

A

1940

NAZI GERMANY

• Totalitarian Dictatorship

• Nazi Party

• German PurityMein KampfRacial Superiority

• Loyalty, Service to the Volk

UNITED STATES

• Federal Republic

• Citizens

• Declaration,

Constitution,

Bill of Rights

• Liberty, Industry, Duty, Patriotism

PAIDIEA

BIN

AR

Y P

AID

EIA

Monarchy

Whigs

British

North

Industrial

Free Market

Democratic

Republic

Tories

Colonists

South

Agrarian

Socialist

Totalitarian

STORIES

For More Information

See Your CD-ROM

Or, www.AmericanInstituteforHistory.org

“Binary Paideia”“Changing Paideia Throughout History”