Binary Data Storage and Binary Data Storage and ManipulationManipulation

Adam DeNoble

Chris Kratz

John Moss

Ted Trisco

Binary Data Storage and Binary Data Storage and ManipulationManipulation

Our purpose:– Brief history of counting and its machines– Binary system and implementation to circuitry– Logic gates and our circuitry project– Demonstration– Extension and nano circuitry

Historical development of Historical development of number systemsnumber systems

Overview of historical methods of communicating numbers – Abacus in China,

Greece and Rome – Pascal and Pascaline– Gottfried Wilhelm

Leibniz and the binary system

Historical development of Historical development of number systemsnumber systems

Overview of historical implementation of counting and calculating machines – Analytical Machine – “Tabulator Machine” – Electromechanical

calculators – First generation IBM

The Binary SystemThe Binary System Decimal system (0-9) Binary (0 and 1)

– Single digit = 1 bit– Our project uses 8 bits (1 byte)

Addition– Simple arithmetic rules

0 + 0 = 0 0 + 1 = 1 1 +0 = 1 1 + 1 = 0 (carry 1 to next column)

Subtraction– Two’s complement

Correlation between binary Correlation between binary data and electrical currentdata and electrical current

Implementation– Logical on / off system works by channeling

voltage– Ease of communication between electronic

devices

Advantages– Logical simplicity – Fast processing speed

Correlation between binary Correlation between binary data and electrical currentdata and electrical current

Binary representation remains the standard– Underlying implementation of the high level

programming that is the staple of software today

Logic CircuitryLogic Circuitry

Basic gates– AND

Input A Input B Output

True True True

False True False

True False False

False False False

Logic CircuitryLogic Circuitry

Basic gates– OR

Input A Input B Output

True True True

False True True

True False True

False False False

Logic CircuitryLogic Circuitry

Basic gates– NAND

Input A Input B Output

True True False

False True True

True False True

False False True

Logic CircuitryLogic Circuitry

Basic gates– XOR

Input A Input B Output

True True False

False True True

True False True

False False False

Our Circuitry Project:Our Circuitry Project:8-bit binary adder8-bit binary adder

What it does – Representation of an Arithmetic Logic Unit– Takes human input of 2 binary numbers– Light emitting diodes show current bit patterns

and the sum

Our Circuitry Project:Our Circuitry Project:8-bit binary adder8-bit binary adder

Basic construction– Transistors– Resistors– Switches– LED’s/Bulbs

Bits Flags

Our Circuitry Project:Our Circuitry Project:8-bit adder8-bit adder

Flags– Sign– Zero– Carry– Overflow

DemonstrationDemonstration

Example of addition Example of addition with audience volunteer

ExtensionExtension

Easily modified with pin header

Nano circuitryNano circuitry

Method by which modern computing processors are manufactured

Manufactured in safe/clean environmentProportion: Our project vs. Pentium IV

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

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