Bill Dutton with Hsiao-hui Chen, Martin Dimov, Jianbin Jin Oxford Internet Institute (OII)
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Transcript of Bill Dutton with Hsiao-hui Chen, Martin Dimov, Jianbin Jin Oxford Internet Institute (OII)
![Page 1: Bill Dutton with Hsiao-hui Chen, Martin Dimov, Jianbin Jin Oxford Internet Institute (OII)](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033102/56812cf0550346895d91bbf1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
:Observing the Information Society:
What Do We Not Know?
Bill Dutton with Hsiao-hui Chen, Martin Dimov, Jianbin Jin
Oxford Internet Institute (OII) University of Oxford
www.ox.ac.uk
Presentation for Seminar ‘Observing the Information Society in Portugal: State of the Art, Lisbon, 13 December 2006.
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• 2003 and 2005• Cross-sectional surveys versus panels• Probability sample of England, Scotland & Wales
• Respondents: 14 year olds and older
• Face-to-face interviews• Sponsorship from Hefce, AOL, BT, Ofcom, and
Wanadoo (Orange)
Oxford Internet Surveys (OxIS)
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Oxford Internet Surveys (OxIS)
2003 2005
Fielded in June-July February-March
Number of respondents
2,030 2,185
Response rate
66% 72%
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• The World Internet Project (WIP)
- Initiated 2000, UCLA, now at USC
- Data for 22 nations (and expanding)
- www.worldinternetproject.net
• Britain: Oxford Internet Surveys (OxIS)
The World Internet Project
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The Development of a Cyberinfrastructure
Themes of Social Research
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2000 2005
InternetMobile
Centrality of the Internet in Britain, 2000-05
Source: Oxford Internet Survey: www.oii.ox.ac.uk
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The Development of a Cyberinfrastructure
Digital Divides Shaping Access
Themes of Social Research
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Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
______________________________________________________
Percent Internet Use, circa 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Hungary
Iran Chile Spain Italy Czech Macao Britain JapanSweden
SingaporeCanada
USA
2005
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Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Percent Internet Users, 2003-5
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Has Internet adoption reached a plateau?Adoption in Britain (2003–2005)
59 60
6 8
35 32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Current users Lapsed users Non-users
2003 2005
OxIS 2003: N=2,029 (All respondents); OxIS 2005: N=2,185 (All respondents)
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Broadband connection per householdwith Internet access (2003-2005)
59
19
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Broadband
% of householdswith Internet
access
2005 2003
OxIS 2003: N= 1,172 (Households with Internet access);OxIS 2005: N = 1,330 (Households with Internet access)
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Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
______________________________________________________________________
Percent Who Use the Internet: Lowest and Highest Economic Quartiles,
circa 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hungary
Iran China Czech ItalySweden Macao Spain
CanadaSingapore
USA
1st Quartile
4th Quartile
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Patterns of the Digital Divide in Britain
No Mobile phone
No PC
No Home Internet
Up to £12,500
51+
Big city + Suburban
University education
Home InternetPC
Secondary education£37,500 to £50,000
£25,000 to £37,500
Village + FarmOver £50,000
Male
21-30
£12,500 to £25,000
FemaleLower education
Mobile phone 31-50
up to 20 Small city
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
? = 0.953
? = 0.038
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Digital Divide in Portugal
MaleFemaleVillage + farmBellow secondary No home Internet
Do not use computerSmall city
31-5021-30
Mobile phone
51+
Big city + suburban
SecondaryHome InternetUse computer
University
up to 20
No Mobile phone
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
-2 -1 0 1 2
?=0.957
?=0.037
Patterns of Digital Divides in Portugal
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Patterns of Digital Divides in Bulgaria Divide in Bulgaria
up to 150 BGN
No Cell PhoneUniversity Education51+
up to 20
SofiaBellow secondary Education
Home InternetUse Internet
No Home Internet801 BGN and over
Big city Female
21-30Male
151-350 BGN
Small town
No Internet
Rural/village
601-800 BGN
31-50Secondary Education
351-600 BGN
Cell Phone
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
-2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2
?=0.906
?=0.08
8
Source: eBulgaria survey, 2005, Vitosha Research£1 = 2,63 BGN
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Patterns of Digital Divides in Hong Kong Divide in Bulgaria
Home internet
University
Female
up to 10000
Mobile phoneSecondary
10001-2000021-30
20001-30000
Bellow secondaryMale
Internet
30001-40000
31-50
30001-40000
51+
No internet
No home internet
up to 20No mobile phone
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
_=0,93
_=0,056
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Patterns of Digital Divides in Macao Divide in Bulgaria
Male Female
Secondary24001 and overUniversity
18001-2400021-30
Mobile
Home internet
Internet
No home internet
6001-1200012001-18000 51+
No internet
31-50
up to 6000
Bellow secondary
up to 20
No mobile
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0
_=0,881
_=0,105
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The Development of a Cyberinfrastructure
Digital Divides Shaping Access
Digital Choices: Gender and Age?
Themes of Social Research
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Generally speaking, how interested would yousay you are in the Internet (2005)
012
427
348
36159
3919
1 1760
0 20 40 60 80 100
%
Don't know
Very interested
Interested
Not very interested
Not at all interested
Users Drop-outs Non users
N=2,185 (All respondents)
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Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
____________________________________________________
Internet Use by Gender, circa 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Hungary
Iran Chile Spain Italy China Czech Macao BritainSwedenJapan
SingaporeCanada
USA
Male
Female
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Internet Use by Life Stage, 2003-2005
Source: OxIS 2003, Number of respondents = 2,030 – OxIS 2005 Number of respondents = 2,185
Pupils: age 14-22 years and in full time education.Working age: employed of any age and all other persons not in employment up to age 55. Retired: 55 or over and not in employment.
98 97
67 68
2230
0102030405060708090
100
%
Pupils Working Age Retirees
2003
2005
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Interest in the Internet by Age
66
7868
52
73
2127
32
47
21
7
2734
7379
93
0102030405060708090
100
14-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
%
Not at all/not very interested Interested/very interested
N = 2,185 All respondents
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Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Internet Use by Age, circa 2003
91%95%
80% 81%
60%
70%66%
45%
14%
37%32%
56%
63%73%
50%
75%
4%9%
12%
32%
22%
39%
12%
67%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
USA Korea Britain Japan Germany Spain Italy Hungary
16-24 35-44 55-64
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Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
Internet Use by Age, circa 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Iran
HungaryMacao China Spain Italy
Singapore
Czech Japan BritainSwedenCanadaUSA
16-24
35-44
55-64
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Places of Access by Age
68
7
43
70
5657
42
2816
2913
1619
34
51
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
14-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
%
1 3 or moreN = 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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Always On Broadband
47
60
0
64
535046
3732
18
32
2226
22
40
26
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
14-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
%
Only when I use it All the timeN = 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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Multi-tasking by Age
41
75
7
73
4847
352831
297
1417
2924
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
14-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
%
No Yes most of the timeN = 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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The Development of a Cyberinfrastructure
Digital Divides and Choices Shaping Access
Internet, Google or TV Generation
Divides and Choices in Patterns of Use
Themes of Social Research
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On average how often do you…..?
1. Several times a day2. Daily 3. Weekly4. Monthly5. Less than monthly6. Never
OxIS 2005 Question
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92
87
83
78
77
74
71
66
66
61
56
55
54
54
48
47
45
42
39
39
36
33
33
26
22
21
17
13
13
10
10
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% of users
Check email
Product info
Surf/Browse
Look up fact
Travel plans
Buying online
Book travel
Send email attachments
Local events info
News
Instant messaging
Weather forecasts
Sports information
Downloading/listening to music
Play games
Look up word definition
Online banking
Look for jobs
School material
Paying bills
Look for jokes
Download/watch videos
Listen to radio
Chat
Family tree
Distant learning
Read blogs
Phone calls
Sexual sites
Invest stock & funds
Religious sites
Gamble
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Factors Identified
1) Entertainment (find jokes; play games; download or listen to music; download or watch videos)
2) Information (get information about local events; look for news; look for sport news; check the weather)
3) Banking (paying bills; online banking; investing in stocks or funds)
4) Learning (look up a word definition; look up a fact; look for school information; distant learning)
5) Communication (check email; instant message; send email attachments)
6) Planning (make travel plans; look for jobs; book travel online)
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e-Communication (2005)
92
6756
2613
0
1020
30
4050
60
7080
90
100
%
Check email Send emailattachments
Instantmessaging
Chat Phone calls
Users
N= 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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e-Entertainment (2005)
53 4836 33 33
01020304050607080
90100
%
Downloadlisten to music
Play games Jokes Downloadwatch videos
Listen to radio
Users
N= 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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ExcellentGoodFairBad/Poor
Self-rated Internet ability
2.50
2.00
1.50
Mean of e-Information
2.763
2.462
2.09
1.372
Use for Information by Expertise
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e-Information by Age
One Way Anova: F = 3.7, Sig = .001
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Look for Health Information by Age
3643 46 46
35
2528
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
14-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
% Yes
N = 1,309 Current Internet Users
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e-Banking by Age
One Way Anova: F = 9.4, Sig = .000
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75+65-7455-6445-5435-4425-3418-2414-17
Age
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
Mean of e-Entertainment
Use for Entertainment by Age
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FemaleMale
Gender
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.75
Mean of e-Entertainment
Mean of Entertainment by Gender
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FemaleMale
Gender
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.75
Mean of e-Entertainment
Mean of Entertainment by Gender
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Secondary37,500 to 50,00012,500 to 25,000
Big city + suburbanSmall city
Bellow secondary [one 1]
25,000 to 37,500Up to 12,500
Travel plans
Female
31-50University
Over 50,000
News
Village + farm
Male
Weather
51+
up to 20
21-30 Local events
Job search
Blogs
Humour
Sports Family tree
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
? = 0.555
? = 0.250
Patterns of Use in Britain, 2005
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Up to 12,500 Bellow secondary [one1 ]
12,500 to 25,000Small city
Secondary
up to 20
Games
Male
21-30
Music
Videos
Erotic sites
Gambling,sweepstakes
Religion
Over 50,000 University
Radio
Big city + suburban
51+
Vilage + farm Surfing,browsing
Female31-50
25,000 to 37,50037,500 to 50,000
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4
? = 0.554
? = 0.312
Patterns of Interest in Media Content in Britain, 2005
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The Development of a Cyberinfrastructure
Digital Divides and Choices Shaping Access
Internet, Google or TV Generation
Divides and Choices in Patterns of Use
Developing Trust in an Experience Technology
Themes of Social Research
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Newspapers
Television
Internet
Mean reliability rating
2005
2003
How reliable and accurate would you rate the information found in/on …. ?
Source: OxIS 2003, N = 1717, 1965, 1985; OxIS 2005 N = 1507, 1944, 1886
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Major companies
The Government
Television news
Newspapers
Internet Providers
Mean confidence rating
2005
2003
How much confidence you have in the people running … [What about the Internet? How much confidence to you have in the people providing Internet services?]
Source: OxIS 2003, Number of respondents = 2,030; OxIS 2005 Number of respondents = 2,185
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Scientists
Doctors
People known
People in country
People online
Mean confidence rating
2005
2003
Please tell me how much confidence you have in the following groups of people …[Most people you can communicate with on the Internet.]
Source: OxIS 2003, Number of respondents = 2,030; OxIS 2005 Number of respondents = 2,185
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The Development of a Cyberinfrastructure
Digital Divides and Choices Shaping Access
Internet, Google or TV Generation
Divides and Choices in Patterns of Use
Developing Trust in an Experience Technology
The Societal Impact: Reconfiguring Access
Themes of Social Research
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Technological Determinism: Utopian v Dystopian
Perspectives on Social Impacts
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Providing information online (2005)
18 16 16 14
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Post pictures/photos
Distributionlist for email
Post ondiscussion/message
boards
Have awebsite
Keep a blog
Users
N= 1,309 (Current Internet users)(e) Proxy use
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Technological Determinism: Utopian v Dystopian
Dual Effects
Perspectives on Social Impacts
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Technological Determinism: Utopian v Dystopian
Dual Effects
Substitution
Perspectives on Social Impacts
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____________________________________________________
Average Number of Hours per Week Watching TV:Internet Users and Non-Users
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Sweden
Spain
Canada
Chile
China
Czech
Macao
USA
Singapore
Iran
Hungary
Japan
Britain
2005 Non-Use
2005 Users
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sweden Chile Macao USA Singapore Hungary Japan Britain
Number of Hours
2003 Users
2003 Non-Use
2005 Users
2005 Non-Use
____________________________________________________
Average Number of Hours per Week Watching TV:Internet Users and Non-Users
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
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“Has the use of the Internet increased or decreased your contact with your family and friends?” (2005)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Singapore
USA IranCzech
HungaryMacao Spain
Sweden CanadaChina
IncreasedSame
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
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Technological Determinism: Utopian v Dystopian
Dual Effects
Substitution
Domestication: Social Shaping of Technology
Perspectives on Social Impacts
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Technological Determinism: Utopian v Dystopian
Dual Effects
Substitution
Reinforcement: Social Shaping of Technology
Reconfiguring Access
Perspectives on Social Impacts
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Changing Cost Structures
Restructuring the Architecture of Networks
Redistributing Power between Senders-Receivers
Expanding, Contracting the Geography of Access
Creating or Eliminating Gatekeepers
Enabling or Disabling User Control
How ICTs Reconfigure Access:
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Where would you go first if looking forinformation on… (2005)
241818
33
7
35
20
10
27
812
34
7
44
39
43
9
34
5
19
35
10
24
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Name of localMP
Taxes Planningjourney/holiday
Book that youheard about
Local schools
Use the telephone Personally visit person/locationGo to book/directory Use the InternetDon't know
N=2,185 (All respondents)
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Where would you go first for Information (Name of MP) by Age
19
39
8
2421201817
118 11
253740
48
56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
14-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
%
Go to book/directory Use the InternetN = 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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Do you read any newspapers or news serviceonline that you do not read in print? (2005)
80% No
20% Yes
Yes
No
N= 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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Met people or made friends online – 2005
80% No
20% Yes
Yes
No
N= 1,309 (Current Internet users)
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Friends Met Online, Britain 2005
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mean
Median
Number
In person
Not in person
Source: OxIS: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/oxis/
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Average Number of Online Friends Met in Person
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
0.8
1.9
0.6
1.0
2.32.2
0.9
2.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
USA Korea Japan Singapore Spain Macao Hungary China(Urban)
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Number of Online Friends Never Met in Person
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.6
3.2
1.1
2.83.3 3.3
7.7
0
2
4
6
8
USA Korea Japan Singapore Macao Hungary China(Urban)
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Average Number of Online Friends Met in Person: by User Category
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.org/
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
0.40.7
0.20.4 0.6
1.00.6
0.9
1.7
3.64.0
0.9
3.73.4
3.9
3.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
USA Korea Japan Singapore Spain Macao Hungary China(Urban)
Light Users (Less than 5 hours a week)
Heavy Users ( 24 hours or more per week)
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Average Number of Online Friends Never Met in Person by User Category
Source: http://www.worldinternetproject.net/
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
0.8 1.20.5 0.7
3.3 3.64.4
6.75.8
4.55.2
3.7
9.6
12.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
USA Korea Japan Singapore Macao Hungary China(Urban)
Light Users (Less than 5 hours a week)
Heavy Users (24 hours or more per week)
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Infrastructure v. New Technology
Digital Divides
Digital Choices
Stratification of Age Groups: Generations
Experience Technologies
Reconfiguring Access
Emerging Themes of Social Research
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Common Variables v. Identical Questions
Comparison of Within Systems Analyses
Qualitative Visualization v. Quantitative Precision
Multi-trait, Multi-method
Focus on Users v. Population as a Whole
Emerging Analytical Strategies
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OxIS (Feb-March) 2007
OII, University of Oxford
www.oii.ox.ac.uk
E-mail: oxis at oii.ox.ac.uk