Bijapur Provincial Architecture

8/11/2019 Bijapur Provincial Architecture

1/18

PROVINCIAL STYLE OF

BIJAPUR ARCHITECTURE

MADE BY:AISHWARYA DEOPUJARI

OJAS SOBTIAISHWARYA DEOPUJARIAKSHAY ANANDVARNIKA JAINMITUL JAINYASH ARORA


2/18

Indo Islamic architecture in Bijapur, a city in the state of Karnataka flourishedunder the Muslim rulers in the medieval period. This city first experienced itsIslamic architecture in the end of 13th century under Allaudin Khilji and laterunder the Bahamani Empire in 1347. However, Bijapur was decked and dottedwith wonderful Indo Islamic architectures during reign of the Adil Shahi dynasty

in the 15th to 17th century. Bijapur became the capital of the Adil Shahi dynasty when the Bahmani Muslim

kingdom broke up in 1482. This was the period of greatest Islamic architecturaland artistic achievement. During the entire regime, Adil Shahi rulers

concentrated their energies almost exclusively on architecture and on the alliedarts.


3/18

IJAPUR PLAN)


4/18

They constructed their buildings in three different ways:

PALACES

TOMBS

MASJIDS/MOSQUES


5/18

However, the golden period of Indo Islamicarchitecture in Bijapur started during the regimeof Ali Adil Shah I which was from 1557 to 1579.

He combined and expanded his kingdom, builtCitadels, palaces, gardens, and pavilions. He built the Jumma Masjid to celebrate the

Talikota victory. After his demise, his successorIbrahim Adil Shah II (1580-1626) expanded hiskingdom at a large extent and developed thecity to its political, cultural and territorial peak.


6/18

Adil Sahi dynasty started their construction to the Bijapurcity during the first half of the sixteenth century. Theyconstructed the citadel, a fortress containing a palace,imperial buildings, and two small mosques. As the power

of the Adil Shahi increased, a city developed around thecitadel, and gradually they enclosed the city withinstrongly fortified walls.

These walls were extended over six miles incircumference, and from the citadel in the centre roads

had six city gates. However, they had no direct alignmentand systematic planning for the city. At the beginning ofthe seventeenth century, expansion of the city becamenecessary for the Adil Sahi dynasty and so the suburbs ofShahapur on the north and Ainapur on the east arose.


7/18

architectural constructions were influenced from the regionalculture and thus became the amalgamation of Turkish culture (asthey belong from the Turkish origin) with that of Indian culture.The main features of the building art of Bijapur were the dome,which, in buildings of average proportions.

They were almost spherical in shape, and rises out of a band ofconventional petals at its base. These forms were repeated to theturrets to provide an ornamental finishing, surmounted theprincipal angles of the minarets. This specific Bijapur arch wasfuller in its curve and had four-centre. In the Islamic architecture ofBijapur province, they used cornice, a characteristic architecturalornament in most of the buildings which were famous for theirremarkable size and projection.


8/18

Apart from their separate architectural style, the IndoIslamic architectures of Bijapur province were alsofamous for their sculptural element. The patternswhich they used to decorate their buildings were fromplastic art, so individual in character.

Among these different sculptures, one important andfamous pattern was the arch spandrils, consisting of avoluted bracket holding a medallion, and above the

arch was a foliated finial all singularly graceful. Several other sculptures were either carved in stone ormoulded in stucco with this typical design such asconventional hanging lamps, running borders, andinterlaced symbols.


9/18


10/18

The Jami Masjid, built by Ali Shah I (1558-80). It isconstructed in the southeast part of Bijapur city and isthe finest example of Indo Islamic architecture of thatprovince.

It is a large structure, as its plan forms a rectangle 450feet by 225 feet, and has an entrance gate to theeastern side of the mosque. It also has two more gatesin the south and north direction respectively.

The walls of this building offer a considerable area ofplain masonry, with two rows of arcades one abovethe other, the lower being merely ornamental, but theupper row is open and discloses an arched corridorresembling a loggia.


11/18

Prayer room facade

Mihraab

Elevation (south)

Jami masjid


12/18


13/18

Gol Gombadh meaning "rose dome", (a reference to the flower/rose/lotuspetals that surround the dome at its base, making it appear as a buddingrose)-- is the mausoleum for sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah I.

The structure is composed of a cube, 47.5 metres (156 ft) on each side,capped by a dome44 m (144 ft) in external diameter. "Eight intersecting

arches created by two rotated squares that createinterlockingpendentives" support the dome. At each of the four corners of the cube, is a dome-capped octagonal

tower seven stories high with a staircase inside.[1]The upper floor of eachopens on to a round gallery which surrounds the dome. Inside themausoleum hall, is a square podium with steps on each side. In themiddle of the podium.

A cenotaphslab on the ground marks the actual grave below, "the onlyinstance of this practice" in the architecture of the Adil Shahi Dynasty. Inthe middle of the west side, "a large half-octagonal bay" protrudesout.[1]With an area of 1,700 m2(18,000 sq ft),[2]the mausoleum has oneof the biggest single chamber spaces in the world.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenotaphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenotaphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Shahi_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenotaphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_Gumbazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome


14/18

SQUINCHES

WHISPERING GALLERY

ENTRANCE CARVINGS

DOME (EXTERIOR)


15/18


16/18

the Ibrahim Rauza, a mausoleum situated outside the city walls on the westernside. It is the tomb of the fifth king of the Adil Sahi dynasty, Ibrahim Adil Shah II(1580-1627). The rauza consists of two main buildings, a tomb and a mosque withcertain accessories all standing within a single square enclosure. It is the mostperfect creation of its kind.

The mausoleum is only 450 feet square, while the tomb building inside is only115 feet. The entire architecture for every part was carried out in a mostmeticulous manner. Two major buildings present within the enclosure of themausoleum having an oblong terrace 360 feet long by 150 feet wide, at theeastern end of which is the tomb and at the western end facing it is the mosque.The arched verandah of the building consists of a row of pillars, forming a doublearcade around the central chamber, providing a structural magnificationpreparing the spectator for the complete finesse of the interior scheme. The

outer wall surface of the tomb chamber is ornamented with carving. Each wall is spaced into an arcade of three shallow arches. These arches are

enclosed by borders and panels with a fine wharf at each angle of the buildingwhich provide the surface with graceful shapes which were filled in either witharabesques, repeating diapers, or traceries inscriptions.


17/18


18/18

Mihtar Mahall, which, was constructed in 1620 during the reign ofIbrahim Adil Shah II. This building was famous for the character of rauza.The exterior of this building is a wonderful conception; its facade consistsof two slender buttresses rising up into elegant turrets, while the windowhas a projected balcony on brackets and shaded by an expansive eave.

Among the other architectural elements present in the building are adoorway of pointed arches, with the arrangements of flat paneling,elaborations to the buttresses, as well as string-courses and moldings. Allthese are decorated wonderfully, exceptionally well rendered, and eachcontributing to the artistic appearance of the whole.

The Indo-Islamic architecture of Bijapur province is of a decidedly amblerorder, and has few significant features. It took the form of palaces andcivic buildings produced to the order of the various rulers, often in a styleof their own and also with the fusion of Islamic and Hindu culture.

Bijapur Provincial Architecture

Documents

Transcript of Bijapur Provincial Architecture