Chapter 13 Section 2Get book and Open to

page 518

Anticipatory Set

The Skeletal System

Big Idea

California StandardsScience Standard 7.5.C&H

Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide the structural framework for movement and compare joints in the body with structures used in machines and simple devices.

How the bones and joints of your body work together to

provide structure and movement.

InputSkeleton: The framework of your body

made up of all you bones.Vertebrae: The 26 small bones that make

up your backbone.Joint: Place in your body where two bones

come together.Ligaments: Strong connective tissues that

hold together your bones.

InputCartilage: The second type of connective

tissue that hold together joints. ( more flexible than bone)

Compact bone: Lies beneath the bones outer membrane (hard and dense but not solid.)

Spongy bone: inside the femur’s compact bone. (lots of small spaces within it. Like a sponge.

Osteoporosis- a condition in which the bones become weak and break easily.

Input Functions of the Skeletal System Just as a building could not stand without its

frame, you would collapse without your skeleton.

Your skeleton has FIVE MAJOR FUNCTIONS.1 It provides shape and support2 It enables you to move3 It protects your organs4 It produces blood cells5 It stores materials and other materials

until you need them.

Input Shape and Support Your skeleton determines the shape of your

body.The backbone, also called the vertebral or spinal

column, is the center of your skeleton. The backbone is comprised of 26 small bones

called VERTEBRA.The vertebral column is flexible and able to

bend.If the backbone were just one bone, you would

not be able to bend or twist.

Input Movement and ProtectionYour skeleton allows you to move.Muscles pull on the bones to make the body

move.The skeleton also protects many of the body’s

organs. Ex. Skull protects brain; Breastbone and ribs

protect your heart and lungs.

Input Production and storage of substances.

Some of your bones produce substances that your body needs.

Bones also store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

The bones will release these minerals in small amounts into the blood stream when the body needs them.

Input Joints of the Skeleton Joints allow bones to move in different ways.Your body has two kinds of joints.

1. Immovable Joints – Little or no movement. (EX the skull is held

together by immovable joints.)2. Movable Joints

Allow the body to make a wide range of movementBones in movable joints are held together by strong

tissues called ligaments. They are also held together by cartilage

Input Bones- Strong and LivingBones are complex living structures that

undergo growth and development.

Compact Bone – hard and dense, but not solid.

Spongy Bone– has many small spaces. It is light weight but strong

Input Bones-Strong and living•The spaces in many bones contain a soft connective tissue called bone MARROW.

•There are two types of MARROW – Red and Yellow.

•Red Marrow – produces most of the body’s blood cells.

•Yellow Marrow – stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve.

Input Bones Strength. the structure of bones makes it both strong and lightweight. Can absorb more force than concrete or granite without breaking.

Only 20% of an averages adults body weight.

Bones are hard because they contain minerals (phosphorus and calcium.)

Input Bones Growth.Bones are ALIVE!

They contain cells and tissues such as blood and nerves.

Form new bone tissue as you grow.

Tissue continues to form within your bones even after you are grown.

Input Bone Development

As an infant most of your skeleton was cartilage.

Over time, most of the cartilage was replaced by bone.

The replacement of cartilage by bone is usually complete by the time you stop growing.

Not all the body’s cartilage is replaced.

Finish the Front of Notes on your ownAcross Discipline: Language Arts (RC 2.2) Take detailed

notes on the following. Hinge Joint; Ball and Socket Joint; Pivot Joint; and Sliding Joint ( pg. 520-521) you must use your spatial intelligence and include diagrams.

Trends: Describe the trends that you can participate in to take care of their bones.

Question: Write 2 questions using your Blooms Taxonomy Card (analysis) and answer them.

Describe how your bones change as you get older.

Summary (Blooms): Retell in your own words what this section was about.

1) What is the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow?

Modeling

ANSWER The difference between red marrow and yellow marrow is that red marrow produces most of the body’s blood cells. Yellow marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve.

2) Why is your vertebrae made up of many tiny bones instead of fewer larger bones?

Modeling

ANSWER The vertebrae made up of many tiny bones because this allows you to be flexible and able to bend. If your backbone were just one bone, you would not be able to move.

3) Describe at least one way to keep your bones healthy.

Modeling

ANSWER One way to keep your bones healthy is to eat a well-balanced diet. Your diet must include plenty of phosphorus and calcium to keep your bones strong.

Answer # 1, 2, 3Guided Practice

Independent PracticeFinish # 4-7