Big data, why now?

1©MapR Technologies - Confidential

MapR: The Next Generation Big Data Platform


Big is the next big thing

Big data and Hadoop are exploding

Companies are being funded

Books are being written

Applications sprouting up everywhere

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Slow Motion Explosion

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Hadoop Explosion

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Why Now?

But Moore’s law has applied for a long time

Why is Hadoop exploding now?

Why not 10 years ago?

Why not 20?

56/1/2012


Size Matters, but …

If it were just availability of data then existing big companies would adopt big data technology first

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Size Matters, but …

If it were just availability of data then existing big companies would adopt big data technology first

They didn’t

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Or Maybe Cost

If it were just a net positive value then finance companies should adopt first because they have higher opportunity value / byte

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Or Maybe Cost

If it were just a net positive value then finance companies should adopt first because they have higher opportunity value / byte

They didn’t

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Backwards adoption

Under almost any threshold argument startups would not adopt big data technology first

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Backwards adoption

Under almost any threshold argument startups would not adopt big data technology first

They did

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Everywhere at Once?

Something very strange is happening

– Big data is being applied at many different scales

– At many value scales

– By large companies and small

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Everywhere at Once?

Something very strange is happening

– Big data is being applied at many different scales

– At many value scales

– By large companies and small

Why?

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More data is being produced more quickly

Data sizes are bigger than even a very large computer can hold

Cost to create and store continues to decrease

The Conventional Answer


Analytics Scaling Laws

Analytics scaling is all about the 80-20 rule

– Big gains for little initial effort

– Rapidly diminishing returns

The key to net value is how costs scale

– Old school – exponential scaling

– Big data – linear scaling, low constant

Cost/performance has changed radically

– IF you can use many commodity boxes


We knew that

We should have known that

We didn’t know that!

You’re kidding, people do that?


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Anybody with eyes

Intern with a spreadsheet

In-house analytics

Industry-wide data consortium

NSA, non-proliferation


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sharp peak well before maximum effort


But scaling laws are changing both slope and shape


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More than just a little


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They are changing a LOT!


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Initially, linear cost scaling actually makes things worse

A tipping point is reached and things change radically …


Pre-requisites for Tipping

To reach the tipping point,

Algorithms must scale out horizontally

– On commodity hardware

– That can and will fail

Data practice must change

– Denormalized is the new black

– Flexible data dictionaries are the rule

– Structured data becomes rare


But there is more

Especially for large enterprises


Physics of startup companies


For startups

History is always small

The future is huge

Must adopt new technology to survive

Compatibility is not as important

– In fact, incompatibility is assumed


Startup phase

Absolute growth still very large

Physics of large companies


For large businesses

Present state is always large

Relative growth is much smaller

Absolute growth rate can be very large

Must adopt new technology to survive

– Cautiously!

– But must integrate technology with legacy

Compatibility is crucial


The startup technology picture

Old computersand software

Current computersand software

Expected hardwareand software growth

No compatibility requirement


The large enterprise picture

Proof of concept Hadoop cluster

Long-term Hadoop cluster

Current hardwareand software

?

Must worktogether


So that is why and why now

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So that is why, and why now

What can you do with it?

And how?

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Scale-free Computing

Map-reduce

– pure functions for practical batch parallel computation

– high level languages like Hive and Pig available

– MapR provides standard access systems via NFS and ODBC

BSP

– pure functions for synchronous iterative actor-based compute

– Apache Giraph provides practical implementation

Actors

– tuple passing with transformations

– Storm provides practical implementation


Future Proof Schemas

Denormalize data where possible to avoid seeks

– use embedded lists

– duplicate data

Flexible Schemas

– use standard system for data serialization

– must provide protocol migration without versioning

– Protobufs (Google), Avro (Apache) and Thrift can all be used


Open Compute and Storage

Big data has mass and inertia

– once it lands, it should not move

Computation must move to the data

– map-reduce, Storm, Giraph … all OK

– conventional relational models … not OK

One model is not enough

– must allow access by multiple models of computation


More Information

Contact:

– [email protected]

– @ted_dunning

Slides and such:

– http://info.mapr.com/ted-paris-05-2012

mailto:[email protected]

http://info.mapr.com/ted-uk-2012-05








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Big data, why now?

Technology

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