Big Bang TheoryBig Bang Theory

An effort to explain what happened at An effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe.the very beginning of our universe.

According to the Big Bang Theory, According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe began about 15 billion the universe began about 15 billion years ago.years ago.

SingularitySingularity

The theorized beginning of the universe is called the “singularity”.

It was about the size of a dime; all particles of matter were contained in an unimaginably dense object.

Atoms could not form at first because of Atoms could not form at first because of the extreme heat.the extreme heat.

Formation of Elements Formation of Elements

Within the first minute, 98% of all matter in the universe was formed. It began cooling immediately.

• The first particles formed were quarks (make up protons and neutrons), electrons, photons, neutrinos.

• First elements formed were hydrogen, helium and deuterium (isotope of hydrogen).

Formation of ElementsFormation of Elements

Formation of heavier elements were found in supernovas.

Supernova’s occur when giant stars (much bigger than our sun) explode and immense energy is released (equal to a trillion hydrogen bombs detonating!)

Formation of Elements Formation of Elements

The 10 million degree Kelvin (equal to 17,999,500 F) temperatures were adequate to create heavier elements necessary for life (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous).

For a very short period of time (10 –30 sec) the universe doubled itself every 10 –34 second.

Law of GravityLaw of Gravity

This period of great expansion helped establish the law of gravity.

All objects have a gravitational force. The larger the object the greater the force (ex. the earth vs. your pen.)

This theory also helps explain how the force of gravity began to condense clumps of matter into objects that would eventually form stars and galaxies.

Big Bang TheoryBig Bang Theory

This theory also helps explain how the force of gravity began to condense clumps of matter into objects that would eventually form stars and galaxies.

The Big Bang Theory EvidenceThe Big Bang Theory Evidence

Cosmic Background Radiation moves Cosmic Background Radiation moves in front of our universe.in front of our universe.

When viewing the sky with a radio When viewing the sky with a radio telescope, the sky is not black, but telescope, the sky is not black, but has a faint glow (this is CBR)has a faint glow (this is CBR)

The color differences are variations in temperature.

Doppler EffectDoppler EffectDescribes the change in wavelength Describes the change in wavelength

of light or sound that occurs when an of light or sound that occurs when an object moves toward or away form object moves toward or away form you.you.

Doppler EffectDoppler Effect

Astronomers are only concerned with Astronomers are only concerned with the changes of light wavelengths, not the changes of light wavelengths, not sound.sound.

It tells us whether an object is moving It tells us whether an object is moving towards or away from Earthtowards or away from Earth

Large Doppler shifts indicate high Large Doppler shifts indicate high speedsspeeds

Red ShiftRed Shift

““Red Shift” means that an object in Red Shift” means that an object in space in moving away from Earthspace in moving away from Earth

The Red Shift of distant galaxies tell The Red Shift of distant galaxies tell us that the universe is expandingus that the universe is expanding

Red ShiftRed Shift

Greater red shifts in the color spectrum Greater red shifts in the color spectrum of distant galaxies indicate faster speedsof distant galaxies indicate faster speeds

Black HolesBlack Holes

A region of space resulting from the A region of space resulting from the collapse of a star; extremely high collapse of a star; extremely high gravitational field that not even light gravitational field that not even light can escapecan escape

If you fell into a black hole you would If you fell into a black hole you would eventually be stretched apart eventually be stretched apart (spaghetification)(spaghetification)