Big Bang, Black Holes, No...
Transcript of Big Bang, Black Holes, No...
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IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
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Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math
ASTR/PHYS 109Dr. David Toback
Lecture 5
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Prep For Today (is now due) – L5Send email if you need help/an extension. All this is in the lecture notes!!• Reading:
– BBBHNM Unit 1 (Chapter 1-4): Was due already – Recommended Reading (not required): BHOT: Chap. 1-3, SHU: Chap. 1-
2, TOE: Chap. 1• eCampus Stuff
– Warm-up Quizzes• (Warm-up Quizzes Parts 1, 2 and 3)• Won’t do Warm-up 4 until we get to Chapter 6
• Pre-Lecture Reading Questions:– (Unit 1 Quiz parts A & B)
• End-of-Chapter Quizzes:– End-of-chapter quizzes 1 and 2: Was due before class– Folder doesn’t open until you are done with Parts 1-3 of Warmup, EOC 2
doesn’t open up until you have 100% on EOC 1• Honors Section:
– “Stage 0 idea submitted”: Was due Monday
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IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
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Next Topic: Going Small• Finished looking at various things in the universe going from the sizes we know to the VERY big
• Next we do the very small• Why? If we want to understand the universe we need to know what’s in it and what its made of
• Then we can get to the “Why and how did it get to be the way it is?” 3
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Starting out with small things
10 centimeters, or 0.1 meters, or 10-1 meters.About 3 inches
A baseball is a size we know from everyday experience
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Getting smaller
Something smaller you can see with your eyes
0.01 meters, (10-2 m) or 1 cm, or about a 1/3 of an inch
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Much smallerA simple dust mite is barely visible with the naked eye
Into the realm of biology10-3 metersor 1 millimeter
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A human hair
Looking at the side view of a single hair
10-4 meters
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Closer still…A single red blood cell
10-5 meters
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Further still
An HIV virus which is one of the bigger known viruses
10-6 meters
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Small VirusA polio virus which is known to be one of the smaller viruses
10-7 meters
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The Double HelixA close up of the helical structure of DNA
Starting to get into Chemistry
10-8 meters
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An Atom
10-9 meters or 1 nanometer
10 million in a cm
•What we’re seeing is the electron “cloud” as it goes around the atom• Kinda like the blades of a fan
•The realm of Physics
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Inside an Atom
•Snapshot in time of 2 electrons “orbiting” the nucleus
•Atoms are “composite” things, not fundamental
10-10 meters
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The Central Part of the Atom• The electrons are outside our field of view
10-11 meters
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Homing in on The Nucleus• Still zooming into the center of the atom
• The atom is mostly empty space
10-12 meters
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The Structure of the NucleusCan just start to see the “stuff” inside the nucleus
The nucleus is not fundamental
10-13 meters
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Protons and Neutrons• A carbon atom has 6 protons (blue) and 6 neutrons (grey)
• VERY tightly packed
10-14 meters
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Inside the ProtonThree quarks inside the proton–Protons are composite
–Quarks are fundamental
10-15 meters
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Other Fundamental Particles?• Electrons and quarks (as far as we know) are fundamental
• Lots of other fundamental particles
• Recently discovered the Higgs Boson
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IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
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Prep For Next Time – L5Send email if you need help/an extension. All this is in the lecture notes!!• Reading:
– (BBBHNM Chapters 1-4)• Pre-Lecture Reading Questions:
– (Unit 1 Quiz parts A & B)• End-of-Chapter Quizzes:
– If we finished Chapter 3 then EOC 3• Honors Section:
– “Stage 0 Reading Selection Check”: Due Monday if you don’t already have Stage 0 approved
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Full Set of Readings So Far•Required: BBBHNM: Chap 1-4•Recommended:–BHOT: Chap. 1-3–SHU: Chap. 1-2–TOE: Chap. 1