IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 1999

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE APPLICATION OF PROBABILITY METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION

1992-1 996

R.N. Allan R. Billinton A.M. Breipohl C.H. Grigg Fellow Fellow Fellow Senior Member

Task Force Members of the IEEE Subcommittee on Reliability, Risk and Probability Applications

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a bibliography of papers on the subject of power system reliability evaluation. Papers in such areas as: probabilistic load flow, probabilistic production costing, probabilistic transient stability evaluation etc. have not been included except where they specifically address power system reliability evaluation.

It includes material which has become available since the publication of the five previous papers. "Bibliography on the Application of Probability Methods in Power System Reliability Evaluation", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-

1984, pp. 275-282; IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 3, No. 4, Nov. 1988, pp. 1555-1 564, and Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp. 41- 49.

91,1972, pp. 649-660; PAS-97,1978, pp. 2235-2242; PAS-103,

INTRODUCTION

Considerable activity has continued in the development and application of probabilistic techniques for power system reliability evaluation since the four previous bibliographies were published in 1972, 1978, 1984, 1988 and 1994. The Subcommittee on the Reliability, Risk and Probability Applications (RRPA), formerly Applications of Probability Methods (APM), has continued to maintain an updated bibliography and, in view of the interest expressed in this material, has decided to publish a further extension.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution and valuable comments of all members of the RRPA Subcommittee.

STATIC GENERATING CAPACITY RELIABILITY EVALUATION

1. "Incorporation of wind energy conversion systems in conventional generating capacity adequacy assessment"; R. Billinton, A.A. Chowdury. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp. 47-56.

2. "Uncertainty considerations in frequency and duration analysis for large hydrothermal generating systems"; A.M. Leite da Silva, J. Coelho, A.C.G. Melo. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp.277-299.

3. "Load modelling for generating capacity reliability evaluation using the frequency and duration method"; J. Nahman, M. Graovac. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp.529-535.

PE-201-PWRS-0-2-1998 A paper recommended and approved by the IEEE Power System Analysis, Computing and Economics Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. Manuscript submitted July 15, 1997: made available for printing January 20, 1998

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"Adequacy modelling of large windfarms in electric utility generation planning"; A.A. Chowdhury, R. Billinton. CEA Transactions, 1992.

"A frequency and duration approach for generation reliability evaluation using the method of stages"; J.O. Kim, C. Singh. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 1, Feb. 1993, pp. 207-21 5.

"Estimation of the derivatives of generation system reliability indices in Monte Carlo simulation"; M.M. Ahmad, A. Debs, Y. Wardi. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 4, NOV. 1993, pp. 1448-1 454.

"A new technique for generating capacity reliability evaluation"; C. Singh, J-0. Kim. Elect Power Systems Research,Vol. 23, No. 3, 1993, pp. 181-187.

"Reliability analysis of generating systems including intermittent sources": S. Fockens, A.J.M. van Wijk, W.C. Turkenburg, C. Singh. Int J of Elect Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1993, pp. 2-8.

"A generalized cumulant method for generating capacity reliability evaluation"; M.M. Alavi-Serashki, C. Singh. Elect Power Systems Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1993, pp. 1;4.

"A new index for generation capacity reliability studies, expected cost penalty"; S. Asgarpoor, C. Singh. Elect Power Systems Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1993, pp. 23-29.

"Reliability criteria selection for integrated resource planning"; D. Ruiu, R. Billinton, C. Ye, D. Lakhanpal. CEA Transactions, 1993.

"Photovoltaic generating facilities in generating capacity adequacy assessment"; R. Billinton, A.A. Chowdhury. CEA Transactions, 1993.

"Numerical methods for stable implementation of generating- unit deconvolution"; S. Fockens, G.L.G. Sleijpen, A.J.M. van Wijk, C. Singh. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 219-226.

"Adequacy evaluation of generating systems containing WECS using simulation techniques"; R. Billinton, X. Cao, R. Ghajar. CEA Transactions, 1994.

"A comparison of three fundamentally different methods for generating capacity reliability evaluation"; L. Goel, R. Billinton. Electric Power Systems Research Journal, Vol. 29, NO. 1, 1994, pp.1-8.

"Power system reliability"; R.N. Allan, R.Billinton. Journal of Power Generation Technology, 1994, pp. 71-76.

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"Application of energy based indices in generating system reliability analysis"; S . Fockens, A.J.M. van Wijk, W.C. Turkenburg. C. Singh. lnt J of Elect Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 16, Oct. 1994, pp. 311-319.

"A new and fast electric power generating system relaibility evaluation model using Petri nets"; H. Salehfar, R. Rodick. J of Reliability, Quality and Safety Eng, Vol. 1 , No. 4, 1994, pp. 459-473.

"Reserve capacity assessment in small isolated electric power generating systems"; R. Billinton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad. IEE Power Engineering Journal, I O , 1996, pp. 72-80.

"A sequential simulation technique for adequacy evaluation of generating systems including wind energy"; R. Billinton, H. Chen, R. Ghajar. IEEE Winter Power Meeting, Paper No. 96 W M 644-8.

"Generation availability of wind farms": F. Castro Sayas, R.N. Allan. IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 143, No. 5, Sept. 1996, pp. 507-51 8.

"Comparison of unit addition and fast Fourier transform methods for generation system relaibility evaluation"; C. Singh, N.V. Gubbala. Int J of Elect Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1996, pp. 203-205.

"A new method for reliability evaluation of generating systems"; H. Salehfar, R. Rodick. J of Electric Machines and Power Systems, Vol. 24, No. 8, 1996, pp. 817-831.

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8. "Monte Carlo simulation model for multiarea generation system reliability studies"; R. Billinton, L. Gan. Proc. IEE, 140 Part C, 1993, pp. 532-538.

9. "Reliability indices for electric-power wheeling"; N.A. Mijuskovic. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1994, 43, pp. 207- 209.

10. "A new mathematical approach to multi-area power system reliability evaluation"; R. Pathak, C. Singh. Microelectronics and Reliability, Vol. 35, No. 1 , 1995, pp. 73-80.

1 1 . " A new model for reliability evaluation of t w o coupled networks"; M.S. Deyab. Elect Machines and Power Systems, Vol. 23, NO. 3, 1995, pp. 303-317.

12. "Reliability evaluation of interconnected power systems using a multi-parameter gamma distribution"; C. Singh, G.M. Chintaluri. Int J of Elect Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 17, NO. 2, 1995, pp. 151-160.

13. "Reliability of t w o interconnected systems with jointly owned units"; Q. Ahsan. Int J of Elect Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 17, NO. 6, 1995, pp. 363-370.

14. "Incorporating the DC load f low model in the decomposition- simulation method of multi-area reliability evaluation"; J. Mitra, C. Singh. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 11, NO. 3, Aug. 1996, pp. 1245-1 254.

M ULTI-AREA RELIABILITY EVALUATION 15. "Composite reliability evaluation of interconnected power systems"; M.A.H. El-Sayed, H-J. Hinz. Elect Machines and

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"A Monte Carlo method for multi area generation system reliability assessment"; R. Billinton, L. Wenyuan. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 4, Nov. 1992, pp.1487- 1492.

"A transmission network model for multi-area reliability studies"; A.D. Patton, S.K. Sung. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, May 1993, pp. 459-465.

"A new approach to reliability evaluation of interconnected power systems including planned outages and frequency calculations"; 2. Deng, C. Singh. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 17, No. 2, May 1992, pp. 734-743.

"Incorporation and effects of different supporting policies in multi-area generation system reliability assessment"; W. Li, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp.1061-1067.

"A Monte Carlo technique for computing the benefits arising from the interconnection of power systems"; A. Cook, I. Rose. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp. 873-878.

"Convergence characteristics of t w o Monte Carlo models for reliability evaluation of interconnected power systems"; C. Singh, T.P. Chander, J. Feng. Elect Power Systems Research, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1993, pp. 1-9.

"Reliability evaluation of interconnected power systems including jointly owned generators"; C. Singh, N. Gubbala. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1 , Feb. 1994, pp.

Power Systems, Vol. 24, No. 6, 1996, pp. 609-622.

COMPOSITE GENERATION-TRANSMISSION RELIABILITY EVALUATION

1 . "A security based approach to composite power system reliability evaluation"; R. Billinton, E. Khan. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1 , Feb. 1992, pp. 65-71.

"A hybrid model for quantifying different operating states of composite power systems"; M.E. Khan, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1 , Feb. 1992, pp.

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3. "Sequential simulation applied to composite system reliability evaluation"; J.R. Ubeda and R. N. Allan. IEE Proc., Part C, Vol. 139, No. 2, March 1992, pp. 81-86.

4. "Integrated treatment of adequacy and security in bulk power system reliability evaluations"; A.M. Leite da Silva, J. Endrenyi, L. Wang. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 3, No. 1 , March 1993, pp. 275-285.

5. "Reliability assessment of composite hydro thermal generation and trahsmission systems"; J. Roman, R.N. Allan. 92 W M 144-6-PWRS.

6. "A conditional probability approach to the calculation of frequency & duration indices in composite reliability evaluation"; A. C. G. Melo, M. V. F. Pereira, A. M. Leite da Silva, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp. 1 1 18-1 125.

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"Consideration of multi-state generating unit models in composite system adequacy assessment using Monte Carlo simulation"; R. Billinton, L. Wenyuan. Canadian Journal Elect. and Comp. Engin., Vol. 17, No. 1, January 1992, pp. 24-28.

"A system state transition sampling method for composite system reliability evaluation"; R. Billinton, W. Li. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp.761-770.

"Effects of non-utility generators on composite system adequacy evaluation"; R. Billinton, F. Gbeddy. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp.771-777.

"Reliability evaluation using a composite system operating state risk index"; R. Billinton, G. Lian. CEA Transactions, 1993.

"Bulk system delivery point performance reporting at Alberta Power Limited"; A.A. Chowdhury, C.F. Fuchshuber, R. Billinton. CEA Transactions, 1993.

"Bulk power system reliability criteria and indices trends and future needs"; IEEE Committee Report, Chairman R.J. Ringlee. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp.181-190.

"Effect of protection systems on bulk power reliability evaluation"; IEEE Task Force Report, Chairman S.H. Shahidehpour. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp.198-205.

"Sequential simulation applied to composite system reliability evaluation"; J.R.Ubeda, R.N.Allan. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp.81-86.

"Incorporation of a DC link, in a composite system adequacy assessment - DC system modelling"; R. Billinton, D.S. Ahluwalia. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp.211-220.

"incorporation of a DC link in a composite system adequacy assessment - composite system analysis"; R. Billinton, D.S. Ahluwalia. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp.221-226.

"Power system reliability analysis, Vol. 2 composite power system reliability evaluation"; CIGRE Task Force 30.03.1 0, ClGRE Publications, 1992.

18. "Composite power system health analysis using a security constrained adequacy evaluation procedure"; R. Billinton, G. Lian. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 2, May 1994, pp. 936-941.

19. "Review of adequacy standards for generation and transmission planning"; Ad-hoc Group 37.02, Electra (CIGRE), NO. 150, 1993, pp. 67-85.

20. "Loadability in composite generation/transmission power- system reliability evaluation"; T.A.M. Sharaf, G.J. Berg. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1993, 42, pp. 393-400.

21. "Adequacy assessment of composite power systems with HVDC links using Monte Carlo simulation"; R. Billinton, A. Ssnkarakrishnsn. IEEE Trsno. on Power System-, Vel. 0 , No.

3, Aug. 1994, pp.1626-1633.

22. "Conceptual framework for evaluation and interpretation of the reliability of the composite power system"; B. Porretta, E.G. Neudorf. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 1094-1103.

23. "Topological reduction considering uncertainties"; R.N.F. Filho, M.T. Schilling, J.W.R. Pereira, J.C.O. Mello. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 739-744.

24. "Consideration of dependent outages in security-constrained adequacy evaluation of composite systems"; R. Billinton, G. Lian. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 47-52.

25. "Reliability assessment of composite hydrothermal generation and transmission systems using sequential simulation"; J.R. Ubeda, R.N. Allan. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 257-262.

26. "Predictiveassessmentofbulk-system-reliabilityperformance indices"; R. Billinton, J. Satish. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 466-472.

27. "Models and considerations for parallel implementation of Monte Carlo simulation methods for power system reliability evaluation"; N. Gubbala, C. Singh. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 779-787,

28. "Bulk power system reliability performance assessment"; C.C. Fong, C.H. Grigg. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 25-31.

29. "Reliability assessment of hydro-thermal composite systems b y means of stochastic simulation techniques"; J. RomBn, R.N. Allan. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 33-47.

30. "New trends in power system planning and related effect on the reliability evaluation"; 0. Bertoldi, A. Rivoiro, Luigi Salvaderi. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 49-61.

31. "Inclusion of weather effects in composite system reliability evaluation using sequential simulation": M.R. Bhuiyan, R.N. Allan. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 575-584.

32. "Sequential Monte Carlo simulation for composite power system reliability analysis with time varying loads"; A. Sankarakrishnan, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. I O , No. 3, Aug. 1995, pp. 1540-1 545.

33. "Effective techniques for reliability worth assessment in composite power system network using Monte Carlo simulation"; A. Sankarakrishnan, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 1 1, No. 3, Aug. 1996, pp. 1255-1 261.

34. "Reporting bulk power system delivery point reliability"; IEEE Task Force. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 1 1, No. 3, Aug. 1996, pp. 1262-1 268.

35. "Security evaluation of composite power systems"; R. Billinton, S. Aboreshaid. Proc, IEE, 142 Part C, Sept. 1995, pp. 51 1-516.

36. "Topological analysis in bulk power system reliability evaluation"; J. Satish, R. Billinton, 9 6 W M 31 3-7-PWRS.

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"Integration of non-utility generating facilities into the reliability assessment of composite generation and transmission power systems"; E.N. Dialynas, N.C. Koskolos, D.J. Papakammenos, 96 W M 314-5-PWRS.

"Composite system reliability evaluation using state space"; C.Singh, J. Mitra, 9 6 W M 31 5-2-PWRS.

"The effects of voltage collapse problems in the reliability evaluation of composite systems": A.C.G. Melo, J.C.O. Mello, S. Granville, 9 6 W M 31 6-0-PWRS.

"The IEEE reliability test system - 1996"; IEEE Reliability Test System Task Force, 96 W M 326-9-PWRS.

"Impact on power wheeling on composite system adequacy evaluation"; R. Billinton, F. Gbeddy. Journal of Electric Power And Energy System, Vol. 18, No. 3, March 1996, pp. 143-1 51.

"Enhanced adequacy equivalent for composite power system reliability evaluation"; R. Billinton, W. Zhang. IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib, Vol. 143, No. 5, Sept. 1996, pp. 420-426.

OPERATING RESERVE RELIABILITY EVALUATION

1. " A Gauss-Markov load model for application in risk evaluation production simulation"; A.M. Breipohl, F.N. Lee, D. Zhai, R. Adapa. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 7 , NO. 4, NOV. 1992, pp. 1493-1499.

2. "Energy method of spinning reserve assessment in interconnected generation systems"; N. Chowdhury. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp. 865-872.

3. "Basic concepts in probabilistic assessment of operating reserve in interconnected generating systems"; N. Chowdhury, R. Billinton. CEA Transactions, 1992.

"The effect of load uncertainty on unit commitment risk"; D. Zhai, A.M. Breipohl, F.N. Lee, R. Adapa. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp. 510-517.

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5. "Operating reserve risk assessment in composite power systems"; G. Lian, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 3, Aug. 1994, pp.1270-1276.

"Probabilistic assessment of spinning reserve in isolated and interconnected generation systems"; N. Chowdhury. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 83- 91.

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7. "A basic framework for generating system operation health analysis"; R. Billinton, M, Fotuhi-Firuzabad, I R E Trans. on Power Systems, Val. 9, NO 3, AUQ. 1994, pp. 1 6 1 0 - 1 617.

8. "Generating unit commitment in composite generation and transmission systems"; M.E. Khan, R. Billinton. Proc. IEE, 140 Part C, Sept. 1993, pp. 404-41 0.

9. "Generating system operating health analysis considering standby units, interruptible load and postponable outages"; R. Billinton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 3, Aug. 1994, 161 8-1 625.

IO. "Composite system spinning reserve assessment in interconnected systems"; M.E. Khan, R. Billinton. Proc. IEE, 142 Part C, May 1995, pp. 305-309.

1 1. "Unit commitment health analysis for interconnected systems"; R. Billinton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, S. Aboreshaid, 9 6 S M 500-9-PWRS.

12. "Spinning reserve allocation using response health analysis"; M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, R. Billinton, S . Aboreshaid. IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 143, No. 4, July 1996, pp. 337-343.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION

1 . "Multiple contingency selection for transmission reliability and transfer capability studies"; R.A. Schlueter, A. Costi, J. Sekerke, K. Burnett. Elect Machines and Power Systems, Vol. 20. no. 3, 1992, pp. 223-237.

"Improved distribution system reliability at Northeast Utilities: A Case Study": D.A. Walder, J.G. Tine. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 1993, pp. 689-696.

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3. "Improved distribution system reliabilityat Northeast Utilities: a case history"; J.G. Tine, D.A. Walder. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol. 8 , No. 2, 1993, pp. 689-696.

4. "Transmission station reliability evaluation"; T.K.P. Medicherla, M.Chau, R.E. Zigmund, K. Chan. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp. 295-304.

"Monte Carlo approach to substation reliability evaluation"; R.Billinton, G.Lian. Proc. IEE, 194 Part C, March 1993, pp.

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6. "Method for reliability analysis of industrial distribution systems"; M.H.J. Bollen. Proc. IEE, 140 Part C , 1993, pp. 497-502.

7. "Station reliability evaluation using a Monte Carlo approach"; R. Billinton, G. Lian. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 8 , NO. 3, July 1993, pp.1239-I 249.

8 . "Substation reliability evaluation: a specific tool for designers"; E. Bourgade, T. Desmas. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 63-73.

"Progress towards integration of reliability concepts in a segregated electric utility system"; R Simpson. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 109-1 12.

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10. "Shunt capacitor effect on electrical distribution system reliability"; A.A. Sallam, M. Desouky, H. Desouky. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1994, 43, pp. 170-176.

11. "Monte Carlo simulation applied to distribution feeder reliability evaluation"; L. Goel, R. Billinton. Electric Power System Research Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3, 1994, pp. 193- 202.

12. "Reliability modeling and evaluation of HVDC power transmission systems"; E.N. Dialynas, N.C. Koskolos. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1994, pp. 872-878.

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"Application of transmission reliability assessment in probabilistic planning of B.C. Hydro Vancouver South Metro System"; W. Li, Y. Mansour, J.K. Korozynski, B.J. Mills. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 964-970.

"Evaluation of reliability indices and outage costs in distribution systems"; R.N. Allan, M. G. De Silva. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 1, Feb. 1995, pp. 41 3-41 9.

"Minimum cost analysis of station configurations"; J. Satish, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 4, October 1995, pp. 1799-1 805.

"Evaluating the availability of electrical substations: A Dynamic Methodology"; E. Bourgade, P. Jourda, R.N. Allan, 96 W M 007-5-PWRD.

"Reliability evaluation of distribution systems with non- exponential down times"; s. Asgarpoor, M.J. Mathine, 96 W M 325-1-PWRS.

"Distribution system reliability assessment: momentary interruptions and storms"; R.E. Brown, S. Gupta, R.D. Christie, S.S. Venkata, 96 SM 419-2-PWRD.

"Development of reliability targets for planning transmission facilities using probabilistic techniques - a utility approach"; S.K. Agarwal, GW.V. Torre, 96 SM 481-2-PWRS.

EQUIPMENT OUTAGE DATA

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"Current industry practices in bulk transmission outage data collection and analysis"; R.O. Gunderson, M.P. Bhavaraju, R. Billinton, D. Klempel, M.A. Klopp, M.G. Lauby, R.P. Ludorf, M.F. McCoy, T.C. Mielnik, A.W. Schneider, E.P.Weber, T.S. White. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, Feb. 1992, pp. 158-1 66.

"An IEEE survey of US and Canadian overhead transmission outages at 230 kV and above"; R.B. Adler (Chairman) IEEE Working Group. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 1994, pp. 21-39.

"Update on the disturbance performance of bulk electricity systems"; B.K. LeReverend, R.P.Towstego, CIGRE Working Group 39.05, Electra, No.143, August 1992, pp.87-100.

"Sensitivity analysis of reliability indices with respect to equipment failure and repair rates"; A.C.G. Melo, M.V.F. Pereira. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 1014-1021.

"Pooling generating unit data for improved estimates of performance indices"; IEEE Committee Report, Chairman A.M. Breipohl. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 4, NOV. 1995, pp. 1912-1917.

"Update on the disturbance performance of bulk electricity systems"; B.K. LeReverend, R.P. Towstego, Electra (CIGRE), NO. 143, pp. 87-100.

RELIABILITY COSTNVORTH ANALYSIS

1. "NSERC customer cost of interruption study - preliminary

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results"; G. Tollefson, G. Wacker, R. Billinton, E. Chan, J. Aweya. CEA Transactions, 1992.

"Electric service reliability worth evaluation in power systems"; R. Billinton, L. Goel. CEA Transactions, 1992.

"Utilization of interrupted energy assessment rates to evaluate reliability worth in electric power systems"; L. Goel, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug. 1993, pp.929-939.

"A Canadian customer survey to assess power system reliability worth"; G. Tollefson, R. Billinton, G. Wacker, E. Chan, J. Aweya. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp.443-450.

"Evaluation of reliability worth in composite systems based pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation"; J.C.O. Mello, M.V.F. Pereira, A.M. Leite Da Silva. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 3, Aug. 1994, pp. 1318-1326.

"Customer requirements for electric service reliability: An NSERC study"; R. Billinton, G. Wacker, G. Tollefson, J. Aweya, E. Chan. CEA Transactions, 1993.

"Understanding industrial losses resulting from electric service interruptions"; R.K. Subramaniam, R. Billinton, G. Wacker. IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, Vol. 29, No. 1, JanuarylFebruary 1993, pp. 238-244.

"Customer costs associated with electrical supply failures"; R. Billinton, G. Wacker, G. Tollefson. CEA Transactions, 1993.

"A minimum cost assessment method for composite generation and transmission system expansion planning"; W. Li, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, May 1993, pp. 628-635.

"Understanding commercial losses resulting from electric services interruptions"; R.K. Subramaniam, R. Billinton, G. Wacker. IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, Vol. 29, No. 1, JanuarylFebruary 1993, 233-237.

"Comparison of alternative techniques for evaluating the marginal outage costs of generating systems", R. Ghajar, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 4, Nov. 1993, pp. 1550-1 556.

"Assessment of electric service reliability worth"; R. Billinton, G. Tollefson, G. Wacker. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 15, No. 2, April 1993, pp. 95-100.

"Determination of reliability worth for distribution system planning"; L. Goel, R Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 9, No. 3, July 1994, pp. 1577-1 583.

"Uncertainty considerations in the pool purchase price in the England and Wales electricity supply industry"; R.N. Allan, H. Navarro Sanchez. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 125-1 32.

"Electricity restriction costs"; A.G. Massaud, M.Th. Schilling, J.P. Hernandez. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 299-304.

"Prediction of customer load point service reliability worth

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estimates in an electric power system"; L. Goel, R. Billinton. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, 1994, pp. 390-396.

"Evaluation of reliability worth in an electric power system"; R. Billinton. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 15-23.

"Electric power system customer interruption cost assessment"; C;. Wacker, G. Tollefson. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 75-81.

"Utilisation of quantitative reliability concepts in evaluating the marginal outage costs of electric generating systems"; R. Ghajar, R. Billinton. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 93-100.

"Evaluation of marginal outage costs of generating systems for the purposes of spot pricing"; R. Billinton, R. Ghajar. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1994, pp. 68-75.

"Evaluation of the marginal outage costs in composite generation and transmission systems"; R. G hajar, R. Billinton. Electric Power System Research Journal, Vol. 31, No. 2, 1994, pp. 79-86.

"Effects of adverse weather conditions and higher order outages on customer interruption costs in electric subtransmission systems"; L. Goel. R. Billinton, R. Gupta. Electric Power Systems Research Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1994, pp. 195-202.

"Probabilitydistribution approach to describe customer costs due to electric supply interruptions"; R. Billinton, E. Chan, G . Wacker. Proc. IEE, 141 Part C, Nov. 1994, pp. 594-598.

"Value based distribution reliability assessment and planning"; R.L. Chen, K. Allen, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. IO, No. 1, Jan. 1995, pp. 421-429.

"Evaluation of the marginal outage costs in interconnected and composite power systems"; R. Ghajar, R. Billinton. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 753-7 59.

"Cost-benefit analysis of power system reliability: two utility cases"; E.G. Neudorf, D.L. Kiguel, G.A. Hamoud, B. Porretta, W.M. Stephenson, R.W. Sparks, D.M. Logan, M.P. Bhavaraju, R. Billinton, D.L. Garrison. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 3, Aug. 1995, pp. 1667-1 675.

"Value-based reliability transmission planning"; J.G. Dalton, D.L. Garrison, C.M. Fallon. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 11, Nc. 3, Aug. 1996, pp. 1400-1408.

"Interruption costs, customer satisfaction and expectations for service reliability"; M. Sullivan, T. Vardell, N. Suddeth, A. Vojdani. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 11, No. 2, May 1996, pp. 989-995.

"Distributed nature of residential customer outage costs"; R. Ghajar, R. Billinton, E. Chan. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 11, NO. 3, Aug. 1996, pp. 1236-1 244.

"Assessment of customer outage costs due to electric service interruptions: residential sector"; K.K. Kariuki, R.N.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

Allan. Proc. IEE, 143 Part C, March 1996, pp. 163-170.

"Evaluation of reliability worth and value of lost load"; K.K. Kariuki, R.N. Allan. Proc. IEE, 143 Part C, March 1996, pp. 171-1 80.

"Application of customer outage costs in system planning, design and operation"; K.K. Kariuki, R.N. Allan. Proc. IEE - Gener. Transm. Distrib., 1996, 143Part C, pp. 305-31 2.

"Balancing cost and reliability: a quantitative study at Atlantic Electric"; V. Udo, S.K. Agarwal, A. Vojdani, M.I. Harlacher. IEEE Paper, 96 SM 473-9 PWRS.

"Adequacy and reliability cost/worth implications of non utility generation"; R. Billinton, S. Adzanu. IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 143, No. 1, Jan. 1996, pp. 115-122.

"Impacts of demand side management on reliability costheliability worth analysis"; R. Billinton, D. Lakhanpal. IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996, pp. 225-231.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

"Reliability differentiated real time pricing of electricity"; S.N. Siddiqui, M.L. Baughman. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, May 1993, pp. 548-554.

"Effect of HVDC component enhancement on the overall system reliability performance"; S. Kuruganry. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 1994, pp. 343-351.

"Overall adequacy assessment of an electric power system"; R. Billinton, L. Goel. Proc. IEE, 139 Part C, 1992, pp.57-63.

"Probabilistic methods applied to electric power systems - are they worth it"; R.N. Allan, R. Billinton. IEE Power Engineering Journal, 6, May 1992, pp.121-129.

"Power system reliability and its assessment. Part 1, Background and generating capacity"; R.N.Allan, R.Billinton. IEE Power Engineering Journal, 6, July 1992, pp.191-198.

"Power system reliability and its assessment. Part 2, Composite generation and transmission systems"; R.N.Allan, R.Billinton. IEE Power Engineering Journal, 6, Nov. 1992, pp. 29 1-297.

"Power system reliability and its assessment. Part 3, Distribution systems and economic considerations"; R.N. Allan, R. Billinton. IEE Power Engineering Journal, 7, Aug. 1993, pp. 185-192.

"Power system reliability assessment - a conceptual and historical review"; R.N. Allan. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994, pp. 3-1 3.

"Hierarchical power system reliability evaluation using the Canadian Electrical Association data base"; R. Billinton, J. Satish, R. Ghajar. CEA Transactions, 1994.

"A system state transition sampling technique for reliability evaluation"; R. Billinton, A. Sankarakrishnan. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 44, No. 2, 1994, pp. 131-134.

57

1 1. "Pertinent factors in the adequacy evaluation of an overall electric power system"; L. Goel, R. Billinton. Proc. IEE, 142 Part C, July 1995, pp. 337-342.

12. "Experience with application of reliability and value of service analysis in system planning"; A.F. Vojani, R.D. Williams, W. Gambel, W. Li, L. Eng, B.N. Suddeth. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 11, No. 3, Aug. 1996, pp. 1489-1496.

13. "Modelling multistate problems in sequential simulation of power system reliability studies"; M.R. Bhuiyan, R.N. Allan. Proc. IEE, 1995, 142 Part C, pp. 343-349.

14. "An integrated approach to power system reliability assessment"; M. Th. Schilling, M.B. DoCoutto Filho, A.M. Leite da Silva, R. Billiinton, R.N. Allan. Journal of Electric Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 17, No. 6, Dec. 1995, pp. 381-390.

15. "A new reliability for redundant protective systems - Markov models"; P.M. Anderson, R.F. Ghajar, G.M. Chintaluri, S.M. Magbuhat, 9 6 W M 324-4-PWRS.

16. "Effect of rotational load shedding on overall power system adequacy indices"; R. Billinton, J. Satish. Proc. IEE, 143 Part C, March 1996, pp. 181-187.

17. "Well-being analysis for HVDC transmission systems"; R. Billinton, S. Aboreshaid, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad. IEEE Paper, 9 6 SM 559-5 PWRS.

BIOGRAPHIES

Ron Allan is Professor of Electrical Energy Systems at UMIST, Manchester, England. He is a Chartered Engineer in the UK.

Roy Billinton is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Associate Dean, Graduate Studies, Research and Extension, College of Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the Province of Saskatchewan.

Art Breipohl is the Oklahoma Gas & Electric Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the States of Oklahoma & Kansas.

Cliff Grigg is Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the Province of Ontario.

CONCLUSIONS

In compiling any bibliography of related publications, it is not possible to make it absolutely complete. The RRPA Subcommittee would like to apologize for any errors or omissions and hope that additional references will be advanced as discussion to this publication.

18. "A test system for teaching overall power system reliability assessment"; R. Billinton, S. Jonnavithula. IEEE Winter Power Meeting, Paper No. 9 6 W M 056-2.