Bibliography Graeco-Roman Egypt a. Papyri 1927-1928

7/28/2019 Bibliography Graeco-Roman Egypt a. Papyri 1927-1928

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Egypt Exploration Society

Bibliography: Graeco-Roman Egypt A. Papyri (1927-1928)Source: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (May, 1929), pp. 110-136Published by: Egypt Exploration SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3854024

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110 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPTA. PAPYRI (1927-1928)[The work on this bibliographyhas been divided as follows: ? 1, H. J. M. MILNE,British Museum;? 2, A. D. NOCK, lare College,Cambridge; ? 3, H. I. BELL,British Museum; ?? 4 and 5, PtolemaicandByzantine periods,J. G. MILNE,0 Bardwell Road, Oxford; Byzantine and Arab periods,N. H. BAYNES,Fitzwalters, Northwood, Middlesex; ? 6, F. DEZULUETA,7 Norham Road, Oxford; ? 7, Miss M. E.DICKER, 16 Elsham Road, London, W. 14; ? 8, R. MCKENZIE,t John's College,Oxford; ?? 9 and 10,H. I. BELL. The readingof the necessary periodicalsis divided betweenthe various contributors.In general, articles in such publications as PAULY-WISSOWA-KROLLre not noticed; and for the mostpart reviews are includedonly if they coiltributesomething to the subject concernedor express a reasonedcriticism of the work undernotice.One of the contributors has suggestedthat it may be of service both to the writers (in the interests ofuniformity in usage) and to readers to specify the less obvious abbreviationlsused in citing periodicals.The principal ones are: Am. Hist. Rev. =American Historical Review; A.J.A.=American Journal ofArchaeology; Am. Journ. Phil.= American Journal of Philology; Anc. Egypt=Ancient Egypt; ArchivArchivfiir Papyrusforschung;Arch. . Rel.=Archiv fir Religionswissenschaft;Boll. Fil. Class.= Bollet-tino di filologia classica; Bull. Bibl. et Ped.= Bulletin bibliographiqueet pldagogique du Museebelge;Bull. Soc. Arch. d'Alex. =Bulletin de la Societe'Royale d'Archologie d'Alexandrie; B.Z.=ByzantinischeZeitschrift; C.-B. Ac. Inscr. et B.-L.= Comptes-Rendus e l'Academiedes Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres;Cl. Phil. = Classical Philology; Cl. Quart. -Classical Quarterly; Cl. Rev.=Classical Review; Cl. Weekly=Classical Weekly; D. Lit.-Z.=Deutsche Literaturzeitung; G.G.A.= GottingischeGelehrte Anzeigen;Hist. Z.= HistorischeZeitschrift;J.H.S. =Journal of HellenicStudies; J.R.S.= Journal of RomanStudies;

Journal=Journal of Egyptian Archaeology;Journ. Sa'v.=Journal des Savants; O.L.Z.=OrientalistischeLitteratur-Zeitung; Phil. Woch. Philologische Wochenschrift;Rech. sc. relig.= Recherchesde sciencereligieuse; Rev. Arch.=Revue archeologique; Rev. belge=Revue belge de philologie et dchistoire; Rev.de Phil.=Revue de philologie; Rev. d'hist. eccl.=Revue d'histoireeccldsiastique;Rev. et. anc.=Revue desetudesanciennes; Rev.et. gr.= Reviuedes etudesgrecques;Rev. hist. dr. fr. et etr.= Revue de l'histoiredudroit franfais et etranger Rhein. Muts.Rheinisches Museum iiurPhilologie; Riv. di Fil.=Rivista difilologia classica; Sitz.-Ber....=Sitzungsberichte...; Symnb.Oslo.=Symbolae Osloenses; Theol. Lit.-Z.=TheoloqischeLiteraturzeitung Z.f. Kirchengesch. Zeitschrift iir KirchengeschichteZ.f. Numism.=Zeit-schrift iir Numismatik; Z. neut. Wiss. Zeitschrift ur neutestamentlicheWissenschaft;Z. Sav.-Stift.=Zeit-schrift der Savigny-Stiftung. H. I. B.]

1. LITERARY TEXTS.General. Study of P. Oxy. xvii has naturally been prominent in last year's activities. The newCallimachuscomes in for most attention, and the results must be sought in this section underElegiac.Moregeneralreviews will be found in The TimesLit. Suppl., 15 Mar. 1928, 156; in Biblyografya(Polish),1928, 305-9, by MANTEUfUtFL; in Cl. Rev., XLII, 131-3, by C. M. BOWRA,who reviews it along with

MILNE'S Cat. of Literary Papyri in the Britih Museum.This latter work is reviewed also by SCHUBARTn Gnomon,IV, 395-402, who makes importantsuggestions for nos. 51, 52, 226, 227. No. 52 (the new Mime) is elaboratelyannotated,especially from ametrical standpoint, with reference to similar lyrics, both from papyri and inscriptions, by CRONERTnPhilologus, LXXXIV,57-70. He appends also suggestions on the Phaethon lament (no. 51). E. WUST,ibid., 153-7, gives an erroneousarrangementof no. 52. Other reviews or notices are by M. HOMBERTnRev.Belge, 1928, 1051-2; M.CROISETn Journ.Sav., 1928,297-8; W. MORELn Phil. Woch.,1929,132-7,with restorations; J. SYKUTRISn D. Lit.-Z., 1928, 1507-9, who identifies the hymns, nos. 237, 244, andregards no. 138 as a ,alpt'po-s 'rcFadov,like the work of Sopater, but important as being pre-Hermo-


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 111genic; B. A. VANGRONINGEN,ith emendations,in Museum,xxxvI, 89, 90; P. COLLARTn Rev.de Phil.,1928, 378. Note, in no. 193, 1. 46, xv should be ev. In no. 181, 3-5, Ajax, etc. looks like a shorthandtetrad, cf. Archiv,VIII, 46. Perhapsconnectedas being names of woe? TKupiocra from rKcopa ?Les Papyrus Bouriant is reviewed by A. D. NocK in Cl. Rev., XLII, 149; by SCHUBARTn Gnomon, IV,222-4; and by K. F. W. SCHMIDTn G.G.A., 1928, 145-82 (very important).A second series of New Chapters n GreekLiterature,by BARBERnd POWELL,as just appeared,buttoo late for more than mention at the moment.A note on Herculaneanpapyri is contributed by V. DE FALCOo Riv. Indo-Grec.-Ital.,XII,99-102,dealing with remains of umbilici in wood and compressedpapyrus,and of cornua.Epic. An important article by G. M. BOLLINGn Journal, XIv,78-81, discusses and restores the newPtolemaicfragmentsof II. xII, 128-263 (B.M. Lit. Pap. 251). He relates them to the "City" editions.In SymbolaeOsloenses, i, 55-6, G. RUDBERGedits a fragment (no. 387) with Od.IV,483-91, and ibid.,57-9, CR6NERTpublishes a fragmentof Sibylline Oracles. Both articles have plates.A fragment of 15 hexameters from a 4th-5th cent. vellum leaf is published in Bull. Soc. Arch.d'Alex.,VI, 294-5. Beg. avrTap oTr KX\VfVBov airrqvea [ . Restored by CRONERTn Riv. di Fil., VI, 507-8, as afragmentof the Hesiodic Catalogue.P. Oxy. xvII, 2075 is the subject of an article by T. W. ALLEN in Cl. Quart., xxII, 73-6, entitledOnomacritusand Hesiod. First Hesiodic text with critical signs. Lines 16-23 forged by Onomacritus.ALLENalso discusses the Ptolemaic Iliad above.In Cl. Quart.,xxIII, 29-30, ALLEN estores and discusses the prose argument to the Iliad in P. Brit.Mus. Lit. 6, cols. 21, 22.

Lyric. Remains, perhaps of 79 hexameters, of Erinna from a 1st cent. B.C.papyrus discovered atOxyrhynchus are published by G. VITELLIn Bull. Soc. Arch.d'Alex., no. 24, 9-16, from the lament ofErinna for Baucis-Frammenti della "Conocchia di Erinna. The poem was entitled TheSpindle.An article by G. COPPOLAn Atene e Roma, vIII, 193-217, gives an interesting account of Alcaeus withnumerous references to papyri. The ode 'QsXdyos KIaK.)Vs treated by Q. CATAUDELLA,bid., IX, 81-5.LOBEL'S lcaeus has several important reviews, viz.: C. M. BOWRAn Cl. Rev.,XLII,23-5; E. DIEHLin Phil. Woch.,1928, 753-7; H. FRANKELn G.G.A., 1928, 257-78 (along with LOBEL'Sappho andEDMONDS'Lyra Graeca); C. R. H. in J.H.S., XLVIII,101-2.The literature on Pindar (1903-27) and Bacchylides(since 1908) is brought together by L. BORNEMANNin Bursians Jahresbericht,1928, 131-86.W. E. J. KUIPER writes De Bacchylidis Carmine xviii, in Mnemosyne, LVI, 55-9. At 1. 15 reads Trvand puts the whole of this strophe into the mouth of the chorus. Reads r&Kalvov at 1. 9.Elegiac. The discussion of the new Callimachusis already extensive. Criticism centres round twochief points of the so-called prologue(P. Oxy. 2079), its date and its purpose. PFEIFFERn Hermes, LXIII,302-41, makes many important restorations,thinks it is a late poem (he entitles his article, Ein neuesAltersgedichtdes K.), and regardsit as an introduction to a late edition of the Avr&a.C. CESSI,writing inAegyptus, ix, 97-105, does not think it is late. VOGLIANOn Boll. Fil. Class., xxxIv, 201-11, takes it tobe the prologue to a collection of Elegies rather than to the A'na. P. MAAS n D. Lit.-Z., 1928, 128-31,makes similar speculations. Thinks perhaps the elegy is completeat the beginning. An important article

by ROSTAGNIn Riv. di Fil., VI (N.S.), 1-52, makes striking restorations and interpretations with theaid of B.M. Lit. Pap. 181. J. T. KAKRIDISn Phil. Woch,1928, 1214-15, makes several restorationsfromAnth. Pal., XI, 321, and HUNT in Cl. Rev., XLII,6, restores 1. 35: [avi' r]6 6' [iK]8Vo0pLTOpot. Q. CATAU-DELLAn Riv. di Fil., vI, 509-10, points out echoes of the new Callimachus n Gregoryof Nazianzus.The second new poem (P. Oxy. 2080) is the subject of an article by G. DE SANCTISn Atti Acc. ScienzeTorino,LXIII, 112-17, called Callimacoe Messina. He identifies Apiravov (1. 71) with Messina.A useful discovery is published by VITELLIn Bull. Soc. Arch. PAlex.,no. 24, 1-4, namely 2nd cent.scholia to the openinglines of the Iambi of Callimachus,making possible several restorations in P. Oxy.1011, 11.97-109. Found at Behneseh (Oxyrhynchus).An interesting interpretation of a well-known line in the Iambi is proposed by W. SCHMIDn Phil.Woch., 1928, 1598-9, reading 7radpearov &velv=" to twiddle the 4th (i.e. ring-)finger," of an idler. Anglice,"to kick one's heels."Minorrestorationsin Callimachusarepublishedby VITELLIn Bull. Soc. Arch. d'Alex., VI,301-2, wherehe sponsors Diel's proposal of dv' er(?)cos in P. Oxy. 1011. 39. Thinks 7reSo in the last line of the A1rtameans "prose."


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112 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)In 11 .arzocco, 3 Feb. 1929, VITELLInnounces the approachingpublication (in vol. ix of P.S.I.) of10 more or less complete lines and other fragments of the Coma Berenicescorrespondingto Catullus,45-64. Actually 20 lines, now published by VITELLIn Studi ital. di Fil. Class.,N.S., vn, 3-12.POWELLn Cl. Quart.,XXII,113, reads icepavo in B.M. Lit. Pap. 181. 40, comparingColl.Alexandrina,

p. 84, col. vi, 1. 9.Solon fragmentsfrom the 'AO. IoX.are emendedby K. ZIEGLERn Phil. Woch.,1928, 507-9.The Bud6Aesop s reviewedby W. G. WADDELLn Cl. Rev.,XLII, 40. It makes use of the Golenischevpapyrus.Fragments of a 2nd cent. monographon Gnomic literature are published by VITELLIn Bull. Soc.Arch.d'Alex., no. 24, 4-8. Hermippusis the latest author quoted.The meaningof pelX\Xiopos (poetic for cEXiXpoor)n Theocritus, x, 26-7, is explained by M. E. DICKERin Cl. Rev.,XLII,170, from the terminologyof personalidentificationin papyri.Drama. A. E. HOUSMANuggests restorationsfor P. Oxy. xvII, 2078, the Pirithous drama,in Cl. Rev.,XLII,9.In an appreciativereview of the Bude Euripides,vol. II, in Phil. Woch.,1928, 1329-34, W. MORELassome remarkson papyrus fragmentsof the plays.Y. TOBIAs as published for her doctoral thesis in Brussels an Jdition critique et commentee,ccom-pagnge d'unetraduction,de lHypsipyledPEuripide.In Rev.Belge, xxxii, 87-90, G. MAAUTISinds a quotation of Od.xiI, 432, in P.S.I. 724, and regardsthat papyrus as from a commentaryon the Tetucerf Sophocles. In P.S.I. 143, he thinks Agricultureispersonified,comparingAristophanes, fr. 294 (Kock).M. 0. GUERAUD,fter a fresh examinationof the Menandercodex, cautions in Bull. Instit. Fr. d'Arch.Orient., xxvII, 127-57, against too much confidence in new readings and restorations,with reference toJENSENnd others. Some remarksalso on the plot of the Perikeiromene.The Bude Herodas by NAIRNand LALOY as appeared. Severely reviewed by KNox in Cl. Rev.,XLIII,24-5. A few corrections have been published simultaneously by MAZONn Rev. de Phil., 1928,101-5, the most important being on Mime iv, 88-95.A. D. KNOXllustrates from Demosthenes the meaning of Herodas, II, 6-8, in Cl. Rev., XLII,163-5.Equates o'uarrovwith 6ojo6rroXtsnd translates, "If Kos be a land of cities united in one city." Alsodiscusses v, 67-8, and IV, 46, in Cl. Rev., XLIII, 8-10.A very ungentlemanlyHipponax fragment (15 lines, about two-thirds of each line) from Oxyrhynchusis publishedby COPPOLAn Riv. di Fil., 1928, 500-6.Grammar. LOBELolves a crux in ApolloniusDyscolus from P. Oxy. 2080, 1. 76, in Cl. Quart.,xxII,115-16. Read dXXJXAotLEXvrqoav.In B.M. Lit. Pap. 183, ascribedto Phrynichus,I now read, 11.38-9, [Ja-]rco,not [ov-]ro.fistory. A. H. SALONIUSdits Berl. Pap. 13236, a 2nd-3rd cent. fragmentof Thucydides, II, 65-82, inSoc. Scient. Fennica, Comm.Hum. Litt., II, 2, Helsingfors. Reviewed by S. P. WIDMANNn Phil. Woch.,1928, 945-7. In Symb.s081o.,vii, 92-3, S. P. THOMASrotests, with instances, against the overestimationof P. Oxy. 1376.On the other hand, in Cl. Quart., xxIII, 11-14, POWELLoints out coincidences between P. Oxy. 1376,696, etc., and the excellent MS., now vanished, used by the humanist Valla for his Latin translation ofThucydides in 1452. An importantarticle.G. DE SANCTISn an article Lacare,in Riv. di Fil., vI (N.S.), 53-77, attributes P. Oxy. 2082 to Eratos-thenes, 'OXvplrovimKat,ather than to Phlegon,as HUNTproposed.In Athenaeum(Pavia), VI, 125-56, G. PERROTTAiscusses P. Oxy. 1241 and the succession of theAlexandrianlibrarians.KALINKA'Sdition (Teubner) of the Hell. Oxyrhynchias reviewedby L. CASTIGLIONIn Gnomon, v,18-21; K. MtNSCHERn Phil. Woch.,1928, 913-18; Cl. Phil., xxIII, 202-3; CALDERINIn Aegyptus,VIII, 379.The new Teubner edition of the 'A0rlvaiovnIoXLreahas appeared,edited by OPPENHEIM.mportantreviewby A. W. GOMMEn Cl. Rev.,XLII,224-6.M. A. LEVIwrites on "Servio Tullio nel P. Oxy. 2088," n Riv. di Fil., vi, 511-15.Law. The new Gaius (P. Oxy. 2103) is the subject of an important article by ZULUETAn the LawQuarterlyRev.,Apr. 1928, 1-11.P. M. MEYERdentifies the "Letter of Severus Alexander" (P. Oxy. 2104) as Digest, XLIX,1, 25, in


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 113Studi in onoredi P. Bonfante,IT,341-4. Identifiedindependentlyin Archiv, x, 90, by WILCKEN,hogivesthe text.Music. In Riv. Indo-Grec.-ltal.,xI, 101-5, C. DELGRANDEelates, in parallel columns, P. Oxy. 667 tothe Elementaof Aristoxenus and the Isagoge of Cleonides.Orators. A new speech by Lysias, 'Yreip 'EpvLdaXovuXeivavros ev acret, from Oxyrhynchus is publishedby MILNE rom a 4th cent. Brit. Mus. Pap., no. 2852, in the present issue of the Journal. The openinglines and title are preserved,as well as a few line-ends from the extant oration no. i.In Rev.et.anc.,xxx, 189-200, G. COLIN ses a readingof JENSEN'Sn the ContraDemosth.of Hyperidesto provethat Lycurgus wasmade head of finance afterChaeronea, with the title of Trafias(i?ri t7?v 8toiKfKcr).J. KErI in Archiv, ix, 61, identifies P.S.I. 762, from a 4th cent. vellum codex, as part of Isocrates,Panegyricus,78-82. Notes an agreementwith Urbinas,anotherwith Vat. 65. The same identificationwasmadeby HEICHELHEIMn Hermes,LX,372,anda new transcript s givernn Bull. Soc.Arch.d'Alex., vi, 295-6.LAISTNER'Sditionof Isocrates,De Pace and Philippus, is noticed by P. COLLARTn Rev.de Phil., 1928,288. Improvementsintroducedfrom Brit. Mus. P. 132.A work De sermoneHyperidis,publishedat Lwowby D. GROMKA,xamineselaboratelythe non-literaryforms and usages of H., and the connection of his vocabularywith the colloquiallanguageof his day andwith the KoWv'(so I learn from J.H.S., XLVIII,82). A similar work,Die Sprache des RednersHypereidesin ihrenBeziehungen ur Koineby ULRICHOHLE,s reviewedby J. F. DOBsoNn Cl. Rev., XLIII, 1-2.Philosophy. A. VOGLIANOn Archiv,IX,1-4, recognises quotations from Epicurus in P. Herc. 168-EinneuesFragmentvon Epikur.A new work by VOGLIANO,uove lettere di Epicuro e dei suoi scolari (from P. Herc. 176), is reviewedwith many suggestions by R. PHILIPPSONn Gnomon, V,384-95, and by WILAMOWITZn D. Lit.-Z., 1928,1157-8.S. LURIAn Cl. Quart.,xxII, 176-8, gives furtherreadingsin P. Oxy. 414, and confirms the attributionto Antiphon.

2. RELIGION,MAGIC,ASTROLOGY.(Including Texts.)

General. J. LEIPOLDT,ie Religionen n der Umweltdes UrchristentumsLief. 9-11 of H. HAAS,Bilder-atlas zur Religionsgeschichte,p. xxii + 193, illustrations on 50 plates), is a convenient collection of muchrelevant archaeologicalmaterial; it is commendedby L. DEUBNER, nomon, v, 436-40 (corrections).Jahrbuchur Liturgiewissenschaft,iI, has again a good bibliography.O. WEINREICHas compiled a valuable index to volumes i-xxv of Arch.f. Rel. (issued with vol. xxv,Heft 3/4, 1927).E. FASCHER,IPOHTHE, is reviewedby M. DIBELIUSn Theol.Lit.-Z., 1928,509-10, as is E. PETERSON,EI2 eEO2, 542-4. The latter is reviewed also by J. COPPENS in Rev. d'hist. eccl., xxmII, 818-21.K. LATTE, ie Religion der ROmerund der Synkretismusder Kaiserzeit, s reviewed by FR. PFISTERin Phil. Woch., XLVIII,1559.

Many relevant texts are discussed in ?? 1 and 3.Ptolemaic. We may here mention Expedition Ernst von Sieglin, I, Malerei und Plastik, zweiterTeil,bearbeitet von CARLWATZINGER, 927 (containing inter alia no. 4, Ptolemy I as Pan, "probably post-humous,"with discussion of Pan'spopularity; pp. 18ff., pl. viii, a Ptolemy queen perhapsas Isis; p. 22, onreligious policy of Ptolemy IV; p. 62, nos. 47-53, Sarapis heads, with notes on this type and on the firstGreekrepresentationof Isis in Alexandria,a copy of the Kora of Bryaxis; p. 79, on Greek conception ofIsis-Kora and on various Isis types). This handsome work is full of instructive material. A propos ofWatzinger'sdiscussion of the Sarapis type I may remark that A. W. LAWRENCE,ater GreekSculpture(1927), 107, accepts Clement's statement that the Bryaxis in question was not the Athenian but hishomonym who made the Apollo of Daphne, and note L.'s observation (p. 85), one of the few classicalobjects importedinto India is a bronze Harpocratesof Graeco-Egyptianmanufacture.CH.PICARD,pollon Bes et les Galates (Bull. Mus. d'Art et daHist.de Geneve, , 52-63), known to mefrom Rev.et.anc., 1928,87, explains certain figuresof Bes with a Gaulishshield by a double allusion to thedefeat of the Gauls beforeDelphi in 278 and of the revolt against Philadelphusin 276.A Ptolemaic stele dedicatedto the lion god of Leontopolisis publishedby H. P. BLOK, ulletin van devereeniging ot bevordering er kennisvan de antiekebeschaving, I, ii, 10ff., known to me from Phil. Woch.,XLVIII,1317.


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114 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)U. WILCKEN,Archiv,xx, 75-80, discusses P.S.I. 1014-1025, important Ptolemaic texts from the Westside of Thebes throwinglight on the rp.ipat &yvevrTcKalnd the profitsderivedfrom these ceremonies n thetendance of the dead, under the protection of AphroditeHathor. SPIEGELBERGlso has written on thesetexts in his Demotica,Ii (Sitz.-Ber.Bay. Ak., 1928,2), 24-6. The same work ncludes(pp. 54-5) a discussion

of hereditarypriesthoodsin Ptolemaic Egypt.W. S. FERGUSON,The leading ideas of the new period (Camb.Anc. ist., vii, 1-40 and 869-70), is abrilliant survey of the significant movements in thought and belief of the early Hellenistic period,withvery goodremarkson deification(pp. 13ff.). In this connexion we may refer to W. W. TARN,TheHellenisticRuler-Cult and the Daemon(J.H.S., XLVIII,206-19), which substantially disposes of the idea that ruler-worship originates in a supposedPersian cult of the king'sfravashi (A. S. F. Gow, ibid., 134-6, explainsthe often quoted line of Aeschylus, rightly, I think), to U. WILcKEN'sobservation,Archiv, x, 73-4, on newevidence for the view that the Hellenistic form of ruler-worship n Egypt was something foreignto nativeEgyptians, and to A. D. NOCK, otes on Ruler-Cult,I-iv (J.H.S., xLvIII, 21-43), for Egypt as the home ofsome Dionysiac mythology, and for veos ALovva-os nd 'ErLqbavyS. See too the article of E. R. GOODENOUGHmentionedbelowin ? 4, Political History.E. BRIEM,Zur Frage nach dem Ursprungder hellenistischenMAysterienLunds UniversitetsArsskrift,N.F., Avd. 1, Bd. 24, Nr. 5, 1928, pp. 68), is a well-documented critical study of the Orientalsubstratumof the Hellenistic mystery religionsand the Greektransformationof that substratum. We may note hissuggestion,p. 51, that a small undecorated room in the Iseum at Pompeiiwas an Unterweltraum.BRIEMfaces on p. 63 the real problem: why did the Ptolemies choose Osiris-Apis rather than Osiris himself?His answer is that Osiris was too closely boundup with the old Egyptian culture. It may be addedthatthe priesthoodof a cult given new meaning and prominencecould be expected to give moreenthusiasticsupport to the dynasty than the priests of Osiris wouldprovide.R. REITZENSTEIN,HellenistischeMysterienreligionen,s reviewed by K. H. E. DE JONG in Museum,xxxv, 305-7.REITZENSTEIN-SCHAEDER,tudien zum antiken Synkretismus, s reviewed by M. DIBELIUS in Theol.Lit.-Z., LIII, 1928, 195-8.E. BROGELMANN, ellenistische MJysterienreligionen, is reviewed by K. PREISENDANZn O.L.Z., xxxi,184-6.M. ZEPF, Der Gott Aiwv in der hellenistischenTheologie (Arch.f. Rel., xxv, 225-44), discusses andemphasises the Aristotelian and Stoic components of this puzzling figuire nd the relationsof GreekandOrientalconceptsof Time.W. SPIEGELBERG,n his DemotischeBeitrage(Archiv,Ix, 56-60), discusses the title "priest of the deadApis children" in Demotic texts from the Serapeumof Memphis (its holderswere concernedwith the deadoffspring of the sacred animal) and proper naines 'Aqovrevs, 'Awvrtilacrawhich are transcriptions of aDemotic name. In his Neue Urkunden umdgyptischenTierkultus Sitz.-Ber.d. Bay. Ak., 1928, 3, pp. 18,3 plates) he edits inter alia a Ptolemaic text of some length.K. KERENYI,Die griechisch-orientalischeRomanliteratur in religionsgeschichtlicher eleuchtung. EinVersuch Tiibingen, Mohr, 1927. Pp. xvi+275. 16 M. 50), urges in a most learned and ingenious workthat an Egyptian lpos Xdkyosnderlies the Greeknoveland the Clementineromance. His mainconclusionsare received with scepticism by K. HELM n Phil. Woch.,XLVIII,1475-81, D. S. ROBERTSONn Cl. Rev.,

XLII, 230-2, and A. D. NOCKn Gnomon, v, 485-92, who agreein praisingK.'s eruditionand industry.HOPPE'Searly date of Hero (mentioned Journal, xiv, 135) is opposed by J. HAMMER-JENSEN,DieHeronische Frage (Hermes, LXIII,34-47).H. SEYRIG,n his Quatrecultes de Thasos (Bull. Corr.Hell., LI,178-233), publishes,pp. 219 ff., an in-scription relating to the sale of the erovvpla of the Sarapiastaewith full and instructive comment. In anote additionnelle(ibid.,369-73) he mentionsa Thasianbas-reliefshowingan emblem of Isis in a funerarybanquet.A. SALA6,n his Inscriptionsde Kymed2tolide,dePhoceede Tralles(ibid.,374-400), publishes,pp.378ff.,a hymne isiaque from Kyme which is substantially equivalent to the earlier known los text, with anintroductorystatement that Demetrius of Magnesiahad put it up as an ex voto and that it was a copy ofthe stele near the Hephaistieion(temple of Ptah) at Memphis. The Euhemeristicversion in Diodorus,pre-sumablytaken from Hecataeus,is, as Salac says, an adaptation of what is thereforea very earlyHellenistictext, un-Greek in its completeand shapeless asyndeton. Salac publishes also dedications to Isis, and Isisand Osiris,and an ushabtifigurefound at Kyme.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 115I. HERTERin the course of his valuablearticle De Mutino Titino (Rhein.Mus.,LXXVI,418-32) arguesthat the cult of Priapus came from Alexandria to Italy: this is indeed possible, but one may also askwhether we have not to deal ratherwith the identificationby scholars in Italy of an older Italian figurewith Priapus than with an incomingcultus.S. FERRI'sdiscussion in Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni, III, 235 ff., of a 3BlOposound in theTelesterion of Isis at Cyreneis known to me only from S. EITREM'S reference to it in Symb. Oslo.,VI, 54.O. GUlRAUD, Quelques extesdu museedu Caire (Bull. Inst. Fr. d'Arch.Or., xxvII, 113-25), includes,pp. 121-5, an inscription in honour of Amenothes (3rd-2nd cent. B.C.)by a patient.Imperial. P.S.I. 1039 is a return in the 3rd cent. A.D. by a iepo4a'Xrq7s*AspyCvosaCKpovov Kai "HpasKa4'HpaKXes K(Kai XapadirLos KaI rv oavvvadwvOeCv to the apXLtrpof)PT7rs Kal 1rp0TcocTrooXLorr)sf Oxyrhynchusand refers to something written by Aurelius Timagenes,high priest for life, a previously unknown highpriest of Egypt. P.S.I. 1004 refers to a temple of Suchos at Philadelphia(cf. Archiv, IX,74).P. Oxy. 2105, an edict of the prefect Petronius Honoratus, gives the tantalising fragment u]evos rpLErT1-

plKoS dywv i i7rLLnrj Oe5v Atf3las KQ[CL. WILCKEN,Archiv, ix, 92-3, remarks that this is based on a Greekdeification of Livia as Oea At3jia, not on the Roman form, diua Augusta. P. Oxy. 2131 mentions the'AvrtvoEov at Antinoopolis for the first time: it belongs to the Greek cult of heos'Avrivoos, not to theEgyptian cult of him as 'Or-tpavrivooS.The late F. W. KELSEY'Souilles americainesA Kom Ousim(Fayoum) (C.-R. Ac. Inser. et B.-L., 1927,81-90) gives an accountof these important excavations and describes three remarkablereligious paintingsfrom niches in houses, assigned to the 3rd cent. A.D.,of Isis and Harpocrates,of the rider-god,and of apossibly Mithraicsubject.G. VONMANTEUFFEL as published Quelques notes sur le Pap. Oxy. XI, 1380 (Rev. de Phil., 3 S., II,161-7), giving valuable new readingsfrom the original (FR. CUMONT, yria, viii, 368, illustrates 1.76, Isisas peydXqjn Arabia). MANTEUFFELas produced also Studia papyrologica (Eos, xxxI, 181-94), in whichhe deals in an interesting way with a poem from Talmis recordingthe vision of one Maximus, publishedby MAHAFFYnd BURYn Bull. Corr.Hell., 1894, 141ff. and KAIBELn Sitz.-Ber.preuss.Ak., 1895,781-9,with the queerSarapiswonder-storypublishedby ABT,Arch.f. Rel., xvIIi, 257 (M.has many new readings),and with P. Oxy. 1381.W. NESTLE,Zu dem Berliner orphischenPapyrus (Phil. Woch.,1928, 220-1), draws attention to aparallel in KERN,Orphica,37, test. 121 to P. Berol. 13426.For the diffusion of Graeco-Egyptianreligionoutside Egypt referenceshould be made to G. LA PIANA'Smost valuable monograph,Foreign groups in Ronzeduring the irst centuriesof te Epire (arv. Theol.Rev., 1927, 183-403), warmlypraised by G. FICKERn lTheol.Lit.-Z., 1928, 516-17. A. MAIURIn LVotiziedegli scavi, Serie Sesta, vol. I, 53, Tav v, ,1, publishes a wall painting from the Casa dell' Efebo atPompeii showing a shrine of Isis Fortuna with its precinct: some of the details deserve further study.Another picture from the same room shows in a rustic scene the golden image of Apis on a high basis.M. DELLACORTE,n the same volume of Notizie,pp. 112-14, fig. 10, publishes a fine wall painting of apriest of Isis with the inscription AMPLVSALVMNVS IBVRS;for alumnus Tiburs cf. Thes. 1. L., i, 1797,12-14.K. HORNA,Die Hymnen des MesomedesSitz.-Ber. Ak. Wien,207 i, 1928, pp. 40), includes, pp. 12 ff.,the hymn to Isis and discusses fully the question of the author'sidentity.

A. D. NOCK,Religious developmentrom Vespasianto Trajan (Thleology,xvi, 152-60), discusses interalia the rise in popularity of Sarapis worship in this periodand the propagandaused in its support.T. GRASSI,Le Liste temnplari,s reviewedby M. HOMBERTn Rev.Belge, vi, 795-6.Magic. The event of the year is the appearanceof Papyri graecaemagicae. Die griechischlen auber-papyri herausgegeben und iibersetzt von KARL PREISENDANZunter Mitarbeit von tfA. ABT, S. EITREM,L. FAHZ,A. JACOBY,G. MOLLER,R. WUNSCH.Vol. i. Pp. xii+200. 1928. (16 M. unbound, 18 M. bound.)This contains the two Berlin papyri published by Parthey, the great Paris papyrus,the Mimautpapyrus,and P. Lond.46, edited with introductions and translation and short but comprehensive notes. It is agreat convenience to students, and does moreoverrepresent a great advance in knowledge. It is to behoped that volumes II and iii will follow speedily. A brief but enthusiastic review has alreadybeen pub-lished by FR. PFISTERn Phil. Woch., LVIII, 1396-7; a general article on it should appear in the nextvolume of Journal.PREISENDANZ has done another service to scholarshipwith his article Die griechischenund lateinischenZacubertafeln (Archiv, ix, 119-54), a very full and useful bibliographyof magic tablets. On p. 136 a refer-


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116 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)ence might be addedto REITZENSTEIN,achr.Gott.Ges.,1904, 319; P.'s Akephalos s reviewedby K. H. E.DE JONG in Museum, xxxv, 155.V. MARTIN,Une tablettemagiquede la Bibliothqque e Geneve Geneva,vi, 56-64, 2 figs. in text), pub-lishes a leaden tablet containing a love charm with interesting features. K. PREISENDANZ omments onthis, Eine neueZaubertafel, n Forschungenund Fortschritte, v, 342-3.L. AMUNDSEN,agical text on an Osloostracon(Symb.Oslo.,viI, 36-7), publishes a spell of the secondcentury A.D. intended to part two people; EITREM dds a note.O. WEINREICH,Martial, XI, 43, Petron., 140. 5, und Pariser Zauberpapyrus Z. 326 (Rhein. Mus., LXXVII,112), explains QvnretLIn P. Par. 326.E. R. CALEY,TheLeyden Papyrusx and TheStockholmPapyrus (Journ.of ChemicalEduc., II, 1149-66, Iv, 979-1002), I know only from Aegyptus,Ix, 169 (6756).G. BARDYhas written on Origqne et la Magie (Rech. sc. relig., xVIII, 126-42), referring (p. 129) tomagicalpapyri containing Christiannames.S. AGELL'SStudier i senantik bokstavsmystikEranos, xxvi, 1-51) is reviewed by C. C. UHLENBECKin Museum, xxxv, 310.

LEXA, La Magie,has beenreviewedby H. KEESin O.L.Z., xxxI, 102-4, and K. H. E. DE JONG n Museum,xxxv, 303-4. For the Egyptian antecedents reference should perhaps be made to H. 0. LANGE,DermagischePapyrus Harris (Det Kgl. Danske Videnskaberneselskab,Historisk-flologiskeMeddelelser, iv,2, 1927, pp. 99, 5 kr. 50). F. J. M. DE WAELE, The magic staff or rod in Graeco-Italianantiquity, isreviewedby H. M. R. LEOPOLDn Museum,xxxv, 184. L. RADERMACHER,riechischeQuellenzurFaustsage(Sitz.-Ber. Wien.Akad., ccvI, 4, 1927,pp. 277), edits some hagiographictexts of interest to the student ofancient magic.Articles in encyclopaediasare not in general mentioned in this bibliography; but attention must becalled to TH. HOPFNER'Sull and admirableMayeia in PAULY-WISsoWA,XIV, 301-93, and to the valuablecomparative material afforded by the llandworterbuchdes deutschenAberglaubensherausgegebenunterbesondererMitwirkungvon E. HOFFMANN-KRAYERnd Mitarbeit zahlreicherFachgenossenvon HANNSBACHTOLD-STIUBLI1927-), which includes many articles by FR. PFISTER.S. EITREM,Der Skorpionin Mythologieund ReligionsgeschichteSymb.Oslo.,vII, 53-82), illustrates in-cidentally some recipes in papyriand amulets in a most interestingway. His work,Lespapyrus magiquesde Paris is appreciatively reviewed by P. THOMSEN n Phil. Woch.,XLVIII, 565-6, his P. Oslo., I, byK. F. W. SCHMIDTn G.G.A., 1927, 463-9, and A. BOULANGERn Rev. hist. rel., xcIIr, 321-2.A. JACOBY,er angeblicheEselskult der Juden und Christen(Arch.f. Rel., xxv, 265-82), explains thelegend from a satirical etymologyfor Iao: hence the identificationwith Seth, of which we have indicationsin magicalpapyri and elsewhere. J. interprets some very difficulttexts from them.Hermetica. SCOTT,Hermetica, III, is reviewed by RIESS in Am. Journ. Phil., XLVIII,191. R. BULTMANN'Spaper, Untersuchungen ur Johannesevangelium., (Z. neut. Wiss., xxvII, 113-63), is of interest in thisconnexion,being a discussion of the concept of dXa8elta. ULTMANN ontrasts the O.T. idea, the Greekphilosophicidea,and the syncretic idea,and hanxdlesHermetic references to the topic, pp. 153 ff. Perhapsthe Egyptian deification of Truth should be consideredin this context.A. D. NocK, Hermetica Journ. Theol.Stud., xxIX, 41-3), handles three passagesof the Corpus.J. RUSKA,Tabula Smaragdina, ein Beitrag zur Geschichteder hermetischenLiteratur,is reviewed byJ. BIDEZ in Rev. Belge, VII, 280 ff., and by J. A. VOLLGRAFFn Museum,xXXV,no. 5 (Feb. 1928), 129-30.Volumes v and vI of the Cataloguedes manuscritsalchimiquesgrecshave appeared,v being edited byZURETTIand SEVERYNS,VI by BIDEZ. VI must be mentionedspecially here as containingan unpublishedtestimonium on a Hermetic work on alchemy (p. 44), the editioprincepsof Proclus,HIepiji KaO'EXX^)vasiFpartK7r riXvt7Spp. 139-51), and some valuable inedita of Psellus, including a loose citation of C.H. xi. Thesevolumes are warmly praisedby FR. PFISTER n Phil. Woch.,XLVIII, 1334-8, as was vol. I in ibid., 16-17.Christianity. A. H. SALONIUS, ie griechischenHandschriftenfragmentedes Neuen Testaments,iscommended by P. THOMSENn Phil. Woch., 1928, 721-2.P. GLAUE, in Bruchstiickdes Origenes iberGenesis , 28 (P. bibl.univ. Giss.17), Giessen, T6pelmann,1928, pp. 35, 1 Taf., being Heft I, pt. ii of Mitteilungenaus der Papyrussammlungder Giessener Uni-versitatsbibliothek,s reviewedby P. KOETSCHAUn Z.f. Kirchengesch.,N.F., x, 429-30.H. A. SANDERS-C.SCHMIDT,Minor Prophets, is reviewed by F. G. KENYON n Journal, xiv, 329-30,A. CALDERINI n Aegyptus, IX, 164-5, P. THOMBENn Phil. Woch., XLVIII,1185-7, D. W. RIDDLE n Journalof Religion, VIII, 626-7. EVELYN-WHITE-CRUM'SMonastery of Epiphanius, is reviewed by C. SCHMIDTn


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 117D. Lit.-Z.,1928,1701-10, A. CALDERINIn Aegyptus, x, 154-5, A. VANLAUTSCHOOTn Rev. d'hist. eccl., xxIv,143-8, and E[v.] B[RECCIA]n Bull. Soc. Arch. dA lex., no. 23, 405-7, and together with Monasteries of theWadi'n Natrun, by J. LEIPOLDTn Theol.Lit.-Z., 1928, 449-50. C. SCHMIDT'Sranslation of Pistis Sophiais reviewed by A. VITTI n Biblica, ix, 108-10, U. MONNERETE VILLARD'SI Monasterodi S. Sineoneby A. CALDERINIn Aegyptus, viii, 376-7, CRUM's ie koptischeUbersetzungesLebensSymeonsdesStylitenby P. P[EETERS]n Anal. Bolland., XLVI, 82-3, and HENDRIX, e AlexandrijnscheHaeresiarchBasilides,by J. H. VANHAERINGENn Tijdschriftvoor Geschiedenis,XLIII,192-4. VITELLIublishes in Bull. Soc.Arch. d'Alex., no. 23, 200 f., a fragment of a Christian amulet as no. 22 of his lVoterellepapirologiche.This publication, like C. DELGRANDE, iturgiae preceshymni Christianorume papyris collecti (Ardea,Neapoli, 1928, pp. 39), is inaccessible to me. Of the latter there is a severe and instructive review byJ. KROLLn Gnomon,v, 30-5. M. J. -LAGRANGE,n nouveaupapyrus contenant un fragment des Actes(Rev.Bibl., 1927, 549-60), discusses the Sandersfragment.M. ANDRIEU-P.COLLOMP,ragments sur papyrus de l'anaphorede Saint Marc (Rev. Sc. Rel., viII,489-515), give the text of P. Strasb. Gr. 254, with photographsand comments.F. CABROL,a doxologiedans la priere chretiennedespremierssiQclesRech.sc. rel., xvIII, 9-30), has areference(p. 29) to an Oxyrhynchusdoxology.LIETZMANN,esseund Herrenmahl, s well discussed by LEBRETONn Rech.sc. rel., XVII,324 ff.

L. CERFAUX,e vrai prophetedes Clementines Rech.sc. rel., xvIIr, 143-63), considers the influenceofAlexandriauponJudeo-Christians. F. ANDRES, ie Engel-und Ddmonenlehre esKlemensvonAlexandrien(Rom. Quartalschr.,XLIII,13-27, 129-40, 307-29), W. FOERSTER,on Valentin zu Herakleon. Uintersu-chungenuber die Quellenund die Entwicklungder valentinischenGnosis(Beih. zumZ. netut.Wiss.,7, 1928.Pp. 116. Of some interest for Hermetic studies), and G. BARDY,La vie chretienneau.x I [qu. iii?] etiv sictles daprvs tes papyrus (Rev.Apolog.,XLII,643-51, 707-21; cited after Aegyptus, ix, 174, no. 6857),may be mentioned.U. WILCKENn the course of his Zur Geschichte es UsurpatorsAchilleus(Sitz.-Ber.Preuss.Ak., 1927,270-6) mentions, p. 276, Christianity of Paniskos and his wife as shown in their prayers to xvp&oseovs:P.'s rap&aTs Beoiswr&n (I, 6) and roi Beois eXecre] (-at) may well be explained (though W. doubts thissomewhat)as the simple retention of conventional phrases: cf. Ct.Rev.,1925, 206 f., for parallels in Latinepigraphy.R. P. CASEY, he Text of the Anti-Manichaean ragmentsof Titus of Bostra and Serapionof Thmuis(Harv. Theol.Rev.,xxI, 97-111), records a valuable discovery on Athos of a manuscriptof SerapionandTitus, and shows the principles on which the two texts should be edited. We look forwardeagerly to thepromisededition of the Greektext and Syriac version by F. C. BURKITTnd CASEY.W. H. P. HATCH, heApostles n the YewtTestamentand in theecclesiasticaltraditionof Egypt ('arv.Theol.Rev.,xxi, 147-61), treats extra-canonical lists of the Apostles, notably the Epistula Apostolorum(accordingto H. probablycomposed in Egypt before 180), in which Peter and Cephasare distinguished,other variations of name occur, and the Apostles are thought of as a sacred college rather than asindividuals.G. KLAMETH,berdie Herkunftder apokryphen" Geschichte osephsdes Zimmermanns (ArrEAo0, Ill,6-31), studies the Historia Josephifabri lignarii known in Bohairic,Sahidic, and Arabic versions, showsthe Egyptian Gnostic character of part of it, producing striking parallels from Pistis Sophia, and urgesthat it is based on the Osiris story. It certainly is in close relation to native funerarycustoms and ideas:and the body of the patriarchJoseph, from whom features are borrowed,was accordingto a Jewish legend,with features markedlysuggestive of Osiris,put by the Egyptians in the Nile (G. KITTEL, ie Problemedes paldatinischenSpatjudentumsund das Urchristentum, 69ff.).

3. PUBLICATIONSFNON-LITERARYEXTS.(N.B. Miscellaneous oteson and corrections f documents reviouslypublishedare referred o in ? 9.Reviews,butonly the more mportant,are noticedhere.)General. During the year under review a new part of that invaluablepublicationS.-B. has appeared,edited as before by F. BILABEL.As was the case with its predecessors,the contents are very various andarranged without classification. There are a good many texts of considerable extent and importance,besides quite short inscriptions, some of only a word or two. This part completes vol. ii and containsthe indexes and addenda. SammelbuchGriechischerUrkundenaus Agypten. Berlin and Leipzig, Walter

de Gruyter,1927. Pp. 155-399. Nos. 6825-7269.K


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118 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)P. Cornell I has been reviewed by A. S. HUNT n Journat, xiv, 185; W. OTTOn Hist. Z., cxxxvIIm,666-7; G. COPPOLAn Boll. Fil. Class., xxxIV, 166-8; and M. HOMBERTn Rev. Belge, viI, 1048-51(a complete list of contents given).B.G.U. vII has been reviewedby W. OTTOn D. Lit.-Z., 1928,1891-6; M. ENGERSn Museum Leiden),

xxxvI, 34-6 (I have not myself been able to see this); and P. COLLARTn Rev.de Phil., ser. 3, In,69-70.A new part of P.S.I. has appeared,formingfasc. 1 of vol. ix. It must rank among the most importantof all except vols. iv and v, which contained the bulk of the Zenon papyri. That wonderful archive isrepresented here also; for the first section of the fascicule is occupied by translations (from the masterhand of SPIEGELBERG)f the Florentine Demotic papyri from the Zenon collection and of the Demoticportions of bilingual documents,by two newly acquiredGreekpapyri from the same archive, and by onepreviouslypublished,of which a new fragmenthas been foundrecently. Next comesa short but extremelyinteresting and valuable series of Greekdocuments, either independentor appendedto Demotic contracts,from Pathyris and the neighbourhood,obtained in 1905 by E. SCHIAPARELLIn the course of excavationsin the alley of Dr el-Medneh, and now in e ihe Turin Museum. Found in the ruins of a house andenclosed in two pots, they are in excellent preservation, and their intrinsic interest, particularly inreligious matters, is considerable. Only the Greek is here published; it is much to be hoped that beforevery long it will be possible to issue a complete edition of the Demotic texts also. This section is followedby two valuable Latin documents. The first of these is of quite unusual interest, from variouspoints ofview: it was written at the Palestinian Caesarea, ot in Egypt, it is a petition, a class of documentnotcommon amongextant Latin papyri, it is, as WILCKENerceived,an exampleof a double deed,"and itscontents are of value for military matters. The date is A.D.150. The second document is a waxed tablet,the last of a triptych, containingthe attestation of the acceptanceof an inheritance; date A.D.151. Theseare followed by various Greek papyri, ranging in date from A.D.15 to the end of the 3rd century, all ofthem possessing considerable interest. The last section of this part is occupiedby a further selection ofpapyri at Alexandria, which M. NORSAhad previously published (Papiri del Museo greco-romanodiAlessandria, in Bull. Soc. Arch. d'Alex., no. 23, 267-86). Texts and commentary are here reproducedwithout change. These papyri,which range in date from A.D.26 to the 6th century,are not of outstandingimportance but offervarious points of interest. No. 1043 is a puzzling lease, difficult to explain (if v'avin 1.20 is for f,u&vcan it be the body of yecopyol f a village taking over a communal lease of alycaXospreviously held by ol 7repitaKvziv ?); 1048 contains the new wordo4oXto-p's; 1049 and 1050 are from theHeroninus archive; 1053 is a fragment of what would have been a most interesting document (2nd-3rdcentury) relating to the e44oXt; 1055 (a) is of interest for social life in the 3rd century (iropvonOffKOLihowere tLcrawailTrV KOLV?IWVrfs srIoXsct); 1058 is a lease of an Epyaorqplov XpvOaoXoElov 5th-6th century;in 1.2 should not [Xca]be tx'C], .e. the document is a sub-lease?). There are three excellent plates (thetwo Latin documents),and the editing is of the usual high quality. Pubblicazioni della Societa' taliana;Papiri greci e latini, ix, fasc. 1, nos. 1001-61, pp. 1-96, 3 plates. Firenze,Anonima LibrariaItaliana, 1928.L. 100. This fascicule and the previous one are reviewed together by WILCKENn Archiv, ix, 71-83 (veryimportant as usual). The Byzantine portion of the previous part (viii, ii) is reviewed by F. ZUCKERnB.Z., xxvIII, 177-9.COLLART'Sdition of the Bouriant Papyri (Journal, xiv, 140 f.) has been reviewed by K. FR. W.SCHMIDTn G.G.A., 1928, 145-81 (detailed and elaborate; largely linguistic); E. BICKERMANNn O.L.Z.,

xxxi, 474-5; W. SCHUBARTn Gnonmon,v, 222-4 (mostly on the literary texts); A. S. HUNT in Journal,xiv, 186; A. D. NOCKin Cl. Rev., XLII, 149; H. I. B[ELL] in J.H.S., XLVIII,127-9; F. Z[UCKER]n B.Z.,xxvIII, 179-80; and M. HOMBERTn Rev. Belge, vii, 1045-8 (list of texts).ZUCKERand SCHNEIDER'Small publication of Jena Papyri (Journal, xIII, 97 f.) has been reviewed byWILCKENn Archiv, ix, 84-5.A work which I have been unable to see and know only from reviews by P. F. REGARDRev. et. anc.,xxx, 229-31) and J. B. CHABOT Journ. Sav., 1928, 248-9) appears to contain a selection of miscellaneouspapyrus texts, and I therefore notice it here, but I do not know which papyri are included. This isF. M. ABEL'S Grammaire du grec biblique noticed below in ? 8. The Rev. Belge, 1928, 305, notices amongBrussels doctoral dissertations for 1926-7, Lettres priv6es trouvees parmi les papyrus grecs dl'gypte, byCLAIREPRIiAUX,but it would appear to be unpublished and I cannot say whether it contains a selectionof texts and is rightly included in this section.Ptolemaic. The most noteworthy item in this section is the third volume of EDGAR'Smagnificentedition of the Zenon papyri at Cairo. It concludes the dated or datable documents,covering the years


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 119250-239 B.C.,and adds a series of undated ones arranged alphabetically, according to the names of thecorrespondents,from A to Q. It does not however exhaust the treasures of the Cairo Museum. Thereremain to be dealt with several groups of papyri acquired since the printing of the Catalogue began,a long series of accounts containing, accordingto EDGAR, much that is interesting,"a number of lettersof which the writers' names are lost but whichyield some connectedsense, and a mass of smallerfragments.It seems clear that at least one further volume and probablytwo will be necessary. And this is the Cairocollection only! During the whole of the period covered by the dated documents of this volume Zenonwas living in the Fayyum, and the later ones were written after the disappearanceof Apollonius, whenZenonwas but a private landowner; but there is really little, if any, falling off in interest, even thoughwe miss the wider horizons of earlier volumes. To pick out all the points worthy of special attentionwould requirean amount of space far beyond the limits of a bibliography; sufficeit to say that on almostevery page there is something of interest, and that the proportionof previously unpublished texts isconsiderable. There are the usual indexes, preceded by a list of the papyri (a very useful feature,omittedin some papyrus publications)and a concordanceof catalogueand inventorynumbers,and some importantaddenda,which include several newly identifiedfragments; and the volumeconcludes, ike its predecessors,with a large number of generally good facsimiles, which alone would make this Catalogue indispensabletoall students of Ptolemaic papyri. Zenon Papyri. Vol. III. (Cat. Gen. d. Ant. Agypt. du Mu-seeu Caire.)Le Caire, Impr. de l'Inst. Fran9ais,1928. Nos. 59298-59531. Pp. v+293, 30 plates.A papyrus from the Zenon archive, now in the library of New York University, has been published,with an elaborate commentary,by CASPERJ. KRAEMER, Jr. It contains four documents, of which threeare published. They are: (1) Hypomnema by Haryotes to Nicanor the nomarch,asking him to instructAchoapis to release Petosiris,undersecurity, for the workof the harvest; (2) Letter of Nicanor to Achoapisaccordingly; (3) Instructions by Achoapis to Alexander,year 10(?). TheNomarch Nicanor-P. NYU Inv.in 89, in Trans. Am. Phil. Ass., LVIII, 155-69, 2 plates.Three more papyri connected with Zenon are published by C. C. EDGAR. The first is P. Petrie II,13 (11) (P. Lond. 539), here republishedin a much more intelligible text, which is obviouslycorrect in themain, though the middles of the lines are conjecturally supplied. Though not from the Zenon archive, itis from a Zenon, who may probablybe identified with him of Philadelphia. The second and third arefrom the Zenonarchive itself, the formermade up of two fragment in the Cairoand Michigancollectionsrespectively,the latter a complete papyrus in the Michiganibusry. No. 2 ihs a petition to the king fromAttalus, no. 3 a royalorder,both of considerable interest. ThreePtolemaicPapyri, in Journal,xiv, 288-93.The following publications of 3rd century papyri are reviewed by WILCKENn vol. ix of the Archiv:WESTERMANN's Leasefrom the Estate of Apollonius(Journal, xiv, 141), pp. 67-8; BELL'S GreekSightseers(ibid.), pp. 66-7 (see also OTTO'Seleukidengescltichten ? 4 and ROSTOVTZEFF'SreekSightseers n ? 5), andWaxed Tablets(ibid.),p. 100; and ZUCKER'SGriech.Urk.oberdg.Herkunft(ibid.), pp. 68-70.The long-expected ourth fasciculeof vol. I of the Lille Papyrihas nowappeared. It containsonlyaddendaand corrigendaand the indexes, with some facsimiles. If the correctionsare numerous this is due to thegreatdifficultyof deciphermentofferedby many of the papyriand the length of time which haselapsedsincethe publication of the first two fascicules. Papyrus Grecs. P. JOUGUET, P. COLLART,J. LESQUIER. (InstitutPapyr. de l'Universitdde Lille.) Paris, Leroux, 1928. Pp. 265-311, 12 plates. Reviewed by W. SCHUBARTin Gnomon, v, 593-4.

P. Freib. 12-38 (Journal, xiv, 141f.) is reviewedby M. SANNICOLOn D. Lit.-Z., N.F., v, 738-40. Seetoo ? 6, A, v.In concludingthis section referencemay be made to the publication, by W. SPIEGELBERG,f a Demoticcontract of service (Berlin Ostracon 6528) long ago published by BRUGscH ut not previously understood.Vertrag iberDienstvermietung,n Demotica,II (Sitz.-Ber.Bayer.Ak., 1928,2. Abh.), 49-52. For GUJERAUD'spublicationof an inscriptionin honour of Amenothes (Bull. Inst. Fr. d'Arch.Or., xxvii) see ? 2 above.Roman. SCHUBARTas published a Latin papyrus,interesting more for its date and the language inwhich it is written than for its contents. It is a letter, written in rustic capitals of an early type, from aslave named Phileros to a certain Menander, lave of Diogenes,or rather to his fellow-slavesgenerally. Asslaves and master alike were clearly Greekand the papyrus was presumably found in Egypt, the use ofLatin is curious,and SCHUBARTuggests as the motive a desire to keep the contents more secret, thoughthey do not seem of such importance as to call for special secrecy. SCHUBART,n the groundof both thehandand the orthography notethat ei is used forlongi throughout),dates the letter in the 1st century B.C.,perhapseven under the later Ptolemies,when there were of course many Romans at Alexandria. WILCKEN


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120 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)(Archiv,ix, 85) remarksthat the use of Latin may perhaps point rather to the Augustan age; but if themotive was indeed secrecy the earlierperiod,when Latin was less familiar,is the likelier. Ein lateinischerBrief auf Papyrus, in Ber. a. d. Preuss. Kunstsammlungen, LIX, 43-4, 1 plate.Attention may here be called to an important text which, though it belongsto the sphereof epigraphy,not papyrology,is of interest to the papyrologistbecause it furnishes a parallel to a well-knownpapyrustext, the letter of Claudiusto the Alexandrines. This is a letter of Tiberius to Gytheim in Laconia. It isin reply to an offer of divine honours,which Tiberiusdeclines forhimself,though he applaudsthe renderingof them to Augustus. As for Livia, deroKpveira. orav axcrOratl rap' vpovwv X7v rF 7rpi Tr&v S avrrv TriSpvKcpictv.Addressedto a town of little importanceand dealing with a single point only, it is naturallymuchbrieferthan the letter of Claudius,but it shows that the latter was following an established principleofImperial policy. S. B. KOUGEAS,Eirnypaq(KzalK rvOelov ZvSo.Aal, III. 'Eir5roXr Ttceplov, in 'EXXjvcKa, ,38-43; see also 152-7.C. J. KRAEMEReviews OLSSON'SPapyrusbriefein Cl. Weekly,xxi, 23-5. In this connexion I maymention that the Rev. Beige, 1928,306, recordsa thesis for the doctorate of Brussels by EUG.DELTOMBE,entitled Recueil de lettrespriveesgrecques rouvees urpapyrus (2esiecleapresJ.-C.).C. W. KEYES as published, from the Columbia collection (P. Col. Inv. No. 6) a petition, dated A.D. 3,to the basilicogrammateusof the Division of Themistes from a 8truoo-s yEpyos of Theadelphia,who had,according to his own account, been wrongfully imprisoned. [N.B. Does not rtvi OTrerwovXoywv meansimply "on some pretext or other"rather than " because of soe matter connected with the accounts"?]ThePetition of a State Farmer in RomanEgypt, in Cl. Phil., xxIII, 25-9.S. EITREM nd H. HOLST ublish three papyri from the Oslo collection,all of them of some interest.They are: (1) Lease of land in the ovalia of Marcus Antonius at Karanis. A.D.29. Facsimile; (2) Petitionto a centurion,mentioning the Aopvqf4optavqovalia. A.D. 71-2. ProbablyKaranis; (3) Transferof a nomina-tion to the liturgical office of nrpKTropby four phylarchs. Severus Alexander. Facsimile. Three GreekPapy-i in Oslo, n tio, xxII, 221-7, 2 plates. WILCKENublishes some correctedreadingsof these papyri,made during his stay in Oslo on the occasionof the Historical Congress ast year,to which EITREMdds afew further corrections,his own and others'. Zu drei OsloerPapyri, in Symb. Oslo.,vII, 33-5.H. I. BELLhas published two papyri from the Londoncollection, both relating to the same case, thehypothecation by one of the owners of his share in a female slave owned jointly by three brothers.Acco.ding to him he pledged only his third, but his brothersaccused him of pledging the whole. Theearlierof the papyri is the petition to this effectby the brothers dated A.D.168, the second an undertaking,dated A.D.173-4, by the hypothecatorthat he will produceproofs of his assertion that he pledgedonly athird. The parties were citizens of Antinoopolis resident in the Fayyun. A Family Dispute concerningHypothecation, in Studi in onore di P. Bonfante, 1929, III, 61-71.0. GUtRAUDepublishes he CairoLatintabletspublished by DERIccIin 1906,giving onp. 119a facsimileof two passages which he was unable to read. The first is clearly the amount of the census, hough I amunable to read the numberof sestertia; the secondis the much-discussed ormulaq. p.f. c r e ad k. (WILCKENalso points this out in his review in Archiv,IX,102-4.) This republicationis of great value, advancingthestudy of this class of document in several ways. Quelques extes du muse'e u Caire,I.-Textes latins surtablettesde cire 113-21, in Bull. Inst. Fr. d'Arch.Or.,xxvII, 113-21. WILCKEN,esides his review of thisarticle,just mentioned,also reviews (pp. 100-2) KELSEY'Sarlierpublication (Trans. Am. Phil. Ass., LIV)of a birth certificate,and an article, which must here be mentioned,by H. A. SANDERS,he Birth Certifi-cate of a Roman Citizen, n Cl. Phil., XXII,409-13, in which SANDERSuts forward the theory that thelatter part of the formula above referredto is to be read c(ivem)R(omanum)e(xscripsi)ad K(alendarium),translating it, (" [name of the father] have written out for the public monthlyrecordthat a son was born,etc." WILCKENejects this explanation and also criticises certain of the assumptions which SANDERSmade in support or illustration of his theory. In the meantime SANDERSad publisheda second articleon the subject, further expoundinghis view, A Birth Certificateof the year 145 A.D., in A.J.A., 2nd S.,xxxII, 309-29.G. CANTACUZkNEpublishes an important and interesting article on the pridianum edited by IIUNT inthe Raccolta Lumbroso. Un papyrus latin relatif A la defensedu Bas Danube,in Aegyptus, x, 63-96. Afacsimile of this papyruswill appearin the next part of the New PalaeographicalSociety's publications.

1 Aproposof er' lrTpO


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 121Among WILCKEN'Seviews in Archiv,ix, the following deal with publications of 2nd century papyri:WINTER,n the Service of Rome (Journal, xiv, 143), pp. 85-9; BOAK,Epikrisis Record (ibid.), p. 89;SCHUBART-BELL,Parallel to Wilcken,Chrest.144 (ibid., 142-3), p. 89.In his article Beitrdgezurantiken UrkundengeschichteArchiv,IX,24-46) noticedbelowin ? 6 E. BICKER-MANNpublishes (pp. 44-6) from a transcript by H. I. BELLhe complete text of the Hermopolitecensusreturn of A.D.132 on which the latter contributed a note to Archiv,vi, 107-9, while on p. 35 he publishesfrom a provisional transcript by WILCKENn unedited Strassburg papyrus containing an order by thestrategus of the Hermopolitenome concerningthe epicrisis of o da7ro'i7rpooXecors. Similarly,in K. OHLY'SStichometrischeUntersuchungensee below, ? 7) there is published, with an instructive commentary, onpp. 88-90 (cf. the Nachtrdge, pp. 126-9), the full text of the interesting account of a scriptorium whichwas the subject of an article by BELLn Aegyptus,ii, 281-8.WESSELYas published an interesting letter, apparentlyin his own collection, announcing the grantby the prefect of permission to transport stones. He assigns it to the 3rd century. Ius lapides transpor-tandi, in Studi Bonfante, ii, 17-18.Roman-Byzantine. Reviews of P. Oxy. xvII have dealt chiefly with the literary papyri there publishedand are therefore noticed above, in ? 1. The documents are discussed with his usual mastery byWILCKEN n Archiv,IX,89-97.WILCKEN reviews in Archiv, Ix, 97-8, MANTEUFFEL'SEpistulae privatae ineditae (Journal, xiv,144).H. B. VAN HOESEN nd A. C. JOHNSONublish from the Princeton collection five leases, ranging indate from A.D. 230 to A.D. 382, and all possessing points of interest. They are well edited, with amplecommentaryand useful references to parallels in the case of the first, which is a lease of a palm grove.Five Leasesin the PrincetonCollection, n Journal, xiv, 118-25.Byzantine. WILCKENeviews in Archiv, ix, 98-9, WINTER'SFamily Letters of Paniskos (Journal,xiv, 143).An important and interesting Latin papyrus, which is unfortunately very difficult to read, has beenpublished by S. DERICCI.It is a petition by Abinnaeus, the well-knownpraepositmscastrorum, o theEmperors. It was merely described,not edited, in the second volume of the LondonCatalogue,where theAbinnaeus papyri were published, but was copied for their projected edition of this archive by MARTINand BELL,who discovered subsequently that DERIccI had also copied it. It is now published in the hopethat other scholars will contribute suggestions which may lead to the further improvement of the textbefore the time comes to incorporateit finally in the volume. A Latin Petition ot Abinnaeus(PapyrusB.M. 447), in Journal, xiv, 320-2, 2 plates.G. ZERETELIpublishes a 5th century woodentablet in the Hermitagecollection. The text is apparentlyan official'sexercise in the chancerystyle; and it derivesa special interest fromthe fact that it is addressedto Flavius Antiochus Sabinus Demonicus, Count of the Sacred Consistoryand of the orpanrcortKadayLara.of the Theban limes,whom ZERETELIdentifies, rightly as it seems, with a general mentioned by Malalas,andwith a man known from two inscriptions of Philae. In illustration of this "'Probearbeit" he publishestwo similar texts, one from his own collection and one formerlyin the possession of B. TURAIEV.Eine

griechischeHolztafeldes v Jahrh. in der Sammlungder Eremitage,in Aegyptus,IX, 113-28.For reviews of the MetropolitanMuseum Monasteryof Epiphanius see ? 2.Byzantine-Arab. Referencemay here be made to a publication by A. MALLONf some Coptic ostracafrom Thebes (Quelquesostracacoptesde Thebes, n Rev.de 2tg. Ancienne,I, 152ff.), which, as interpretedby WESSELYUbervier Ostraka aus Luxor, in Phil. Woch.,XLVIII, 09-10), furnish useful evidence as tothe capacity of the sack and the wagon-load. WESSELYssigns them, no doubt rightly, to the 7th century,but they may date from either before or after the Arab conquest.Arab. H. I. BELLhas publishedthe last instalment of his Translationsof the GreekAphroditoPapyriin the British fMuseumn Der Islam, 1928, 4-8. This consists of translations of P. Lond. 1441 and 1449,which were sent to press before the war but owing to the interruption of communications thus causedcould not then be printed off and were subsequentlyoverlooked.W. SCHUBARTeviews P. Ross.-Georg. v in Gnomon, v, 151-3.Finally, reference may be made to F. LL.GRIFFITH'Sery interesting monographChristianDoctmentsfrom Nubia (Proc. of Brit. Acad., xIv, pp. 30, 4 plates), since, though strictly outside the sphere of this

bibliography,it throws valuablelight on the fortunes of the Christiankingdomwhich lay to the south ofEgypt. The titles, modelled on those of Byzantium, which occur in the inscriptions, are curious.


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122 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)4. POLITICALISTORY,IOGRAPHY,DMINISTRATION,OPOGRAPHY,HRONOLOGY.

General. M. ROSTOVTZEFFas written a useful, if somewhatone-sided,account of PtolemaicEgypt forvol. vii of the CambridgeAncientHistory: chap.Iv, pp. 109-54.A third edition of the first volume of KAERST'SGeschichtedes HelBlenismusas been issued: Leipzig,Teubner, 1927: it contains little fresh matter except in the appendices. It is reviewedby W. W. TARN inCl. Rev., XLII, 148.The second edition of BELOCH'SGriechischeGeschichte s reviewedby W. OTTOn Phil. Woch.,XLVIII,1097-1101; by U. KAHRSTEDT in D. Lit.-Z., 1928, 1314; by H. BERVEn Gnomon, rv, 469-79; and byM. P. NILSSONn G.G.A.,cxc, 88-91.JOUGUET'sLlimpe'rialismemacidonien(see Journal, xIIi, 103) is reviewedby J. BIDEZin Rev.Belge,vii,217-19; by M. MERZAGORAn Aegyptus,viii, 364-70; by A. C. JOHNSON n A.J.A., xxxii, 126-7; inBull. Bibl. et Ped., 311, 171-2; and by E[v.] B[RECCIA] in Bull. Soc. Arch.d'Alex., no. 23, 397-9.BEVAN'S History of Egypt under the PtolemaicDynasty (see Journal, xIv, 144) is reviewed by C. C.EDGAR n Joubrnal,iv, 198-9; by W. W. TARN in Cl. Rev.,XLII,79-80; by J. G. M[ILNE] in J.FI.S., XLVIII,106-8; by P. CLOCHJ.n Rev. et. anc., xxx, 165-6; in Anc. Egypt, 1928, 18-19; and by E[v.] B[RECCIA]nBull. Soc. Arch.d'Alex., no. 23, 396-7.The second edition of WILCREN's Griehische Geschichtes reviewed by W. OTTO n D. Lit.-Z., 1928,727-30.I have not seen H. RIPPLINGER, Histoire de l'ancienneJgypte de l'origineau de'but u Christianisme,Paris, 1928, which is noted in the bibliography n Gnomon.Political historyand position of nationalities. W. W. TARN discusses The Hellenistic Ruler-C?ultndtheDaemonin J.H.S., XLvIII,206-19. See also in ? 2. Referencemay here be made to E. R. GOODENOUGH,The Political Philosophyof HellenisticKingship, in Yale ClassicalStudies edited...by Austin M.Harmon,I, 55-102.There is important material for early Ptolemaic history in WALTHERSCHWAHN'Srticle Zu Hekatdosvon Teosin Rhein. wus.,N.F., LXXVII,153-9.F. HEICHELHEIMas publishedNackhtragurProsopographie erauswdrtigenBevBlkerungm Ptolemder-reich(see Journal, xiii, 105) in Archiv, Ix, 47--55; his previous work is reviewed by 0. LENZEin Viertel-jahrs. f. sozial- und Wirtschaftsgesch.,x, 516-18; and E[v.] B[RECCIA] n Bull. Soc. Arch.d'Alex., no. 23,394-5.W. OTTo's aperBeitrdgezurSeleukidengeschichtees 3 Jahrhundertsv. Chr., n Abhandl. Bayer.Ak. d.Wiss.,xxxIv, Abh. 1, Miinchen, 1928, pp. 98, should be noted for its bearing on Egyptian history. ForROSTOVTZEFF'Srticle GreekSightseers n Egypt see ? 5, Social Life.J. G. MILNEwrites on Egyptian Nationalism under Greekand RomanRule in Journal, xIV, 226-34.H. BERVE'S as A exanderreich(see Journal, xIV, 145) is reviewed by F. OERTEL n Neue Jahrb., Iv,385-9; by V. EHRENBERGn Hist. Z., cxxxvII, 98-101 (interesting); by P. JOUGUETn Rev. de Phil., s4r.iii, II, 361-73 (important); and by E. KORNEMANNn Verg.u. Gegenw.,xvII, 172.V. EHRENBERG'Slexander und Aegypten(see Journal, XIII,104; xiv, 145) is reviewed by E. KORNE-MANN n Verg.u. Gegenw.,XVII,173; by H. BERVEin Vierteljahrs.. sozial- u. Wirtschaftsgesch.,x, 279-

80; and by E[v.] B[RECCIA]n Bull. Soc. Arch. d'Alex., no. 23, 383-92.W. SPIEGELBERGncludes WTeitereeitrdgezur Erkldrung des Priesterdekretesu Ehrendes PtolemaiosPhilopator (see Journal, xIII, 105) in Demotica,II, Sitz.-Ber.Bay. Ak., 1928,Abh. 2, pp. 6-12.SPIEGELBERGnd OTTO,Eine neue Urk.zu der Siegesfeierdes Ptol. 1V,is reviewedby E. BICKERMANNin O.L.Z., xxi, 104; and by F. VONBIssING in Phil. Woeh.,XLVIII,62-4.F. GEYER'sAlexander erGrosse s reviewedby E. KORNEMANNn Verg.u. Gegenw.,xvii, 173.V. TSCHERIKOWER'Sie hellenistischenStddtegriindungen(see Journal, XIV,145) is reviewed by P.GRAINDORn Rev.Belge,VII, 651-3; and by E. BICKERMANN, ith additions to list of cities and references,in Gnomon,v, 351-2.U. KAHRSTEDT'SSyrischeTerritorien(see Journal, xIv, 145) is reviewedby J. H. THIEL in Museum,xxxv, 205-6.W. SCHUBART's Griechen n Aegypten (see Journal, xiii, 105; xiv, 145) is reviewed by B. A. VANGRO1NINGENn Museum, xxxv, 93; by M. HOMBERTn Rev. Belge, VII, 219-21; by V. EHRENBERG nHist. Z., CXXXVII, 59; and by E[v.] B[RECCIA]n Bull. Soc.-Arch.d'Alex., no. 23, 371-82.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 123The bibliography n Aegyptus, x, mentions a workby J. M. ROTH,Greekpapyri lights on Jewishhistory,New York, 1924.H. I. BELL'S uden und Griechen see Journal, xiii, 106; xiv, 146) is reviewedby M. HOMBERTn Rev.Belge,VI,860-1; by V. EHRENBERGn Eist. Z., cxxxvi, 310; by E. KORNEMANNn Verq.u. Gegenw., vII,

178; and by E[v.] B[RECCIA]n Bull. Soc. Arch. d'Alex., no. 23, 393-4.STERLINGRACYn III Maccabees nd Pseudo-Aristias, n Yale ClassicalStudies edited...by Austin M.Harmon,i, 241-52, would regard the Aristias letter as a rebuke to the school of thought representedbyIII Maccabees.CLARK OPKINSleads for a reconsiderationof the date assignedto the trial of Isidorus and Lampon.He seeks first to invalidate the argumentsadvancedby WILCKENnd PREMERSTEINn favour of the laterdate and then to establish others for the date A.D. 41. Some of his arguments have undoubtedlyweight,but he does not meet the difficultyof fitting in the trial (and execution !) of Isidorusand Lamponbetweenthe accession of Claudius and the writing of his letter to the Alexandrines. The Date of the Trial ofIsidorus and Lampo before Claudius; B.G. U. Iu, 511, and P. Cairo, 10448, in Yale Classical Studies edited...by Austin M. Harmon,I, 1928, 171-7. [H. I. B.]On the history of later Roman and Byzantine Egypt there is little to report, but the results of muchspecialised work have been summarised in two useful surveys. A. E. R. BOAK n the Am. Hist. Rev.,xxxiv, 1-8 has publisheda paper (readbeforethe Ancient History section at the Annual Meeting of theAmerican Historical Association held at Washington in December 1927) on Byzantine Imperialism inEgypt. The story, he concludes,is one "of progressivedisintegration,"of the deca of a civilisation andthe rise of a nationality. "tThe ruin of the middle classes, the growth of the great landed proprietorsandthe buaucratic maladinistration ere ills whichEgypt sharedwith thedministraempire as a whole. What wasmore peculiarto Egypt was the revival of an Egyptian nationality which expressed itself in a consciouslinguistic, cultural, religious and political hostility to its rulers. Under these conditions Egypt wasgoverned and held only by military force and could not be expectedto protect itself for the empire fromoutside attack. Accordingly,the continuation of Byzantine rule was dependent upon the presence of anadequategarrison,and this Constantinoplefailed to provide." It might, perhaps,be suggested that Egyptdespite its foreign rulers had never ceased to be a nation, and that in this fact lies, at least in part, theexplanationof the failure of Roman rule. The obstinate devotion of Egypt to Christianityin the last greatpersecution,its consistent oppositionto the religiouspolicy of the centralgovernmentwould thus representthe forms assumed by a national consciousnesswhich Greek,Roman and Byzantine alike failed to extin-guish. That national consciousnesswas ready to seize on every favourableopportunity through which itmight make its protest against foreign domination-from the day of the battle of Raphia down to theArab conquest.In J.R.S., xvI, 1-13, J. G. MILNE as outlined the stages in The Ruin of Egypt by Romanmismanage-ment. He contends that "the prosperityof Egypt declined constantly under Romanrule from the time ofthe conquest till the central governmentlost its grip upon the country, and though the decline was morerapid at some periods than at others, there was never any sign of recoveryor even any real check. Theburden of supplying the tribute to Rome was first thrown on the upperand middle classes, then, as theirresourceswere exhausted, it was passed on to the peasantry: the administrative changes of Severus werea fresh attempt to put the screw on the middleclasses,those of Diocletian to do the like with the peasants:but all through there was no departurefrom the great principle of policy, first laid down by Augustus,that Egypt was to be exploited solely for the benefit of the imperial treasury.... It seems clear that theexplanationof the state of absolute ruin to which Egypt was reducedafter four centuries of Roman rule,in spite of the fact that the natural fertility of the country was not, and could not be, permanentlyimpaired,must be foundprimarilyin the uninterrupteddrain of capital to Rome: and this drain took aform which was at once most insidious in its operationand most fatal in the end-the tribute of corn. Itmust be remembered hat the enormousquantities of corn shipped annually from Alexandria to Rome, orlater to Constantinople,were a dead loss to Egypt; not a penny was paid for them, and though theymight be regardedin theory as a rent paid by the cultivators to the Emperoras owner of the soil, thelandlordwas an absentee, and no part of the rent accruedto the benefit of the country by his expenditureof it: on the contrary it was wasted in the most vicious way economically possible by being used topauperisethe inhabitants of Rome."For Cyril's conflict with Nestorius reference may be made to the article by R. ABRAMOWSKI, ur" Tragodie"des Nestorius,in Z. f. Kirchengesch., LVII,N.F., x, 305-24, which is a careful study of the


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124 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)Nestorian Church History composedtowards the end of the sixth century by a priest from Bet-Arbaje.This was published by NAU in the Patrologia Orientalis, x, pt. 5, 1913, under the title, La secondepartiede Phistoire ccleiastiquede BarhadbedabbaArbaia,etc.G. BARDY in the Revueapologetique,XLII 1926), 643-51, 707-21, has published an article on La viechretienneaux iie et ive siMcles'apres es papyrus. The article is only known to me through a citation inAegyptus,ix, no. 6857. [See also ? 2.] For C. WESSELY'Sebervier Ostrakaaus Luxor see ? 3 above.Administration. An important article by M. CARY,A ConstitutionalInscriptionfrom Cyrene,appearsin J.H.S., XLVIII, 222-38. He agrees with TH. REINACH in dating it to 322-1 B.C., and examines thevarious provisionsexhaustively.Important also is U. WILCKEN'Sum Germanicus-Papyrus,n Hermes,LXIII, 8-65, which deals withthe organisationof corn-storage n Alexandria for export to Rome and local supply.J. ZINGERLE, R6misch-Militdrischesus Aegypten,with a Nachwortby U. WILCKEN, in Archiv, x, 5-13and 13-14, elicits some information from inscriptionsat Gebel-Tukhand Philae as to the employmentofRomantroops.In lus lapides transportandi,in Studi Bonfante, II, 17-18, C. WESSELYshows that permission forobtaining stone had to be got from the prefect.A. VONPREMERSTEINiscusses Die fiinf neugefundenenEdikte des Augustus aus Kyrene in Z. Sav.-Stift., XLVIII,419-531. See also ? 6.E. BICKERMANNn Beitrdge zur antiken Urkundengeschichte, in Archiv, IX, 24-46, deals with Jcroypaqf,oIKoyeveta, ErriKpiTLs,and AlyvT7TrtL.P. COLLOMP'S hancellerie et diplomatique des Lagides (see Journal, xiII, 107, xIv, 146) is reviewed byF. ZUCKER in Gnomon, IV, 380-4; and by F. B1LABEL n O.L.Z., xxxi, 1080-3.On Byzantine administration the most important publication is the second edition of Mdlle. G.ROUILLARD'SL'administration civile de l'tgypte byzantine,with a preface by Professor DIEHL. Paris,Geuthner, 1928. Pp. xv+268. (The former edition was of 242 pp.) The form and arrangement of thebook are unchanged, but illustrations have now been added, and in the words of Professor DIEHL, lepr6sent volume est une edition nouvelle largetnent completee par des recherches fort etendues." Theimportance of this study was generally recognisedwhen it first appeared, and this revision will be anessential work of referencefor all students of the history of Byzantine Egypt.H. BOTTn a dissertation of the university of Frankfurta. M. has dealt with Die Grundzigeder dio-kletianischenSteuerverfassung.Darmstadt, L. C. Wittich, 1928. Pp. 71. It is impossible in this place toanalyse the argument; it must suffice to state the author's conclusion: Diocletian'staxation system was"eine in sich geschlossene Einheit"-based upon a single unit, the caput. It is thereforemisleadingtodistinguish between a land-tax and a poll-tax: there is rather a single tax levied alike on produceandlabour. It may be noted that a new edition is reported of A. PIGANIOL'S 'Impot de capitationsous leBas-Empireromain. Paris, Geuthner,1928. Pp. 101. 20 fr.: see Gnomnon,v, BibliographischeBeilage 4/5,p. 28. At the moment of writing there comes to hand another work,obviouslyof great importance,onthe same subject: F. LOT,L'impotfoncier et la capitation personnellesous le Bas-Empire et 4a 'e'poquefranque. Paris, Champion,1928. Pp. 139.STADE'S work on Diocletian (Journal, xiII, 92-3) has been reviewed by J. VOGT n Hist. Z., cxxxVII,136-8; and by N. H. BAYNES n J.R.S., xvII, 124-5.

ERNSTSTEIN is writing a Geschichte esspdtromischenReiches n two volumes: vol. I has appearedandcarries the history of the Empire from A.D.284 to A.D.476. Seidel, Vienna. Pp. xxii+592, with 10 platesand 4 maps. Sewn M.26, bound M.30. This is specially valuable for political and administrativehistory,and the elaborate sections on the imperialhierarchyand the civil service should be particularlynoticed.The completenesswith which referenlceso the originalauthorities are given will render a great service toall students of the period1.Arab administration of Egypt has been consideredwith reference to the evidence of the papyri byA. S. TRITTONn Journ. of Roy. Asiatic Soc., 1928, 485-508, in a paper on Islam and the ProtectedReligions: Taxation,while F. DOLGER'Seitrage zur Geschichte er byzantinischenFinanzverwaltung, tc.,has been reviewedby H. I. B[ELL] in J.H.S., XLVIII, 14-16, who from the materialcontained in P. Lond.1 Thoughnotwrittenwith specialreferenceo Egypt,F. MARTROYE'Srticleon Lespatronages'agriculteurstde vici au Iveet au vesiecles, n Revuehistorique e droitfran9aiset etranger,4meserie,7eannde,201-48,mayhere be mentioned.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928) 125iv comparesthe administrativemethods of the Byzantine Empirewith those employed in the early periodof Arab rule in Egypt.Biography. In Journal, xiv, 246-60, W. W. TARNpublishes an interesting and suggestive lecture onPtolemyII

For Cyriland Nestoriussee above, Political history.Topography. J. MORR's rticle on Poseidonios, eine Quelle Strabons im xviI Buche in Philologus,LXXXIII,06-15, is useful for Egyptian geography.A. CALDERINI iscusses LocalitAdell' OssirinchiteEgitto) in'Rend. Ist. Lomb.,LviII, 529-36.C.WESSELYeviews H. RINK'sdissertation,Strassenund Viertelnamen on Oxyrhynchus,n Byz.-Neugr.Jahrb.,v, 245-6.Ev. BRECCIApublishes a French translation of his article Etiam periere ruinae ? (on Alexandria),contributedto the RaccoltaLumbroso,n Bull. Soc. Arch.d'Alex., no. 23, 355-69.In Suez and Clysma, n Journal, xiv, 277-9, J. J. HEss contends that Clysma, Al-Kulzum in Arabicauthors,did in fact lie near the modernSuez, against H. GUTHE'senial of this view.Chronology. The discussion mentioned in Journal, xmii,110, xiv, 147, is continued by A. STEIN,Observationsn the Chronologyof the Roman Emperors n thesecondhalf of the third century, n Journal,XIV,16-18; H. MATTINGLY, ote on theforegoing, ibid., 19; and J. G. MILNE,ChronologicalPitfalls, ibid.,20-1.For Egyptian chronologythe exhaustive treatise of W. KUBITSCHEK,rundrissder Antiken Zeitrech-nung, Miinchen,pp. vii + 241, is of great value: it is reviewedby A. C[ALDERINI]n Aegyptus,vmii,381;by R. LAQUEUR n D. Lit.-Z., 1928, 1122; by J. K. FOTHERINGHAMin J.R.S., xvii, 242-3; and in J.H.S.,XLVIII,57-9.E. MEYER'Sntersuchungenur Chronologieder erstenPtolemier (see Journal, xIII, 110; xiv, 147) isreviewed by G. CORRADIn Boll. Fil. Cl., xxxiv, 89-91; and by M. HOMBERTn Rev. Belge, vi, 369-71.R. WEIL'SBases, methodes,et resultats de la Chronologieegyptienneis reviewed by E. DRIOTONnJourn. Sav., 1928, 217-22.A. STEINuses the evidence of papyri in a paper, Zur Abfassungszeitder Grammatikdes Romanus, nHermes,LXIII, 80-1, touching the date of MariusSalutaris.In Yale Classical Studies, I, edited for the Department of Classics by AUSTINM. HARMON,ale Uni-versity Press, 1928; London, Milford, pp. 231-8, PRESCOTTW. TOWNSEND rites on The Chronology of.theyear 238 A.D. On the basis of the evidence of papyri as well as of literary and epigraphic sources heconcludesthat the course of events may be thus summarised:

Beginning of,the revolt in Africa ...... ... ... ca. March 19Proclamationof the Gordians as Augusti by the Senate ... ca. April 1Death of the Gordians n Africa ... ... ... ca. April 21Accession of Maximusand Balbinus ... ... ... ca. May 1Death of Maximinus .. .. . ... ... ... ca. May 17-23Death of Maximius nd Balbinus: accession of GordianIII ca. August 715. SOCIALIFE,EDUCATION,RT,ECONOMICISTORY,UMISMATICS,NDMETROLOGY.

General. Egypt fills a good deal of space in W. W. TARN'SHellenistic Civilisation, London, 1927,pp. 312, which gives a comprehensiveand readablesurvey of the period: it is reviewedby A. W. GOMMEin Cl. Rev.,XLII,75-6; and by J. G. M[ILNE]n J.H.S., XLVIII, 29.P. VIERECKas written an account of Philadelpheia: Die Grundungeinerhellenistischen Hilitdarkoloiein Aegypten,Leipzig, 1928, pp. 70, 10 plates: it is reviewed by H. I. BELL n Gnomon, v, 583-6; byC. 0. EDGARn Journal, xiv, 330; by P. GRAINDORn Rev. Belge, vII, 1111-13; and by P. COLLARTnJourn. Sav., 1928, 289-91; and in Rev.de Phil., s6r. III, II, 378-9.H. SCHNEIDERncludes chapters on Die Kulturder Hellenen and Die Kultur der RomerRomderundByzantiner n Die Kulturleistungender Menschheit,Bd. I, 273-442 and 442-519.W. OTTO'Sulturgeschichtesee Journal, xIII, 110; xiv, 147) is reviewed by L. WENGERn Archiv,ix,109-10.

1 It mayperhapsbe useful for the purposesof comparativetudy to refer to an elaboratepaperpublishednthe same volumeby GEORGE CLEAN ARPER,Jr. (pp.105-68)on Village Administration in the Roman Provinceof Syria.


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126 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)M. ROSTOVTZErFPSocial and Economic History (see Journal, xiii, 110; xiv, 147) is reviewed byM. GELZERn Byz. Z., 1927,387-9; by C. J. KRAEMERn Cl. Weekly,XXII,13-15; and by U. KAHRBTEDTin G.G.A.,cxc, 67-87.Social Life. R. CAGNAT as collected a number of essays under the title En pays Romain, Paris, 1927:no. 6, Indiscrdtionssur les .Egyptiensde l'epoqueRomaine, falls under the present head: the book isreviewed by A. ERNOUTn Rev. de Phil., s6r. nII,i, 387; and noticed by C. W. in Hist. Jahrb.,XLVIII,115.In Trans. Am.Phil. Ass.,LVIII,132-54, ETHEL . BREWSTERrites on A Weaver f Oxyrhynchus;Sketch

of a Humble Life in Roman Egypt, discussing the evidence as to the family of Tryphon, son of Dionysius.Two items in Chronique Sdgypte,IV,by CLAIREPRBAUXare Les Touristesen Egypte dans l'Antiquite,pp. 139-43; and Quelques aracteresdes lettrespriveesgrecquesd'gqypte,pp. 144-55: both are of a popularnature.M. RoSTOVTZEFFontributes an article on Greek Sightseers in Egypt to Journal, xIv, 13-15, dealingwith the Zenon papyrus published by BELL in Symb. Oslo. (see Journal, xIv, 141).E. BETHE'SAlexandria unter denersten Ptolemdern n Forschungenund Fortschritte, n, 22,170, shouldbe noted here.G. SEURE'SLes impromptus touristiques (see Journal, XIV, 148) is reviewed by S. R[EINACH] n Rev.Arch.,xxvi, 305.K. SCHMIDT'SDas griechischeGymnasium (see Journal, xIv, 148) is reviewed by W. OTTO n O.L.Z.,1928, 265-8.Finance, Agriculture,Industry. There are frequent referencesto Egypt in E. H. WARMINGTON, heCommerce etween he Roman Empire and India, Cambridge,1928,pp. x+417, which is a full and usefulcollection of evidence: it is reviewed by V. CHAPOTn Rev. et. anc., Xxx, 328-30; by S. R[EINACH] n Rev.

Arch., xxvIII, 173-4; and by M. P. CHARLESWORTHn J.R.S., xvII, 237-8.A. CALDERINI'Srqravpoi is reviewed by W. OTTOn O.L.Z., xxxI, 265-8; and by F. ZUCKERn Gnomon,Iv, 374-80.Banking in Egypt is dealt with in an elaborate article by J. DESVERNOS, anques et Banquiers dansl'Ancienne g2gypte,ous les Ptolemeeset la dominationRomaine,in Bull. Soc. Arch. d'Alex., no. 23, 303-48.W. L. WESTERMANN deals with Egypt at some length in an article On Inland Transportation andCommunicationn Antiquity in Polit. ScienceQuart.,XLIII, 64-87.G. M. HARPER discusses the Zenon correspondence in A Study in the Commercial Relations betweenEgypt and Syria in the Third CenturybeforeChrist n Am. Journ. Phil., XLIX, -35.0. GRABE'SDie Preisrevolution (see Journal, XIV,148) is reviewed by F. HEICHELHEIMn Z. f. Numism.,

XXXVIII,245-55.M. P. CHARLESWORTHiscusses The Periplus Maris Erythraei in Cl. Quart., xxII, 92-100, with referenceto its date and bearing on the history of Roman policy in the East.V. MARTIN'sLa fiscalite romaine (see Journal, xIII, 112; xiv, 148) is reviewed by M. HOMBERTn Rev.Belge, VI, 857-60.J. G. MILNEwrites on The CurrencyReformof PtolemyII in Anc. Egypt, 1928, 37-9.M. SCHNEBELxamines An AgriculturalLedger n P. Bad. 75 in Journal, xiv, 34-45.There is some evidence relating to the Graeco-Roman period in two articles by A. LuCAs: EgyptianUseof Beerand Wines n Anc. Egypt, 1928, 1-5; and Silver in Ancient Timesin Journal, xiv, 313-19.

CASPER. KRAEMER eals with TheSkin-cladsheepof Antiquity in Cl. Weekly,xxi, 33-5.For taxation in the Byzantine and Arab periodssee above in ? 4, Administration.Education,Science,and Art. W. R. DAWSONollects References o Mummificationby Greekand Latinauthorsin Aegyptus,ix, 106-12.R. HINKS describes A portrait of a Ptolemaic Queen in J.H.S., XLVIII,239-42.Reviews of two parts of ExpeditionErnst vonSieglin. Ausgrabungenn Alexandria: ii. Die griechisch-agyptische Sammlung are by W. OTTO f J. VOGT'STerrakotten in Gnomon, Iv, 257-62 and by G. LIPPOLDof talereiund Plastik in D. Lit.-Z., xxxi, 1515.From Lit. Zentralbl.I take a note of C. BULCKE,wig junge Kunst: Griech.-dgyptischeMumienbildnissein Die Gartenlaube,1928, 35-7.Numismaticsand Metrology. There is an exhaustive article by the late TH. REINACH'in Rev.gt.gr.,XLI,121-96. Du rapportde valeurdes mgtauxmonetairesdans Vl'gypteau tempsdes Ptolemees.A. SEaRi'S Circolazionemonetaria(see Journal, xiv, 148) is reviewed by F. HEICHELHEIMn Z. f.Numism., xxxviII, 245-55; and by A. CALDERINIn Aegyptus, vIII, 381-2.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMANEGYPT (1927-1928) 127E. T. NEWELL akes a careful analysis of TwoRecentEgyptian hoards-Delta and Keneh in Numism.Notes and Monographs,no. 33, New York, 1927, pp. 34.The currencies of Egypt under the Romans are noticed by H. MATTINGLYn his useful handbookon Roman Coinsfrom the earliest times to thefall of the WesternEmpire. London, 1927. Pp. xx+ 300,

64 plates.In Symb. Oslo.,vi, 69-74, H. HOLST ublishes Remarksconcerningsome of the Ptolemaic coins in theNumismaticCabinetof the University[of Oslo].

6. LAW.A. General.i. Bibliographies. P. MEYER'S JuristischerPapyrusberichtV (November1925 bis Oktober1927) hasappearedin Z. Sav.-Stift., LVIII, 87-633. E. PERROTas issued his annual Bulletin Bibliographique orthe whole of economic and legal history as supplements to Rev.hist. dr. fr. et etr. N.S., i and II. Thefirst instalment, covering roughly 1927, defers the lists of German and Italian works and the periodicalliterature; the second brings the periodical literature up to Dec. 1928. There are also the sectionsheadedDiritto e amministrazioneof A. CALDERINI'Smethodicalbibliographies n Aegyptus,viii, 226-8 andIx, 186-8. U. WILCKEN'srkunden-Referatn Archiv , 63-104, is of course of special importance tojurists, and the Testi recentementeubblicati in Aegyptus,vIII, 137-66, 339-50 and Ix, 129-42 are alsovery useful, though they wouldbe more so if dates of documents weregiven. At the end of a necrologyofP. F. GIRARDn Rev. hist. dr. fr. et etr., N.S., vII, 315-25, P. COLLINETrings up to date the bibliographyof GIRARDive inn tudes dhist. jur. ofertesa P. F. Girard (Paris, 1912), I, xi-xv. G. M. CALHOUNnd0. DELAMERE'SiworkingBibliography of Greek Law (Milford,1927) is pretty favourably reviewed byE. LEVYn Z. Sav.-Stift., XLVIII, 67-8, unfavourably by K. LATTEn Gnomon, V,458-9.ii. Legal History of Antiquity. In Archiv,IX, 104-18, L. WENGERresumes the conspectus of litera-ture left unfinishedby J. PARTSCH,bid., VII, 258-87 (1912-1923). The present Literaturibersicht (1914-1928) goes back a little in order to include some Italian work not covered by PARTScH,ut in view ofWILCKEN'SReferat it excludes texts, and in view of MEYER'S Berichtit is eclectic. This first instalment,headed AllgemeineDarstellungen.AntikeRechtsgeschichte,evelopes the doctrine that the history of the

legal systems of antiquity must be consideredas a whole, and that the broadeningof Romanlegal historyinto the legal history of antiquity is the most important task of the modern Romanist. This had alreadybeen urgedby WENGER ith great learning and eloquencein DerheutigeStand derromischenRechtswissen-schaft,a work which has been reviewedby F. DE ZULUETAn Journal, xIV,186; by B. KUBLERn Z. Sav.-Stift., XLVIII,659-62; by M. BESNIER n Journ. Sav., 1928, 250; by A. CALDERINI in Aegyptus, ix, 158-9;by F. LITTEN n O.L.Z., xxxI, 834-7; and by H. MITTEIS n Hist. Z., cxxxVIiI, 83-8. The most importantof these reviews is KUBLER'S,hich, while not unsympathetic, implies reserves.Of the Literaturiibersicht,o which we return, the core is WENGER'S wn review of this previousworktogether with that of an earlier lecture of L. MITTEIS'S,AntikeRechtsgeschichtend romanistischesRechts-studium (1917. 18. Heft der bitteil. des Vereins der Freunde des human. Gymn. in Wien). MITTEISisprima facie in direct opposition to WENGER. The question cannot be discussed here, but it may be men-tioned that S. RIccoBONohas published a vigorous defenceof MITTEIS'Spoint of view with a translationof his lecture in Annali del Semn.Giutr.di Palermo, 1928.In pursuance of the same idea the Literaturiibersicht lso deals with a numberof workslying strictlyoutside the scope of the present bibliography,thus W. OTTO'SKulturgesch.des Altertums(1925), Italianworks treating of the general problems of ancient legal history, particularlyE. CARUSI'Snd the livelycontroversythey have excited, R. TAUBENSCHLAG'Sas rom. Privatrechtzur Zeit Diokletians, and P. DEFRANCIscI'Sarticle (not seen) in Arch. Giur., 1925,L' azione degli elementi stranieri sullo sviluppoe sullacrisi del dir. rom. These fall, anyhow, outside our chronological limits; not so M. SAN NIcoLS'sDieStellung der Keilschrifturkundenn der vorderasiatischenRechtsentwicklungn Z. Sav.-Stift., XLVIII,21-50.We confine ourselves to Egypt. At the beginning (pp. 21-3) is a welcome summary of the pre-PtolemaicEgyptian evidence; at the end (pp. 41 ff.) we meet the conclusion that the breaking of the silence whichreigns in Egypt at the close of the eighth and the beginning of the seventh century B.C. s no accident,but is due to the reform of the law of contract attributedby Diodorus (I, 94, 5; I, 79, 1) to king Bocchoris.The question is thus raised of Persian influence on Egyptian private law, for example on marriage,as towhich see SANNICOLb'srticle chronicledlast year (Journal,XIV,152, iv).


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128 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT (1927-1928)The idea of antike Rechtsgeschichtelso underliesL. WENGER'Sie rechtshistorischePapyrusforschung.Ergebnisseund Aufgaben, published in Archivf. Kulturgesch.,xix, 10-44. The keynote is the centralposition of Egypt as the battlefieldof national, Greek and Roman law. We get the idea of Roman law asa great synthesis, though still Roman, culminating in Justinian. And similarly we must advance from

Rome, in Egypt through the Coptic and Arabian periods, to the Micdle Ages. This article forms anexcellent introduction to papyrologyfrom the juristic point of view.In the same orderof ideas is L. WENGER'Saudatoryreview, in B.Z., xxvni, 407-19, of H. MONNIER'SLes Novelles de Leon le Sage (Bibl. des Universite dluMidi, Fasc. xvin, 1923). It discusses the question ofRomanversusGreek and other influences in post-Justinian Byzantine law. As WENGER observes,modernRomanistic research has pushed the question back a stage earlier: how far is the Corpusluris itselfRoman or how far Byzantine? In the post-Justinian period the pendulum swings between Justinian'ssystem and native influences-Balkan, Slavonic, Caucasian,Oriental,etc., but the questions raised are notripe for solution. WENGER gives a glimpse of the views of the new Greekschool. MONNIER'S

Bibliography Graeco-Roman Egypt a. Papyri 1927-1928

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Transcript of Bibliography Graeco-Roman Egypt a. Papyri 1927-1928