BIBLIOGRAPHIC FORMAT;ISO 2709

SHAHIL TP&

SIVAKUMAR&

REJITHA M

They are the formats which are used to describe the arrangement or structure of computer readable record of bibliographic data.

Bibliographic formats;definition

Bibliographic data commonly contain•Fields; Different fields in a bibliographic data are title, name of author, subject, edition, publication data , physical description of the book , notes , standard numbers (ISBN, ISSN etc.)

Bibliographic data

Bibliographic Levels

• Serials.• Monographs.• Analytic.• Collection.

Bibliographic levels

• Monograph; An item that issued as a single physical piece. Ex; a book, thesis, report etc.

• Analytic; An item which is a part of a parent item. Ex; a chapter from a book, article from a journal etc.

• Serial; A publication issued periodically Ex; journals, magazines etc.

• Collection; An item issued in two or more physical pieces Ex; multivolumed encyclopedia.

Bibliographic levels

Bibliographic Standards

• Bibliographic Description -Cataloguing Codes - ISBDs - AACR - CCC etc• Unique Identification Codes – ISBN; ISSN;

etc

Fields; fields are title, author, subject, edition etc.

Repeatable field ; an entity occurs more than once in a field. ◦ Ex: 2nd author, 3rd author

Subfield; a separately identifiable part of a field. ◦ Ex: Publication data is a field;

Place of Publication, Name of the Publisher, Date of Publication are subfields.

Fields

Exchange of Data

• Effective exchange of bibliographic data between agencies can be accomplished only if the records confirm in respect of these components such as the structure, the content designators and the data elements.

The following are various tools (Application softwares) which are used for managing bibliographic data.

Bibliographic Data Management Software Library Automation Software Information System Management Software.

Bibliographic format; Tools

International bibliographic Formats

• ISO 2709• UNIMARC• MARC21• CCF

It is an International format for information interchange.

It was developed for the exchange of bibliographic record on magnetic tapes.

ISO 2709

History & development• Developed by Henriette avram in late 1960’s.• First version was published in 1973.• Revised and second edition was published in 1981.• Latest version is ISO 2709:2008

•Its American counterpart is called as ANSI Z39.2

ISO 2709;Elements

• It Consists of 4 elements.1. Record label2. Directory3. Bibliographic data fields4. Record separator

Record Label

• Contains data that identify to the system, the type of record contains information necessary for the processing of the record such as the total number of characters in the record and the length of various elements of the record.

• 24 Characters fixed length field to every record.• Contains various subunits and each have value(s)

according to the record.

Directory

• Contains ‘content designator’ for each data field followed by an indication of the position in the record where the data relating to that field start and the length of the field.

• If a field is repeated, it has two entries in the directory, one for each appearance.

Directory - StructureTag Length of

the Data Field

Starting Character Position

Segment Identifier

Occurrence Identifier

3 characters 4 characters 5 Characters 1 character 1 Character

A three character code identifying the data field which corresponds to directory entry

A four-digit number showing how many characters are occupied the data field, including indicators and data field separator but excluding the record separator code if the data field is the last field in the record.

A five-digit number giving the position of the first character of the data field relative to the base address of data, i.e. the first character of the first of the data field

A single character (chosen from 0-9 and/or A-Z) which designates the data field as being a member of particular segment

A single character (chosen from 0-9 and A-Z) which differentiates multiple occurrences of the data fields that carry the same tag within the same record segment

Data Field

• The last components are the form and content of the data elements, varies according to the ‘cataloguing rules’ used as well as according to the way the different data elements prescribed by the rules and divided up and separately identified by the format.

• A variable-length portion of the particular category of data associated with one entry in the directory. A data field may contain one or more subfield.

Data Field - Structure

Indicators Subfield Identifier

Subfield Field Separator

2 characters

2 characters

Variable 1 Character

the final character of each record. This will always be a single character.

Record separator

Content Designators

• represented in most bibliographic formats by Tagsindicators subfield codes.

• Different agencies have theirs own content designators.

• It is possible to convert the content designators automatically in order to convert data from one format to another.

Tags

• Three digit numeric value used as identifier known as tag .

Indicators

• Indicators, where they are used, appear at the beginning of each field in the data portion of the record.

• They often qualify the tag.

Subfield Codes

• Subfield Identifier – a characters preceding with a subfield code. For example, ‘$’ sign is used as subfield identifier in UNIMARC

• Subfield Code – a character preceding and identifying a subfield. For Example, subfield ‘a’ is title proper in the ‘title and statement of responsibility’

Example

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