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, , Elaine Showalter , Towards a Feminist Poetics ( Contemporary Literary Criticism. Modernism through Poststructuralism, R.C.Davis, Longman, New York - London, .167-181 , Feminist Criticism. Essays on Women, Literature, Theory, E. Showalter, New York, Pantheon Books 1985) Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness ( Feminist Criticism. Essays on Women, Literature, Theory, .., . 243-270). Towards a Feminist Poetics, () . Showalter Boyers (1977) .

- ' - . A , , , , , . Y , . K , , , . H Annette Colodny () , Ann Ardis .

, Showalter . A - -, , Judith Fetterly, The Resisting Reader, , () , . Fetterly, , , , ,

, Showalter, , . ( ) , , , . Showalter, . , , , () . A , , .

Showalter, 1975, , Sandra Gilbert. Gilbert , , , , Yale X. , . , , :

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. , , . Dale Spender, , Women and Literary Theory - - . Ian Watt, The Rise of Novel Jane Austen, . Spender . , Austen (1775-1817), . Austen , , .

, Watt, , . Spender : 18 19 . . , Matilda Joslyn Gage . Lawrence, Scott Fitzgerald, Thomas Hardy , .. , ..

Spender, , Virginia Woolf. : , , , . [] [] , [] . . , , , [] .

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. , . H Virginia Woolf, , , Andrienne Rich , Carolyn Heibrun Joan Kelly . , Sandra Gilbert .

H Lillian Robinson, Treason Our Text. Feminist Challenges to the Literary Canon, , , : . , . , , , () . Robinson : , , . .

Y () . M , - - . A , , . . , . , , . , , : .

, Patrocinio Schweickart, , , ( ) . , Schweickart : , . , .

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. Elaine Showalter, Towards a Feminist Poetics, :

) M , , . Showalter . . T , , . H , , :

B) H , , , , . T . T . Showalter Fanny Fern , .

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Elaine Showalter . H Showalter, Towards a Feminist Poetics, , , :

1) 1840-1880, Feminine phase. , . T .

2) 1880-1920, Feminist phase, . O , () .

3) 1920 , Female phase. (1 ) (2 ) - - , , , .

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Showalter, A Literature of Their Own, . , (sensation novel), , . , . , , , . , . , .

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1. ( ). , . , .. . Gilbert Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic. . , , , . K , . , Gilbert Gubar . , , , .

Showalter Gilbert Gubar . Harold Bloom, . , .

H Gilbert, Literary Paternity, , , , . Gerard Manley Hopkins , . . H ( , pen penis).

, , , . , Harold Bloom, Ben Johnson, , . : / , , , .

E , - - ; E / , . - , , , : , .

'A , William Gase, , Griswold, , , . Germaine Greer . O , , -, , . . l criture fminine, Kristeva, Irigaray, Cixous Witting, , (, , , , ) . , , . H Kristeva . E , , : , , , . Kristeva, .

H Irigaray , , jouissance (), . H Witting , , , . E , . H Cixous, Kristeva, T Z . E . O Kristeva, Irigaray Cixous . , , jouissance, . , .

. , . , ; ; H , . Jones, , - . H , . T . H .

Jones, Kristeva, Irigaray, Cixous Witting, , . , Jones , . H , , .

2. : O , , , . H Andrienne Rich (oppressors language), . Nelly Furman , , . Xavire Gauthier, , , , , . H Mary Jacobus , . Shoshana Felman , : ; , () , ; , ; ;

, , . O Robert Graves The White Goddess , . . , , .

, : ; , , ; , . . , , , , . . , , . , .

3. : Showalter, , . Y , , , , , . O Gilbert Gubar The Madwoman in the Attic , . 19 . , .

. A , . H Miller , , , . , . H Nancy Chodorow . H : , . T , , , . A, , , .

O O , . . , , ( , empathy) .

4. : M , , ( ) . H Gerda Lerner : , .

18 19, . , , . , . B , . . : .

O Shirley Edwin Ardener . O , . , . , . . - - . O Ardener (), , . O (, ) , , . , Ardener , . T , .

Ellen Moers heroinism, , , , , . . , , , , , , Nina Auerbach.

2

, , 70 Lissa Paul , .

Childrens Literature Association Quarterly ( 1982, 7, 4) . , Elizabeth Francis, Lois Kuznets, Elizabeth Segel Virginia Wolf, , , (, , The Madwoman in the Attic) .

, , Lissa Paul Margaret Higonnet. H Higonnet Diffusion et dbats du fminisme . , (criture fminine et littrature de jeunesse), La politique dans la cour de rcration: la critique fministe et la littrature enfantine , , . , Higonnet : -- , : ) ) ) .

, , , Elaine Showalter. U. Knoepflmacher Nina Auerbach, Jack Zipes .

. Higonnet , , , . , , . , . 18 . Higonnet . B 18 19 .

Ellen Moers, , , , Margaret Ezell ( 17 ), , . Ezell , . 17 , . , , . , , .

Higonnet, , 18 19 . Nodelman, , , , Higonnet . , , , -, - . , , . , , . , , . Higonnet Paul, , .

, , . Higonnet , , .

. , . E 17 18 , , 18 19 , . Newbery .

Higonnet, Patrick Lee Nancy Gropper : , , , . M , , , , .

Elizabeth Segel. 1960, . : , , . . .

Nancy Huse, , , . O, - - , . , , , , .

. Jane Tompkins, , X M , -, , , , , . - (sentimental fiction)- : , . , ( ) , .

H Tompkins : 19 , , . H - , . , . H . , Tompkins, . , , , . H , , , , , .

, Lissa Paul, , . , Enigma Variations: What Feminist Theory Knows About Childrens Literature ( Childrens Literature. The Development of Criticism ( P. Hunt), Routledge, London - New York 1990: 148-166) , Reading Other-Ways (The Thimble Press, Woodchester 1998) , , , . International Companion Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature , , .

Paul . , , , . , Colodny, (delicate divergency), Patricia Meyer Spacks, , Paul. . , , . , , , , , , . , , .

, Reading Other-Ways, , , , . Paul , - (post-colonial), . . Paul, , :

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Feminist Criticism: From Sex-Role Stereotyping to Subjectivity ( International Companion Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature) , . Paul : (, , ), .

, , , , , . , , , : ( Edward Salmon 1888), , ( Nina Auerbach, 1978).

, , Mitzi Meyers . Maria Edgeworth, , , , Mary Wollstonecraft , , .

, Paul Le Guin, Earthsea. , , , 17 , , : , , Tenar, , , .

. , , . , , , . , , .

70, , . 1970 , 1980 (gender studies) 1990 - (post-colonial studies) (cultural studies).

, , Lissa Paul, . , , - , : , Claudia Nelson Kimberley Reynolds, , , , .. - criture fminine Christine Wilkie-Stibbs.

3

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, , , , . , , . : . , , , . Peter Hollindale Signs of Childness in Childrens Books (Thimble Press, Lockwood 1997).

. , . , , , 1960 1970. , , , , , . , , . , , .

, , . , .

4

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, . , , , . , , Sandra Beckett () Transcending Boundaries. Writing for a Dual Audience of Children and Adults .

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T , Grimm, . H , , . O . 70. , Andrea Dworkin, : , . , , , . , , . , , , , , , .

Dworkin , , , . Dworkin , , , ( ) , , . Ruth Bottigheimer , , .

H Bottigheimer Grimm, , , . H Bottigheimer Grimm , .

. . H ' . , , , . A, . . T , , , . T , . H Bottigheimer , , , .

. , , . , , , . , , . E Bottigheimer , , . , , . Grimm, , .

Bottigheimer Christa Kamenetsky : , , , o . A Kamenetsky , Bottigheimer , , .

H Maria Tatar Bottigheimer. Grimm , . T , , . , . E , , . T Tatar , , : , , Bruno Bettelheim, , Max Lthi.

The Classic Fairy Tales . , Joseph Jacobs , o Perrault , Grimm Afanasev . , , . Anne Sexton, , , .

Rowe, . , , , , , . . , . , , .

O Jack Zipes, , , Grimm, . X , , .

Grimm . M , , , , : , , . O , , , .

O Zipes . M Grimm , Grimm, , . A , , , .

Alison Lurie , . . - Grimm- , . Lurie . . , , . , .

, , . Grimm, Karen Rowe : Grimm , , . , . , , , , , , . Rowe Ardener , , , .

Yvonne Verdier K, . H Verdier , Perrault Grimm , 19 . , , , .

K- . K, , : . T , , . K, , . T , , , .

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, , , . Kay Stone , 1975, , , . , . Jane Yolen, , (1977) . , . 17 , Perrault, , Grimm.

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Hilary Crew : , .. , , , .

O Jack Zipes . , , , . Dont Bet on the Prince. Contemporary Fairy Tales in North America and England ( ), : . , , .

. . Zipes , , , .

- , , . Sandra Beckett, , : - , , . - . Beckett, , . Crew, . .

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, Grimm, Bruno Bettelheim - : , ( ) . . , . Bettelheim, , , , . . , , , . , , , , , .

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The frog prince continued (O ) Jon Scieszka , . H , : , , . , . ( ), ( 1).

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Princess Smartypants Babette Cole. , . , , . : -, , , , () . , Swashbuckle, . , , . .

, , Smartypants. , , . : . , , , , . Smartypants Babette Cole.

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6

, . 1972, Lenore Weitzman American Journal of Sociology, . , . .

Weitzman, 1972, : , , . , , , . Weitzman , , , .. , , - .

1994 , Adela Turin , 3-4 . , , . H . O , , , , , , . , Turin . T , , , , , .

Turin , . , , . , , . , .

, , . , , .

John Berger . . . , . , . : .

, , / , , . . Perry Nodelman , . , , . Trina Schart Hyman , .

Hyman . , , , . . Nodelman , .. , , . , , , , .

. , . , . . .

Gilbert Gubar, , , , : , , , , . , , . , , , . , , : , , , . . , . , , , . .

, (, , , , , ) . . , . , . , , . , .

Gilbert Gubar - , . , . , . . - , -, . ( ) () () : .

, , . . , , , , , , ( 2). , , : ( 3, 3). , , , . . , . , . , , .

, Grimm, Trina Schart Hyman. , , - . . : . , , , . , . , , : , ( 4). Trina Schart Hyman , , . , , , , , Lissa Paul ( 5).

, , , . , , Hyman. , , , : ( 6). , . , , , . , , .

, , The Serpent Slayer and Other Stories of Strong Women ( - ). Katrin Tchana Trina Schart Hyman. , (Clever Marcela) , : . Schart Hyman : , , . , , , , ( The Rebel Princess/ -): , , ( 7).

7

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, , , , , . . , , , ( 10). . 70, . .

Tony Ross, , . . , , .

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, , , . : , ( 12). , , . : , , . . , ! [] .

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O Anthony Browne , , , . . , . . , . , , , . .

My Mom , . , , , , , , . , , ( 13), , ( 14). , , , - .

Anthony Browne Piggybook, , - . Browne , . : . , ( 15).

, Piggott. , Piggott, , . , . , , , , , , , . : , , . William Moebius , , . , .

4 Piggott, , , 3 ( 16). .

, , , , , , . , , , , . .

, , Piggott , , Piggott , : , , . , , . , - ( 17).

, , . , , Piggott . . Piggott , .

, , , . : . , , . , , , . Piggott. , , . , Piggott : , Piggott , , , .

; , , ( 18). - , . Moebius, , Piggott , , . , , . , .

8

, , , , , . , , . , 19 . , , , , .

, - -, - , Jane Austin, Bronte, George Eliot Virginia Woolf. , Woolf. , , , .., . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , , .

19 - : , . , , , , , , . .

, , . , , , : 19 30 .

, , . Crew, , , , , -, , . Lissa Paul , , . , Paul , . . , , .

Roberta Seelinger Trites, , , . , , , , - - . Seelinger Trites Crew, , , . , : , . /, . , Seelinger Trites .

, . Judi Roller , . , . . , , , . , Seelinger Trites . , , .

, Seelinger Trites, : , , , -. .

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, , , . . Carolyn Heibrun A / ndrogyny . , , , , . , Seelinger Trites, , , . , . , , , , . .

. Ruth Bottigheimer , ( ) . , , . , 8-9 , 13-14, , .

Evans , , , . , . Evans .

H , , , . , , . , , . Seelinger Trites : , , .

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. H 19 20 . , , . O Philippe Lejeune : , , .

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, Seelinger Trites . . Bildungsroman, Kunstlerroman, . Kunstlerroman . Kunstlerroman, , , .

Jo March ( Louise Alcott) , , . , , Kunstlerroman, . , . , , . , : . [ ] . [] , . . . , .

, . . , - -, , . , , , . , . , . , , . Kathleen Chamberlain, .

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Seelinger Trites, , - : . , , () . , , . - , , , , , .

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, , , , , . , . , , , . , , . , , . , , . . - - , , . .

-

, . - - -, . Adrienne Rich, . , , . , - ( ) - (, ), -.

, -, ( ) . Mitzi Meyers, , , ( ) Wollstonecraft, . , . Anita Clair Fellman , , Meyers, . Adrienne Kertzer, , . Kertzer , , , , . : .

Seelinger Trites , - - . , .

- : ( ) . ( ) .

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, , . : , ; . , . , , , . , - . : - , ! , , .

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, , , , . , , , , . Aids. , , , . . : . , , ; . , . . . . , , , . .

9

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( , )

, . , -, . , , , , , . : 1) , , , . 2) , , . 3) .

- , R. W. Connell: , . Judith Butler , . Reynolds, ( , ), , .

Connell , , , , . , , , / . Connell , , , .

, . : 1) . , , , . 2) , , , , . 3) 4) .

gender- , , , , . , , . , . , , .

, , Connell, , , , . Connell , , . , . , , , , , .

Badinter, , . , , , , . , . , , , . : , . , . , Marlboro.

Connell, , , . , , .

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1930 1960. , , , , , . , .

Jung , . , Connell, , Jung , , . , .

, . , , ( ) , . , . , , , . , ( , , , Horney), Nancy Chodorow Dorothy Dinnerstein - , .

, Chodorow , ( ), , . , . . , . , .

. 1890 . 20 , ( ) (sex roles), ( ) . , . , . , , .

, Connell, , . , , , . , , . , , , .

. . .

, . 70 , , . , , , , 20 , . Malinowski Margaret Mead , , .

David Gilmore . : ; ; , . , . Gilmore : , , , , , . , .

, , , . , . , , . , lisabeth Badinter, , , Simone de Beauvoir, , .

, , : , , , . , Judith Butler, , , , . , .

, .

, . , , . (cultural studies) , . Kenneth Kidd . , Michael Gurian, The wonder of boys: What parents, mentors and educators can do to shape boys into exceptional men (1997) William Pollack, Real boys: Rescuing our sons from the myths of boyhood (1998) , , , . Gurian , , , , . Gurian , , . . Gurian .

Nodelman , Gurian: Gurian - -, ( ), , . Kidd , Gurian , . , Gurian , , , . Nodelman Gurian , .

Pollack, , Gurian, . , , . , . , , . Pollack, , , Pollack . , , Kidd, Pollack , , , , .

20 20 boyology (/ ), 1916 Henry William Gibson, biology/. Gibson 20 ( ), , .. , . . , , , .., . , . , . , boyology, : .

. , , , , , , . . , . , . , . , , . .

Fiske, , : , , , , . . , . , , , . . , , . Fiske , , , , , . Fiske 20 , , , .

, . , , . , - . , ( ). - Robert Bly , Iron John (1990). Bly . , , : , , , [] .

, Rotundo. 19 , , , . , , . , , . , , , , .

10

.

, , , , , . , Childrens Literature Association-Quarterly, Childrens Literature Childrens Literature in Education Dennis Butts Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature, : Ways of Being Male. Representing Masculinities in Childrens Literature and Film John Stephens Kenneth Kidd, Making American Boys: Boyology and the Feral Tale (2004). : . , : - , ; : , .

. , : . , (, ) . Perry Nodelman , . Nodelman : , , , . , .

, . , T, , . , Nodelman, , , , . .

. , , , , . A . Nodelman , . , , . , - . . . Nodelman . , , .

, , -. , , , . , , -. . .

Nodelman, , , , . , , . , . Nodelman , , , , : . , , , . , .

Mallan, , . Solomon-Godeau, : , . Mallan , Connell , , , , , .. , . , , , , , . , , , .

, . , , , , , . , . , , Mallan, . , , . , , .

, Hollindale , . , . Hollindale Stephens . , , , , , .

, . Elaine Showalter Lissa Paul , . , , .

- , : , , , , , . , , , . .

, , - . ( ) , - , , , Nodelman.

, , , . O Lacassin : [. ], . , , , . . , , .

Joseph Campbell , . Campbell, , . : . . [] , , , . [] , . , , , .

Campbell Jung . Jung , , , .

, , . , , , . : ( , [] , , . [] , , : . , , . .

, Connell, , , , . , , . - , . , , ( ) ( ). , -, , . , , , , , .

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