Biblical Literature Lecture 06 Wisdom and Poetic Books
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Transcript of Biblical Literature Lecture 06 Wisdom and Poetic Books
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WISDOM AND POETIC
BOOKS
Biblical Literature
Dr. David Battle
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FORM CRITICISM
Hermann Gunkel
1862-1932
A Literary Form or “genre” have
• Common style and structure
• Common sensibility and mood, or tone.
• Common life context.
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FORM CRITICISM
The goal is use the clues in specified
form or “genre” of a literary work to
identify the Zitz im Leben or “the life
setting” of the form.
Hermann Gunkel
1862-1932
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GUNKEL’S FORMS
Newspaper Article
Obituary
Lawsuit
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• Hymns of Praise
• Hymns of Laments
• Royal Palms
• Entrance Liturgies
GUNKEL-FORM CRITICISM
Community
Individual
Psalms were used in temple worship.
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FROM CRITICISM
There is no single universal
system of classification of
Forms and many overlap.
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Lament Psalms
Wisdom Palms
Royal Psalms
Messianic Psalms
Psalms of Ascent
Penitential Psalms
Imprecatory Psalms*
WISDOM AND POETIC
COMMON FORMS
Psalm 60
Psalm 1
Psalm 2
Psalm 22, 110
Psalm 120-136
Psalm 51
Psalm 137
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A SURVEY OF WISDOM
AND POETIC BOOKS
Biblical Literature
Dr. David Battle
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WISDOM AND POETIC
BOOKS: PART ONE
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Books of Wisdom
• Practical Wisdom
• Philosophic Wisdom
Psalms:
Song of Solomon
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Philosophical Wisdom:
• Job
• Ecclesiastes
Practical Wisdom:
• Proverbs
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Psalms:
• Five Books or collections of Psalms.
• Books One (Psalms 1-41)
• Book Two (Psalms 42-72)
• Book Three (Psalms 73-89)
• Book Four (Psalms 90-106)
• Book Five (Psalms 107-150)
• Opening: Psalms 1 & 2
• Closing Doxologies
• Climatic Doxologies (Psalms 146-150)
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Psalms:
• Sub collection of Psalms
• Three Collection of Davidic Psalms
• Two Collections from the Sons of Korah
• Two Collections of Congregational Praise.
• Asaph Collection
• Hallelujah Psalms
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Song of Solomon (SS 2:7; 3:5; 8:4)
• A Wedding Poem
• Used metaphorically for the relationship between
God and His people.
• Israel
• Church
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Poetic literature is aesthetic and emotive.
Bishop Robert Lowth (1710-1787)
• Lectures on Hebrew Poetry, 1787
• Synonymous Parallelism
• Antithetical Parallelism
• Synthetic Parallelism
Robert Lowth
1710-1787
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UNDERSTANDING
POETIC STRUCTURES
Biblical Literature
Dr. David Battle
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SYNONOMUS
(Psalm 24:1-2 ESV)
[24:1] The earth is the LORD's and the fullness thereof,
the world and those who dwell therein,
[2] for he has founded it upon the seas
and established it upon the rivers.
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ANTITHETICAL
(Prov. 1:8 ESV)
[8] Hear, my son, your father’s instructions,
And forsake not your mother’s teaching. *
* “Torah” or law.
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SYNTHETIC
(Psalm 1:1-2 ESV)
[1:1] Blessed is the man
who walks not in the counsel of the wicked,
nor stands in the way of sinners,
nor sits in the seat of scoffers;
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WISDOM AND POETIC
Other poetic common structures and devices.
• Inclisio (Psalm 8:1,9)
• Acrostic
• Psalm 119
• Chiasmus
• Psalm 1:2
• Psalm 8
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CHIASMUS: PSALM 1:3
A but his delight is
B in the law of the LORD,
B’ and on his law
A’ he meditates day and night.
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CHIASMUS: PSALM 8
God’s Excellent Name [8:1a]:
O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth!
God’s Excellent Name: [9]
O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth!
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CHIASMUS: PSALM 8
God’s Rule In the Heavens:
[1b] You have set your glory above the
heavens.[2] Out of the mouth of babies
and infants, you have established strength
because of your foes, to still the enemy
and the avenger.
Humanity’s Rule on the Earth:
[6] You have given him dominion
over the works of your hands; you
have put all things under his feet,
[7] all sheep and oxen, and also the
beasts of the field, [8] the birds of
the heavens, and the fish of the sea,
whatever passes along the paths of
the seas.
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CHIASMUS: PSALM 8
Humanities Smallness: [3] When I look at your heavens, the
work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have set in
place,
• The Central Question of the Psalm: [4] what is man that you are
mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?
Humanities Greatness: [5] Yet you have made him a little lower
than the heavenly beings* and crowned him with glory and honor.
* Heb. “gods” or Lxx. “angles”