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―Should trees have standing? Towards legal rights for natural objects‖, Southern

California Review, Vol.45, 1972, p. 456.

Tope T.K, ―Supreme Court of India and Social Jurisprudence‖, (1988) 1 SCC

(Jour)8.

Thirumoorthy Paramasivam, ―Taking professional care of the nature‖. The

Environmental audit,The changed accountant, August 2002,p 148-155

U.N. Monthly Chronicle, Vol. XXXI. No.3 (Sep, 1994), P.70-71.

U.N. Monthly Chronicle, Vol. XII. No.5 (May 1975), P.34.

WHO (1966), ―Noise, An occupational Hazard and public Nuisance‖, Public Health

papers, 30.

William H.Matthews, ‗Environmental analysis and policy planning‘, Bioscience‘, Vol. 29, No. 2

(1979) 23 at 25.

Year book of International Environmental Law (1990) p. 429.

LIST OF NEWS PAPERS

―Asia‘s Next Crisis‖ by K. Sukumaran, The Indian Express, September 17, 1998, p.8.

B. Seshadri, ‗The Earth Summit and After‘; The Hindu, 16th

August, 1992, Magz. Sec.

IV.

B.Seshadri, ‗The Earth Summit and After‘, The Hindu, 16th

August, 1992, Magazine

Section IV.

Bal Krishna, ―Judicial Activism Alarms Legislators‖, The Hindustan Times,

December 9, 1996, p. 9.

‗Coastal Zone Rules to be amended soon‘, Economic Times, New Delhi, 13 Nov

1996.

Charles. J. Hanley, ‗Earth Summit lends few answers to troubled planet‘, The Sunday

Time of India, 14, 29 June 1997.

Charles. J. Hanley, ‗Rio spirit is dying, say environmentalist‘, The Times of India, 27

June 1997.

Elmer Dewitt, ‗Summit to Save the Earth; Rich Vs Poor‘, Time, 1st June, 1992, p.32.

―Environment appellate authority setup‖, The Tribute, 9, 18 – 1- 98.

―Experts Differ on Correctness of Judicial Activism‖, The Times of India, January 13,

1997, p. 4.

Indur M. Goklani and Merritt W. Sprague, ‗Limits on Technology Would Hurt

Biodiversity‘, USA Today, November, 1992, p. 29.

Jana Kalyan Das, ―When Legislators Tame Judiciary‖, The Indian Express, March 5,

1997, p. 6.

‗Judicial activitsm and Democracy‘, BY Anil Divan, The Hindu, Monday, April 02,

2007.

―Judiciary should not expand its role: Experts‖, The Hindustan Times, October 14,

1996, p. 6.

Lata, S. ―Give Earth a Chance‖, The Hindu, Wednesday, June 5, 2002.

Neena Vyas, ‗It is Time Pay Up ‗, The Hindu, 14th

June, 1992, Magazine Section.

Paul Lewis, ‗Poor Vs Rich in the Rio‘, New York Times, 3rd June, 1992,l p. A 3.

Priscilla Jebaraj, ―India plays a key role in Bali negotiations‖, The Hindu, 16 Dec

2007.

Rajinder Sacher, ―Judges as Governors‖, The Indian Express, August 4, 1999, p. 8.

Reddy C.R, ―A tired reprise of Rio‖ in The Hindu, Chennai, august 31, 2002, p.10.

―Saving the Climate at Bali‖, The Hindu, Editorial, 17 Dec 2007

―Shekhar Decries Judicial Activism‖, The Times of India, January 14, 1998, p. 1;

―The core of Justice Verma‘s judicial philosophy‖ in The Indian Express January 23,

1998, at p. 7.

S. B. Jaisinghani, ―It is Judicial Assertion‖, The Indian Express, December 23, 1998,

p. 6.

Sakina Yusuf Khan, ―Is Judicial Activism going too far‖, The Sunday Times of India,

December 1, 1996, p. 19;

Shekhawat, ‗Irritated by Centre‘s Move to Amend Forest Act‘, Indian Express,

Bombay, 1 feb 1995;

Shourie H. D, ―Should P.I.L. be Curbed?‖, The Times of India, February 23, 1997, p.

18.further details, see under heading ―Evolution at a Glance‖.

Sunderlal Bhahuguna, ―Technology V. Ecology‖, The Hindusthan Times, Feb 9,

1986.

T. Thiruvengadam, ―A Case of Institutional Conflict‖, The Hindu, April 27, 1999, p.

21.

The Indian Express , January 5, 1997, at p. 6.

Upendra Baxi, ―Legal Activism: Judicial Tryst with Indian Destiny.‖, The Times of

India, August 19, 1997, p. 12;

LIST OF DOCUMENTS AND REPORTS

Air (prevention & control of pollution ) Act ( New Delhi : , Government of

India, 1981), sec 2.

Ashish Koithari, ―Biodiversity Convention for Those Vanishing Species‖, Survey of

the Environment, The Hindu, 1993.

Ashish Kothari, ‗Sustainable Development‘, The Hindu Survey of the Environment,

2002.

CBD 1992. Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992,

reprinted in 31 International Legal Materials (1992.

Citizen‘s report, Published in 1982 by the centre for science and Environment, New

Delhi, Resolution

Convention on Biological Diversity, International Legal Materials, 1992.

Convention on the Law of Treaties, Vienna, 23 May 1969, reprinted in 8

International Legal Materials 1969.

Council of Europe, The European Social Charter, October 18, 1961, 529 U.N.T.S. 89.

CSD in response to chapter 38 of Agenda 21 has come into existence on 16 February

1993 as a commission of the ECOSOC pursuant to Art. 68 of UN Charter – See UN

Gen. Assembly Res. 47/191, 22nd

December 1992.

Department of Environment, Annual Report, 1982-83.

Documents of Agenda 21, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment

and Development, 1992.

Documents of Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Climate Change

Convention, Biodiversity Convention and Non-binding Principles on Forestery,1992

‗Environment and Development and Environmental management‘, UNEP Report,

Nairobi, 1978-1.

‗Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development‘, Legal Principles and

Recommendations (WCED), London, 1987, p.1.

Environment ( protection ) Act, 1986 ; Sec 3 ( 2 ) statement of objects and

reasons of the Environment (protection ) Act 1986.

Environment Protection Act, 1990 of the U.K. Sec 1 (2)

Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ‗Latin American Style of Development and their limits in

Center for International Development‘ (CID)

Framework Convention on Climate Change- Secretariat (UNFCCC), Feb 2005

General Assembly Resolution 2398 (XXIII) on Dec 1968.

Indian Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Sec 2 (a)

Legal Principle Environment Protection and Sustainable Development, Article 4.

Manmohan Singh (Minister of Finance, Government of Inida), Environment and the

New economic policies.

Ministry of Environment & Forests, Notification No.775 (E), dated November

11, 1997, published in the Gazette of India, part II, section 3 ( i i ), dated 11th

November 1997, pp.6 – 16. No 629

Ministry of Environment and forests annual report 1993 -94 ( New Delhi ) p. 9

Ministry of Environment & forests; Annual report : 1986 – 87, p. 10

Ministry of Environment and forests, Annual Report 1995-96, p.138.

Ministry of Environment and Forests, Annual Reports 1991-92 and 1995-96(New

Delhi)

Nairobi Declaration on State of the Worldwide Environmental adopted on 19th

May,

1982, 21 ILM, Volume 21, 1982pp 676 – 678.

National Environment Appellate authority Act, 1997 of the General Assembly.

41/128 dated 4th

Dec, 1986.

Planning Commission, fourth five year plan 1974-79;ch.2(New Delhi 1969), fifth

five year plan (1974-79) part II New Delhi (1974) p.138, sixth five year plan, 1980-

85, (New Delhi 1980), seventh five year plan; 1985-90(New Delhi) chapter 18, Eight

five year plan (1992-97) vol II. (New Delhi 1992) p.100, ninth five year plan (1998-

2002) vol II. (New Delhi 1998) chapter 8, tenth five year plan (2002-07) vol II. (New

Delhi 2002) chapter 9, eleventh five year plan (2007-12) vol I. (New Delhi 2006 Dec)

chapter 3.

Presidential Notification, doc.no.cd-1016/80,1,Nov,1980.

Report of the Preparatory Committee for the UN Conference on the Human

Environment,

Report of the Preparatory Committee for the UN Conference on the Human

Environment, UN Doc, A/CONF/48/PC/9 (1971) p7.

Report of the WCED, Our Common Future (Oxford and New York, Oxford

University Press, 1987), at 348.

Report to UNEP on the Seminar on the ‗Relationship between Environment and

Development‘, UNEP/GC (IV) Info (1976) p 95

Resolution 35/75 of 5 December 1980 of General Assembly.

See U.N. General Assembly, World Charter for Nature A/Res 137/7; 1982.

‗The Environment in 1982, Retrospect and Prospect‘ and ―The World Environment

1972 to 1982 A Report by the United Nations Environmental Programme‘.

―The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Fourth Session, Report

of the Secretary General, New York, 6 – 10, March, 1972, A. Conf. 48/PC/15, pp. 99

– 103.

44th Amendment Bill, Lok Sabha debate, Vth series Vol. 65, 1976 and Rajya Sabha Vol. 98-1-9.

Action Programme on Environment, European Community, 1972

The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 .

The 1994 Report on Human Rights and the Environment (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/9), UN

Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

The declaration on the Right to development, Article1.

The Founex Report; ‗Environment and Development and Environmental

management‘, International. Conciliation, No.586, 1972.

The Kualalumpur meeting resulted in Kualalumpur Declaration which summed up the

common G77 position for the Earth Summit. The Declaration was issued on 29th

April, 1992.

The Preamble to the Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of

the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, 1983.

The preliminary Right to Environmental Protection. Report, UN Doc. E/CN-4/Sub-

2/1991 and Final Right to Environmental Protection Report, UN Doc. E/CN-4/Sub-

2/1994/9.

The Preparatory Committee established in December, 1989 (as a committee of the

General Assembly) had Ambassador, Mr. Koh of Singapore as its chairman who won

universal esteem and respect as Chairman of UNCLOS, III, 1982.

The water (prevention and control of pollution)Act,1974.

Tokyo meeting held in April 1992 resulted in Tokyo Declaration which recommended

modalities for Post – Rio financial arrangements. See Tokyo Declaration, U.N. Doc.

A/CONF. 151/7.

U.N. General Assembly Resol 2997 (XXVII) 15 December, 1972 Preamble, Para 9.

U.S. and Canadian comments in U N doc. A/CONF/48/14 Rev/atp 64 – 66 UNGA

Res 2996 (1972) asserts that principles 21 and 22 of Stockholm Declaration lay down

the basic rules governing the matter, 112 states voted for this resolution.

UN Commission of Human Rights, Final Report of the Special Rapporteur, UN

DOC.E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/9, 6 July 1994, p. 74

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division of Sustainable Development;

‗Johannesburg Summit‘, 24 March 2003.

UN doc. A/Res. 2567 (XXV).

UN DOC.A/CONF.48/PC/13 (1971), p. 13.

UN DOC/ A/ CONF/48/PC/9(1971),p.75.

UN GA Res. 45/ 94, 1990; World Charter for Nature, Principle 23, ILM, 1983,P. 455;

Hague Declaration on the Environment, 28ILM, 1989,P.1308.

UN Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South

Africa,2002. A/ CONF.199/20

UN, (1997) programme for the further implementation of Agenda 21, Adopted by the

special session of the General Assembly, June 23-27 1997. Available through the

UN Website.

UN, ― Problem of the Human Environment‖, Reports of the Secretary General, UN,

New York, 1969.

UN, Environmental program, program planning country Report-India, 1968, (Nairobi

UN) p.2.

UN‘s General Assembly was endorsed by its Resolution in 2994 (XXVIII) of 15th

December, 1972.

United nations conference on the Human Environment

United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2000, General Assembly resolution 55/2

United Nations, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination

Against Women, December 18, 1979, U.K.T.S. 1989 No. 2, 19 I.L.M. 33 1980, arts.

11(1)(f) and 12;

United Nations, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination, December 21, 1965, 660 U.N.T.S. 195, 5 I.L.M. 352 1966, art.

5(e)(iv);

US Council on Environmental quality, First Annual Report 6 (1970)

US Patent 5,401,504, 1995. US Patent No. 5,401,504, Use of Tur-meric in Wound

Healing, issued 28 Mar. 1995.

world commission on Environment & Development, ‗our common future‘ ,

(1987) .

World Bank, ‗World Development Report‘, New York, Oxford University Press,

1992, pp.34.

World Charter for Nature (1982) UN Doc A/51.

LIST OF WEBSITES

www.johannesburgsummit.org

www.unep.org

www.biodiv.org/gbo/gbo-pdf.asp

www.iisd.org

www.changingclimate.org

www.enn.com

www.ielrc.org

www.worldbank.org

www.envis.nic.in

www.kalpavriksh.org

www.downtoearth.org.in

www.earthwatch.org

www.oneworld.net

www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html

www.uneptie.org/outreach/wssd/joburgreport.htm

www.panda.org/downloads/general/lpr2004.pdf

www.unep.org/geo/geo3/english/pdf.hmt

www.ucsusa.org/ucs/about/page.cfm

www.undp.org/mdg

www.un.org/documents/ga/res/37/a37r007.htm

ARTICLES

Arun Balasubramanyam, ―Eco-development: Towards a Philosophy of Environmental

Education‖, Friedrich.

‘Environment and Human Rights: A New Approach to Sustainable Development‘

published by The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)

―Global Resources: Abuse, Scarcity, and Insecurity,‖ EHP 112:A168–A175 (2004)]

Morsink, at 36 ff (2.1. "Personal securities and the camps") at 331. also Asbjørn at

73-4.

―The Global Partnership for Environment and Development; A Guide to Agenda –

21‖ , Post Rio Edition, New York, United Nations, 1993, p.15.

―UN Millennium Summit Related Events‖, Global Policy Forum, New York, Retrieved on 2006-

11-22.

Barbara J. Bramble, ‗From Rio to the Capitols‘, ‗State Strategies for Sustainable Development‘,

Vital Speeches of the Day, 15th sept, p.732

Desai A.R. (ed.) ―P.I.L.: A Needless Controversy‖ (A ‗P.U.C.L.‘ report), Violation of

Democratic Rights in India, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1986, pp. 172-78, at p. 175.

Dr. A.K.D. Mathur, ―The State of Environmental Pollution, its control through law‖, pp. 1-2.

Inaugural Address by Justice Iyer, dated: 25-02-1995, on ― Waste Management‖.

J.B.D.Souza, ‗Myth and Reality‘ The Hindu Survey of the Environment 1992(

Madras, The Hindu) p. 54.

Kofi Annan, ―We the Peoples: The Role of UN in 21st Century‖ (New York: UN,

2000).

Nagesh Kumar, Biotechnology Revolution and the Third World, New Delhi, Research

and Information System for Non aligned and other Developing countries, 1998, p.1.

Norma Alveres, ‗Pollution Battles: Limited legal redress‘, in The Hindu Survey of the

environment 1994 ( Madras, The Hindu) p.55

Swiss Directorate for Development Corporation and Humanitarian Aid:

―Sustainability; Development projects; Basic Principles and Applications in

Practice‖, Berne, 1991.

The address of Justice Shri. K T Thomas (former judge of supreme court of India)on

the inauguration of the Asian Human Rights Council in 1998, in New Delhi..

The World Conservation Union (IUCN), UNEP & World wide Foundation Nature

(1991) ―concept for the earth – A Strategy for sustainable living‖, Switzerland.

UN Development Programme, ―Millennium Development Goals‖, Focus on: About the

Millinium Development Goals, 2007

Upendra Baxi , ―Environment Protection Act : An Agenda for implementation‖,

6 ( 1987 )

V. R. Krishna Iyer, ―Environmental Justice though Judicial process: Ratlam to

Ramakrishna‖, presented at the ―Workshop on Judicial Enforcement of

Environmental Law in Karnataka‖, Bangalore, 3-4 August 2002, organized by

Environment Support Group in collaboration with the Karnataka Judicial Academy

and Environmental Law Institute, USA.

WHO, ―Hazards of human Environment‖, (1972).