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Øeakd 4 % foÜo’kdvkrak ‘ksoVpk foÜo’kd- ys[kk³~dakr gk ‘ksoVha vkyk

vkgs( ek= gk vxnh ifgY;k Øeakdkpk ‘kd vkgs-

T;k ;qxakr] T;k dky[k.Makr vkEgh vkgksr] R;k;qxakrhy gk egRokpk ‘kd vkgs- vf[ky ekuotkrhP;kthoukph }kjdk ;k ‘kdkoj mHkh vkgs- gk

varjkG ;qxakrhy foÜo’kd vkgs-ekxhy rhu ys[kakr egkjk”Vªkpk iwoZ bfrgkl] T;kps

vkEgh okjl vkgksr] R;kpsa voyksdu dsys- gk iwoZ bfrgklulsy rj vkEgh v/kj yksacdGwu laiwu tkÅa( Eg.kwu ;kiwoZ bfrgklkph Qkj Qkj vko’îkdrk vkgs-

vktferhl egkjk”Vª vUrckZá le`) gks.îkklkBha vkeP;kthoufu”Bspsa Lo:i dlsa vlk;yk gos\ vxnh vYik{kjakrlakxk;ps >kY;kl ^Kku-foKku* ;k nksup ‘kCnakr frpsa Lo:iLi”V gksbZy-

osnkUr fu foKku r’khp rh n{krk] vls rhu- - rsFks fur fLFkj gksrk ‘kkfUr-le`f) uVsy ;k txrhaAA

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Kkukpk fopkj djrak] cgqtu O;kogkfjd lektkyk^Jher~ Hkxor~ xhrk* gk xzaFk vfr’k; lgtLokHkkfod vkf.klq;ksXîk vkgs- thoukP;k lok±xakuk O;kiwu vlysyk vlkvkgs- rsOgak xhrspk lok±xh.k o l[kksy vH;kl gsa vkiY;kthoukpsa ,d lw= vkgsa-

thoukpsa nqljsa lw= Eg.kts ^foKku* KkunsoakP;k Hkk”ksar^ts.ksa gk foÜokdk:a laHkos* rsa foKku- xsysysa v/kZ’krdfoKkukpsa gksrsa( ek= rsa rlsa tk.kokos brdsa vkepsa y{kpR;kdMs xsysa ukgha- vFkkZr~ gk vkepkp nks”k gksrk- vkrak ek=];k fo|eku ‘krdakr gsa foKku vkiY;k iw.kZ oSHkoklg izdV>kysa vkgsa- ;keqGsa vkEgkl R;kph iw.kZ tk.kho >kyh vkgs]R;kpsa [kjs ekgkRE; /;kuha vkysa vkgsa-

vkepsa cká-thou le`) dj.îkakr R;kpsa Qkj eksBsLFkku vkgsa- thouakr rsa vfr’k; lqizfrf”Br djk;yk gosvkgsa- ;klkBha vkEgh ;k foKkukph thokHkkokusa miklukdj.îkkl fl) >kys ikfgts-

eh mikluk gk ‘kCn okijyk vkgs- gh mikluk fpŸkkph‘kqf) djrs- foÜokpsa ikyu rj djrsap djras- ek= fujatukiSyhdMs usÅu ?kky.ksa gsa rj frpsa eq[; dk;Z vkgsa-

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dkj.k gsa O;‰ thou lkis{k lR; vkgsa] fujis{k lR;ukgha- R;kyk Relative Value vkgsa] Absolute Value d/khp vlaw‘kdr ukgha- ;keqGsap ekuoh thoukyk loZLo eku.ks ghpqdhph –f”V vkgs-

eh R;k iw.kZ vkf.k fo’kky thoukyk fujatu gk ‘kCnokijyk vkgs- vatu Eg.kts dktGh] dkGsi.k- rsafo’kky thou fu”dyad vkgs-

mikld ^vuke;a ina xPNfUr* vls xhrk Eg.krs-^vuke;a* ;k inklkBha ejkBh lar-ok³~e;akr ^vP;qr* ‘kCnvkyk vkgs- T;k inkiklwu P;qfr ukgh] <G.ksa ukgh vlsavP;qrin- nsg] eu] cq)hP;k iyhdMhy gsa ØkUr-n’kZu vkgas-ikoko;k miklukA cz„LFkkuha izLFkkuAA ;k lxGîkk foospukpkljG vFkZ vlk dha] rŸoosŸkk gkp foKkukP;k mikluspk [kjkvf/kdkjh vkgs- R;kykp gsa foKku [kÚ;kvFkhZ dG.kkj vkf.kR;kP;kp thouakr rsa lqizfrf”Br gks.kkj-

vkeP;k thou-fu”Bspsa LOk:Ik vl.kkjsa Kku-foKku gsa vlsijLijkoyach vkgsr- ;k nksgksaP;k lk/kuasr vkepsa varckZáthou mtGwu fu?k.kkj vkgs- rsa lkFkZdh ykxY;kpsa lek/kku

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feG.kkj vkgs- ^^;ktlkBha dsyk gksrk vÍkgklA ‘ksoVpk fnlxksM Ogkok** vlk gk ,dw.k vFkZ vkgs-

Ekkuoh cq)hP;k peRdkjkpsa n’kZu ?kMfo.kkjs gsa ‘krdvkgs- fo|qr;akf=d oLrw o lqfo/kakuh vkeph uxjsa o ?kjsadakBksdakB Hkjyh vkgsr- vkepk fnolp eqGha foKkukusamxorks vkf.k foKkukusa ekoGrks- ,d ikÅyfg vkEgaklfoKkukf’kok; mpyrk ;sr ukgh vkf.k ,d iGfgfoKkukf’kok; tkr ukgh- vkeph ?kjsa] okgusa] dk;Z{ks=sa] uxjsabapkbapkusa foKkukusa O;kiyh vkgsr-

v’kk ;k loZO;kih foKkukpk vkEgh vR;ar vgksHkkokusa oloZHkkokusa Lohdkj djko;kl gok- foKkukpk vkEgh Lohdkjdsyk ukgh- vkEgh R;kyk doVkGrks- ,[kk|k Hk{kklkj[khvkEgh R;kP;koj >Mi ?kkyrks- R;kP;koj dCtk djrks- R;kpsLokeh gksÅu clrks- vkEgh R;kyk xqyke dsys vkgs- fdaokvkeP;k LokFkkZiksVha vkEgh R;kyk vkiyk fHkMw vFkok fiŸ;kcuowu vkf.k xG;akr xGs ?kkywu ^,desdk lká d:aA vo?ks/k:aA dqiaFk* v’kh vkeph okVpky lq:a >kyh vkgs-

foKkukusa cq)hph izHkk Qkdko;kl goh- fpŸkkph ‘kq)rkOgko;kl goh- rsp foKku vkEgh v’kk pqdhP;k –“Vhusaokijrks dha] R;keqGsa oklusyk [krik.kh feGkoas- var%-

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dj.kakr fodkjakpsa rakMo mHks jgkoas- vfHkyk”kk vkf.kyksHkhi.kkpsa FkSeku lq:a Ogkoas-

foKkukP;k ;k vuFkZdkjh ifj.kkekl euq”;pdkj.khHkwr vkgs- ek=] vls foKkukps foijhr ifj.kke fnlwuvkY;koj vkEgh Eg.krks] foKkup okbZV vkgs- gk pksjkpkmyVk ‘ka[k/ouh vkgs-

Hkkjrh; rŸoosŸks Eg.krkr] e`R;q-yksd gh deZHkwfevkgs] HkksxHkwfe uOgsa- foKku gk xhrks‰ deZ;ksx vkgs- vkf.kxhrks‰ deZ;ksx gh ‘kq) oSKkfud –f”V vkgs- ^lq[kklkBhajkT;* gh vtqZukph deZ;ksxkfo”k;ha pqdhph –f”V gksrh-R;kpizek.ksa lq[kklkBha] dje.kqdhlkBha] miHkksxklkBha foKkugh voSKkfud –f”V vkgs-

[kjs Eg.kky rj vkEgkyk foKku dGysp ukgh-cgqewY; fgjk vkgs lkekU; ek.klkyk rks vksG[kwa rjh ;sbZydk\ foKkukckcr vkeph fLFkrh vxnh v’khp vkgs-

vkuankusa d:a foKkuk rq>kp t;t;dkjArq>hp lsok vH;qn;kpk ?kMoh lk{kkRdkjAA

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gsa dkO; T;kusa fyfgysa R;kyk foKkukpsa fdrir vkdyu>kysa gksrsa ;kfo”k;ha ‘kadkp vkgs- iwoZdkGhaP;k iq.îkiq:”kakP;kdsoG fopkjakr L[kyu vlsy rj iq<hy fi<îkakP;k vkpkjakrfgeky;k,o<îkk pqdk gksÅa ‘kdRkkr ts bgyksdkpkp fopkjdjrkr] rs fopkjdp uOgsar- Hkys R;akpsa vkpj.k /kqrY;kraknqGklkj[ks dk vlsuk! R;akuk ;klkBha ^‘kq) fodkjh* ghplaKk |koh ykxsy v’kakpsa o‰O; Eg.kts foKkukP;k txHkjgksr vlysY;k foijhr ifj.kkekojhy mik;;kstuakP;k R;keyeiÍ;k vkgsr-

vH;qn; gk foKkukpk ikÜoZifj.kke vkgs- R;kykvR;f/kd egRo ns.ksa gk cq)hpk O;keksg vkgs- lw;Z vxnhfu;ekusa jkstP;kjkst mxorks- f=Hkqoukyk izdk’k nsrks- d/khR;kpsa vkHkkj ekuysr\ lw;Z gsa foKku ukgh dk\ foKkukfo”k;harqEgkyk ,o<k iqGdk dak\ -osnakrhy lw;Z mikluspk xk;=hea= igk&

Js”B rsa rst lw;kZpsa vkEgh /;krks eusa lnkA- - izsj.kk cqf)rsa nsoks] ekx.ks Le:uh inkAA -- R;akph foKkukdMs ikg.îkkph –f”V d’kh vkgs! vkEgkykthoup dGysa ukgh rj foKku dlsa dG.kkj\ foKkukpkxfjek] efgek Qkj osxGk vkgs- R;kP;k mi;ksxko:u vkEghR;kpsa ewY;ekiu djrks- Qkj pqdhph –f”V vkgs gh!

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;kpk vFkZ foKkukpk mi;ksxp d:a u;sa vlslet.îkkpsa dakgha dkj.k ukgha- rqEgh dk; djrak ;kis{kk rqEghdqBY;k –“Vhuas djrak ;kyk Qkj egRo vkgs- l`”Vh rhpvlrs ek= –f”V cnyyh dh l`”Vh cnyrs gsa /;kuha ?;kos-thouakrhy lqfo/kklkBha foKkukpk mi;ksx d:a udk vlsdks.k osMk Eg.ksy!

eq[; eqÌk ,o<kp dha] dekZis{kak cqf) Js”B- foKkukis{kkoSKkfud –f”Vdksu] oSKkfud cqf) Js”B- xhrk Eg.krs&

nwjs.k áoja deZ cqf);ksxkr~ /kuat;Acq)kS ‘kj.kefUoPN —i.k% Qygsro%AA

foKku dekyhps le`) o izxr >kysa vkgsa- ^xxukykxol.kh ?kky.ks* gk ‘kCn-iz;ksxfg R;kP;kckcrhar fFkVk iMawykxyk vkgs- xxukphfg d{kk vksyakMwu rsa vkrak varjkGakr¿SpaceÀ izos’k d:a ykxys vkgs- gsa foKku] vkt?kMhykR;kyk Kkukpsa vf/k”Bku u jkfgY;keqGsa rsa vuFkZdkjh gksÅaykxysa vkgs-

okLrfod ^Kku-foKku* gsap ewyr% thoukpsa Lo:ivkgs- vkEgh Kkufojfgr foKku gk ulysyk Hksn fuekZ.k dsyk-vkrak gsa foKku foijhr ifj.kke ?ksÅu txHkj vorjysa vkgsa-:i;k gk :i;kp vkgs- rks Nki vFkok dkVîkkoj voyacwu

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ukgh- vFkok Nki-dkVîkkeqGsa :i;akr dakgha Qjdfg iMrukgh] rjh Nki-dkVîkkf’kok; :i;kph dYiuk djrak ;srukgh vkf.k gh thoukph ekSt vkgs-

Kku-foKkukuas yf{kr gks.kkjh thoufu”Bk vkeP;k dYiusareko.kkjh ukgh- foÜys”k.k gsap eqGh cq)hpsa Lo:i vkgs-foÜys”k.k dsY;kf’kok; cq)hyk dks.kR;kfg l`”VinkFkkZpsaewY;ekiu djrak ;sr ukgh- i.k rsa viqjsa vl.kkj gk nks”kfu;rhusap frP;k ekFkha dk;epk ekjyk vkgs-

Analysis gk cq)hpk /keZ vkgs- ek= Synthesis] laÜys”k.kgk cq)hpk izkUrp uOgsa] myV cqf) vksyakMwu xsY;koj]Transcend >kY;koj tsa izkIr gksrs R;kyk laÜys”k.k Eg.krkr(rj ex rsa cq)hP;k vkVksD;akr dlsa ;sbZy\ vFkkZr~ ;s.ksd/khfg ‘kD; ukgh- ;k laÜys”k.kkyk Kkunsoakuh ^lekos’ku*vlk ‘kCn okijyk vkgs-f’ko’kf‰ lekos’kasA ueu dsyas E;k ,slsAjaHkkxHkZ vkdk’ksaA fjxkyk tSlkAA ve`rkuqHko

;k var;ksZX;rspk vHkko vlY;keqGsa foKku vktHkksxkpsa lk/ku >kysa vkgsa- ;k Hkksxoknkyk iwoZdkGha gtkjkaso”kk±r feGkysa ukgh ,o<s [krik.kh feGkysa vkgsa- ;kpkifj.kke Eg.kts ,o<îkk oSHkoh vkf.k le`) v’kk ;kdky[k.Makr ekuoh thoukpk Úgkl gksr pkyyk vkgs-

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iwohZ cz„fo|k xqIr Bsoyh tkr gksrh- vf/kdkj ikgwuprh fnyh tkr gksrh- rh izdV >kY;koj yksd ^pkoVh*djrhy vlk ‘kCn-iz;ksx R;kosGha dsyk tkr gksrk- ukFkakP;k?kjha ,d czk„.k vkys- ukFkakuh fouafr d:ufg Luku udjrkp rs Hkkstukl clys- R;akps Eg.k.ksa vls dha] vkEghjkst Kku-xaxsar Luku djrks R;keqGsa cká-Lukukph vkEgaklvko’îkdrk ukgha- ;kyk ^pkoVh* Eg.krkr- euq”; vlkokákr gksrks- ;kuarj ukFkakuh R;akuk pakxyk /kMk f’kdfoyk gkHkkx osxGk-

;kpk vFkZ vlk dha] ^lxq.k usys czãKkusaA fuxqZ.kusys lansgkusaAA* czãfo|k m?kM dsY;keqGsa Eg.kts czãKkukP;k‘kkfCnd tkf.koseqGsa lxq.kakr jl okV.kkj ukgh vkf.k fuxqZ.k[kjks[kj vlrsa dk\ dak rsa ,d e`xtG vkgs\ v’kk ‘kadsusavar%dj.k iks[kjys xsY;keqGsa yksd deZ’kwU; gksÅu thoukpsavkslkM okGoaV gksbZy- vlas gksÅa u;sa Eg.kwu czãfo|kfdR;sd o”ks± xqIr Bsoyh gksrh- uarj rh tu-lkekU;ki;ZUrm?kM dsY;keqGsa eyk ukgha okVr dha] R;kpk ifj.kke ;kHkjr[k.Makr Qkj pakxyk >kyk vkgs- fLFkrh rj myVhpokVrsa-

czãfo|sizek.ksa foKkukph loZ lq[klk/kusa vxnh lkekU;ek.klkP;k vkVksD;akr vkY;keqGsa yksd LQwfrZghu] pSrU;ghu

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vkf.k dr`ZŸo‘kwU; >kyas- thou jlghu gksr pkyysa vkgsa-Vh-Ogh- ?;k] Ýht ?;k] vFkok dkWEI;qVj ?;k] R;akP;kvkxeukuarj R;akpas Lokxr ^uO;kps uÅ fnol* gksras] iqUgkngkO;k fno’kha rksaM okdMsp- ^vfrifjp;kr~ voKk* gksrs-

lk/kk Vsªupk Mck igk! uhV ckjdkbZusa igk- rqEgakltk.kosy dha] lezkV vdcjkpk jFkfg ,o<k egkxMk vkf.koSHkoh ulsy- ek= ;kp MC;akr vo?;k 10 :i;kpsa frdhVdk<wu ,d vfrlkekU; ek.kwl clrks-

nqlÚ;k LVs’kuoj p<ysyk vkf.k R;kP;ktoG mHkkvlysyk cWfjLVj vlyk rjh rks R;kyk tkxk nsr ukgh- rksmHkk] gk :ckcakr clrks vkf.k oj Eg.krks] ^vgks feLVj]frdhV vkgs ekÖîkktoG] QqdV ukgh clyks- xixqeku mHksjgk-*

vlysa izxr foKku thouakr vkY;koj dqBysa vkuankpseGs Qqy.kkj vkgsr ;k ek.klkP;k thouakr ! Vsªue/;saclysY;k ;k vfrlkekU; ek.klkpsa LihMfg lezkVvdcjkP;k jFkkis{kka fdrhrjhiV vf/kd vkgsa- vktP;k ;kfoKku ;qxakr gk lezkV vdcjkpk cki ;k Vsªue/;sa clykvkgs- ;kpk vFkZ ;kP;kiq<s vdcjfg vkt rqPN >kyk vkgs-gk foKkukpk izHkko ;k ek.klkps Hkys djhy vls rqEgklokVrs\

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Lokra«;iwoZ vkf.k Lokra«;ksŸkj dky[k.MakrnG.koG.kkph Eg.ktsp izoklkph lk/kusa] mtsMkph lk/kusa]Lo;aikdkph lk/kusa] dje.kqdhph lk/kusa] xakosa] ?kjsa] ik.îkkphifjfLFkrh( laiw.kZp thoukr v{kj’k% tehu-vLekukpsa varjiMysa vkgsa- gsa eh ekÖ;k thouakr Lor% vuqHkoysa vkgsa-1945 rs 1950 gh o”ks± vkBoyh Eg.kts okVrsa vki.kvfrizkphu dky[k.Makr rj uOgrks uk! [kjks[kj vls okVkos,o<k ;k nksu dky[k.Makr Qjd iMyk vkgs- iwohZP;kdkGkis{kak vkrak lkekU; ek.klkpsa thou dso<s lqfo/kkiw.kZvkf.k le`) >kysa vkgsa! vls vlrak myV ekuotkr Hkaxkjgksr pkyyh vkgs- var%dj.ksa menh okVr ukghar] fHkdkjokVrkr] vlsa dak\

ek.kwl ek.klkiklwu iGwa ykxyk vkgs] ek.kwl?kk.îkk>kyk vkgs- caxyk vkf.k ¶yWV laL—fr rj Lora=rspsa Hkslwjxk;u d:a ykxyh vkgsr- lsYQdUVsUV ¶yWV o caxys fnol-jk= nkjsa can d:u ,desdakph eq[kkoyksdusafg fuf”k) ekuwaykxyh vkgsr- fdrh mP; laL—fr! Pkksohl rklakps loZO;ogkj fuosZ/ki.ksa vakre/;sa ikj iMrkr- ckgsj ;s.îkkpht:jhp dk;\ vk/kqfud xqgasrhy gs loZ ;ksxhtu vkgsr-,[kkns osGha gsa xqgspsa }kj m?kMrsa] R;akrwu ,[kknk ;ksxh gkrakrfczQdsl ?ksÅu ckgsj iMrks] rks bdMs frdMs eqGhlq)k uikgrak ljG pkyw ykxrks vkf.k xqgspsa }kj QV~du can gksrsa]rsa fdR;sd rklklkBha-

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ek.kwl] ek.kqldh] lkekftd cakf/kydh] lektlsok]Hkzkr`Hkko v’kk rŸoakpk ea=?kks”k jsfMvks] fV-Ogh ;k ;akf=d_f”kequh}kjsa ldkG-la/;kdkG v[akM pkywa vlrks- ;keqGsavkeP;k thouakr cjsp iq.îk tek gksrsa] ukgha dk\

Kku-foKku gsap thoukpsa Lo:i vlrak vkEgha ulysykHksn fuekZ.k dsyk- vkrak gsa veki ok<ysysa foKku vkepsathou m/oLr djsy ;akr ‘kadk ukgh- vkf.k vkEgh daktxrks] rj ejr ukgh Eg.kwu txrks vls R;kyk vFkZ’kwU;Lo:i izkIr gksbZy v’kh Hkhfr okVrs-

xhrk Eg.krs&Kku foKku r`IrkRek dwVLFkks foftrsafnz;%ARkks”kyk KkufoKkusa fLFkj ftadwfu bafnz;saA xhrkbZ

foKku vkRelkr dj.îkkpsa] R;kyk vkiysp :i ns.îkkpsa,d Lora= ‘kkL= vkgsa- R;klaca/kh v/;;u vkf.k nh?kZdky-i;ZUr iz;ksx djhr jkfgY;kl^^rr~ Lo;a ;ksxlafl)%dkysukRefu foanfrAA** rsa vkiY;akrp lqizfrf”Br vlY;kpsaizR;;kl ;sbZy- rsFk iz—fr vki.ki;kA osxGh uqjsa /kuat;kA:isfo.k dak Nk;kA t;kijhAA vls gsa foKku ekuotkrhP;kthouakr vkuankps eGs Qqyohy-

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;k foKkukyk [kjh izfr”Bk izkIr >kyh varjkG ;qxake/;sa-rkjh[k 4vkWDVkscj 1957 ;ko”khZ jf’k;kP;k LQqVfud 1 ;kmixzgkusa varjkGakr >sai ?ksÅu chi~chi~ vlk vkokt djhri`Fohiklwu 800 eSyko:u i`FohHkksorha ,d iznf{k.kk iw.kZdsyh( vkf.k R;kposGha varjkG ;qxkyk izkjaHk >kY;kpsa R;kusalwfpr dsysa- ‘kkL=Kakpsa Eg.k.ksa vls dha] ák varjkGla’kks/kuakr vkeP;k cq)hyk tsa vkOgku feGkysa vkgs rls {ks=i`Fohoj vkrak mjysa ukgha- R;kapsa Eg.k.ksa vxnh ;FkkFkZ vkgs-dkj.k ;k varjkG ;qxakr foKkukyk R;kph [kjh izfr”Bk izkIr>kyh- R;kpk xkSjo ok<yk- rsa veki le`) >kysa- R;kph[kjks[kj us=nhid izxrh >kyh-

12 ,fizy 1961 ;k fno’kha jf’k;kpk ;qjh xkxkfju gkifgyk varjkG izoklh Bjyk- i`Fohiklwu 800 eSy mapvarjkGakrwu i`Fohyk ,d iznf{k.kk ?kkywu vWVyakfVdegklkxjkoj rks lq[k:Ik mrjyk vkf.k iqjk.kakrhydkfrZds;kph inoh laiknu dsyh-

;kuarj 16 tqyS 1969 ;k fno’kha lk;adkGha 7 oktwu2 fefuVakuh viksyks 11 ;k vesfjdu paknz;kukpsa i`Foho:umÏk.k >kysa-

uarj i`FohHkksorha nksu rkl iznf{k.kk dsY;kojvfXuck.kkpsa frljsa dakM izToyhr d:u panzkP;k jks[kkus 4

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yk[k fdyksehVjP;k vfoLej.kh;] ,sfrgkfld] jkseg”kZdfpŸkFkjkjd] vkf.k LoIue; izoklkl lqjokr >kyh-

rkjh[k 20 tqyS 1969 jfookjh jk=ha 1oktwu 48fefuVakuh paknz;ku panzHkwehoj mrjysa- Eagle has landedon the Moon gk lans’k ^^OgkWbZl vkWQ vesfjdk** ;kjsfM;ks dsanzko:u jfookjh jk=ha 1-48 oktrk loZ txHkjikBfoyk xsyk-rkjh[k 21 tqyS 1969 lkseokj] ldkGha 8 oktwu 25

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