BETWEEN The Wars

By Leah Cleary

©Leah Cleary 2015

Implementation This lesson is all about culture between WWI and WWII. It includes a short reading, a PowerPoint presentation with film clips, and gallery walk handouts and rubric. Read each section of the reading together as a class. As you finish each section, show the PowerPoint slides and film clip that goes with that section. Or, have students read the whole reading individually or in small groups and then review the PowerPoint together afterwards. Assign each group a topic for the gallery walk. They will research and create a trifold or poster for their topic. On the day of the gallery walk, students will set up their display somewhere in the classroom. Give each student a copy of the note sheet. They will circulate the classroom, taking notes on each display. To hold them accountable for their notes, create short quiz based on the displays, and allow them to use their notes to take it. ***If you’d like to go digital instead, have students create a glogster or a prezi instead of aposter or trifold, and generate a QR Code for students to scan as they circulate the classroom. This is a part of my time and $$ saving Between the Wars Interactive Notebook Bundle—Coming Soon!

Science

“Where was God in the trenches?” was the question of the day. Returning soldiers were shell-shocked, and their families had suffered their own share of loss and didn’t always know how to deal with it. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis became popular. Freud believed that people had an unconscious self, and that their actions could not always be explained rationally. This was a huge departure from Enlightenment thought. German scientist, Albert Einstein, discovered that space and time could change, further diminishing the idea of a rational world. This is called the Theory of Relativity.

©Leah Cleary 2015

Culture Between the Wars

It’s difficult to characterize culture between the wars because the world is a diverse place. Europe was devastated by all of the destruction the war brought with it. Germany’s Weimar Republic struggled to survive under the crushing loss of WWI and an unbelievable amount of war-debt. The United States, traumatized by the war, shut out the rest of the world, turning to isolationism, and experienced an economic boom. India struggled for independence from British rule, China fought a civil war between Communists and Nationalists and an invasion from the increasingly imperialistic Japan, and territories of the former Ottoman Empire, such as Iraq and Palestine, found themselves colonies of Britain and France. The 1920s and 30s were a time of enormous world-wide change.

Society

Society changed between the wars. If time and space were relative, then why not morality? “Anything goes” was the phrase of the day, and women began wearing their dresses shorter and bobbing, or cutting, their hair short. They would smoke and drink in public, which was practically unheard of before the war. The modern (flapper) girl was born.

Art Art changed between the wars, as well, Realism had been popular before the war—artists tried to make paintings as realistic as possible.. But if space and time are relative, then why not art? It all became about the artist’s perspective. Abstract art, cubism, impressionism, and surrealism became popular. Artists such as Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali led the Avant Guard. Music also left tradition behind. The Harlem Renaissance in the United States saw the birth of Jazz. Jazz is all about individuality and improvisation. There are no rules. Irregular rhythms and dissonance (lack of harmony among musical notes) made its way into “classical music.

©Leah Cleary 2015

Literature Literature changed between the wars, as well. Existentialism became popular, and writers such as Franz Kafka wrote about the horrors of war using metaphors. For example, in Kafka’s story, “The Metamorphosis,” the main character awakens to discover that he is transforming into a cockroach—he becomes disgusted with himself, and a burden to his family. This represents how many injured and handicapped soldiers felt returning from the war. Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas also caught on after the war. He believed that Enlightenment ideas such as progress were meaningless, and that the only things that mattered were pride and strength. He called his ideal person the superman and said that “God is dead.”

Existentialism

What is Existentialism? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Technology WWI sped up technological innovation. Cars became ubiquitous, thanks to Henry Ford and his assembly line. He once said that you could get a Model T in any color, as long as it’s black. Pilots became celebrities. The world watched the newsreels as Charles Lindberg flew his plane, The Spirit of St. Louis, across the Atlantic. They listened on the radio to the case of Lindberg’s kidnapped son, and were devastated when the boy’s remains were discovered.

©Leah Cleary 2015

Directions: Each group will be assigned a topic. You will create an exhibit for our Post WWI Culture Gallery.

Topic: Science following the War Names__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5=Excellent, 4=Good, 3=Adequate, 2=Needs Improvement, 1=Poor, 0=No Attempt

_____Background on Einstein _____Contributions to science _____Background on Freud _____Contributions to psychoanalysis _____Impact both men had on culture (how did they change the way people lived/thought?)

For each of these components, include a picture or pictures, and a bulleted list for a description.

You also need: _______two artifacts (piece of print media, letter from Einstein or Freud, QR Codes to film clip, etc. ____Neatness ____Self-Descriptive (stands alone to explain your topic) _____Score

***Since this is for a gallery, be sure it can be tangibly displayed. Use a tri-fold or a poster, and make sure it is colorful, neat, and self-descriptive.***

Here Is How You Will Be Scored:

Post WWI Culture Gallery Walk

Comments:

©Leah Cleary 2015

Gallery Plan Directions: Use the websites as starting points and use the boxes provided to jot down notes.

Einstein Freud

http://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408

http://www.biography.com/people/sigmund-freud-9302400

©Leah Cleary 2015

Directions: Each group will be assigned a topic. You will create an exhibit for our Post WWI Culture Gallery.

Topic: Society following the War Names__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5=Excellent, 4=Good, 3=Adequate, 2=Needs Improvement, 1=Poor, 0=No Attempt

_____Post war fashion _____Post war thought _____Post war entertainment _____Post war religion _____Post war economy

For each of these components, include a picture or pictures, and a bulleted list for a description.

You also need: _______two artifacts (piece of print media, letters, QR Codes to film clip, etc. ____Neatness ____Self-Descriptive (stands alone to explain your topic) _____Score

***Since this is for a gallery, be sure it can be tangibly displayed. Use a tri-fold or a poster, and make sure it is colorful, neat, and self-descriptive.***

Here Is How You Will Be Scored:

Post WWI Culture Gallery Walk

Comments:

©Leah Cleary 2015

Gallery Plan Directions: Use the websites as starting points and use the boxes provided to jot down notes.

Fashion Thought

http://online.wsj.com/ww1/womens-clothing http://college.cengage.com/history/west/perry/western_civilization/9e/chapters/chapter31.html

Entertainment Religion Economy

©Leah Cleary 2015

http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/learning_modules/history/04.TU.04/?section=14

http://www.bl.uk/world-war-one/articles/faith-belief-and-superstition

http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/interwaryears/section1.rhtml

©Leah Cleary 2015

Directions: Each group will be assigned a topic. You will create an exhibit for our Post WWI Culture Gallery.

Topic: Literature following the War Names__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5=Excellent, 4=Good, 3=Adequate, 2=Needs Improvement, 1=Poor, 0=No Attempt

_____Explanation of the Lost generation _____Explanation of existentialism _____Works of Franz Kafka _____Ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche _____Popular Post-War Literature

For each of these components, include a picture or pictures, and a bulleted list for a description.

You also need: _______two artifacts (piece of print media, letter, QR Codes to film clip, etc. ____Neatness ____Self-Descriptive (stands alone to explain your topic) _____Score

***Since this is for a gallery, be sure it can be tangibly displayed. Use a tri-fold or a poster, and make sure it is colorful, neat, and self-descriptive.***

Here Is How You Will Be Scored:

Post WWI Culture Gallery Walk

Comments:

©Leah Cleary 2015

Gallery Plan Directions: Use the websites as starting points and use the boxes provided to jot down notes.

Lost Generation Existentialism

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americannovel/timeline/lostgeneration.html

http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_existentialism.html

Kafka Nietzsche Pop Lit.

©Leah Cleary 2015

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/26/magazine/26kafka-t.html?_r=0

http://www.iep.utm.edu/nietzsch/ http://wwnorton.com/college/english/naal8/section/volD/overview.aspx

©Leah Cleary 2015

Directions: Each group will be assigned a topic. You will create an exhibit for our Post WWI Culture Gallery.

Topic: Art following the War Names__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5=Excellent, 4=Good, 3=Adequate, 2=Needs Improvement, 1=Poor, 0=No Attempt

_____Explanation of how the war changed art _____Pablo Picasso _____Salvador Dali _____Modern Post-War Art Movements (Cubism, Surrealism, Futurists, Expressionism….)

For each of these components, include a picture or pictures, and a bulleted list for a description.

You also need: _______two artifacts (piece of print media, piece of art, letter, QR Codes to film clip, etc. ____Neatness ____Self-Descriptive (stands alone to explain your topic) _____Score

***Since this is for a gallery, be sure it can be tangibly displayed. Use a tri-fold or a poster, and make sure it is colorful, neat, and self-descriptive.***

Here Is How You Will Be Scored:

Post WWI Culture Gallery Walk

Comments:

©Leah Cleary 2015

Gallery Plan Directions: Use the websites as starting points and use the boxes provided to jot down notes.

Post War Art Picasso http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/21/entertainment/la-et-cm-world-war-art-20120722

http://www.picasso.fr/us/picasso_page_index.php

©Leah Cleary 2015

Dali Modern Art Movements http://thedali.org/timeline/ http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/30/opinion/merjian-

art-modern-wwi/

©Leah Cleary 2015

Directions: Each group will be assigned a topic. You will create an exhibit for our Post WWI Culture Gallery.

Topic: Technology following the War Names__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5=Excellent, 4=Good, 3=Adequate, 2=Needs Improvement, 1=Poor, 0=No Attempt

_____The radio _____Airplanes _____The Automobile _____Movies _____Home Appliances _____Charles Lindbergh

For each of these components, include a picture or pictures, and a bulleted list for a description.

You also need: _______two artifacts (piece of print media, letter, QR Codes to film clip, etc. ____Neatness ____Self-Descriptive (stands alone to explain your topic) _____Score

***Since this is for a gallery, be sure it can be tangibly displayed. Use a tri-fold or a poster, and make sure it is colorful, neat, and self-descriptive.***

Here Is How You Will Be Scored:

Post WWI Culture Gallery Walk

Comments:

©Leah Cleary 2015

Gallery Plan

Radio http://discovermagazine.com/2007/jun/tireless-wireless

Airplanes http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/wings4.htm

Automobiles http://mentalfloss.com/article/53073/world-war-i-centennial-ford-introduces-assembly-line

Directions: Use the websites as starting points and use the boxes provided to jot down notes.

Movies Appliances Charles Lindbergh

©Leah Cleary 2015

http://www.filmsite.org/pre20sintro.html

http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/20selectrical.html

http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/l/lindbergh/

Culture Between the Wars

Gallery Walk Directions: Look over each exhibit carefully. Decide how you will categorize your notes. Write a heading in each of the squares. Take notes on the exhibit using your own words with bullet points. The sixth box is for your thoughts on the exhibits.

©Leah Cleary 2015

Science Society

©Leah Cleary 2015

Literature Art

Technology Thoughts

Did society change for the better? Explain.

What was the most important cultural change? Explain.

How did the role of women change between the wars? Explain.

How did technology change lives? Explain.

©Leah Cleary 2015

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