Better Contextual Suggestions by Applying Domain Knowledge
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Better Contextual Suggestions by Applying Domain Knowledge
Thaer Samar, Alejandro Bellogin, Arjen P. de Vries
Contextual Suggestions
Given a user profile and a context, make suggestions AKA Context-aware Recommendation, zero-query
Information Retrieval, …
“Entertain me”
Recommend “things to do”, where User profile consists of opinions about attractions
Context consists of a specific geo-location
My Profile
My Context
My Suggestions
WORM
Poortgebouw
TREC Contextual Suggestions (1/3)
Given a user profile 70 – 100 POIs represented by a title, description
and URL (situated in Chicago / Santa Fe)
Rated on a scale 0 – 4
125, Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, ''Interactive exhibits & high-tech sky shows entertain stargazers -- lakefront views are a bonus.'',
http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/131,Lincoln Park Zoo,"Lincoln Park Zoo is a free 35-acre zoo
located in Lincoln Park in Chicago, Illinois. The zoo was founded in 1868, making it one of the oldest zoos in the U.S. It is also one of a few free admission zoos in the United States.", http://www.lpzoo.org/
700, 125, 4, 4700, 131, 0, 1
TREC Contextual Suggestions (2/3)
… and a context Corresponding to a metropolitan area in the USA,
e.g., 109, Kalamazoo, MI
TREC Contextual Suggestions (3/3)
Suggest Web pages / snippets From the Open Web, or from ClueWeb
700, 109 ,1,"About KIA History Kalamazoo Institute of Arts KIA History","The Kalamazoo Institute of Arts is a nonprofit art museum and school. Since , the institute has offered art classes and free admission programming, including exhibitions, lectures, events, activities and a permanent collection. The KIAs mission is to cultivate the creation and appreciation of the visual arts for the communities",clueweb12-1811wb-14-09165
Approach
For a given location, select candidate web pages from Clueweb
Rank the candidates based on their cosine-similarity to the POIs in the user profile (separated in a positive and a negative profile)
Snippet Generation
Generate POI title: Extract <title> or <header> tags
Generate personalized POI description: Extract <description> tag Break documents into sentences, ranked on their
similarity with the user profile Concatenate until 512 bytes reached
Candidate selection
In 2013, the CWI Clueweb based run ranked far below all other (Open Web) runs A few issues related to evaluation, see our ECIR
2014 short paper
But, also, the commercial Open Web search engines (Google, Bing or Yahoo!) return much better candidates for queries derived from the context than we did
Geo-Filtering
Exact mention of given context Format: {City, ST} e.g., Miami, FL
Exclude documents that mention multiple contexts E.g., a Wikipedia page about cities in Florida state
Domain Knowledge (1/2)
Point-of-Interest heuristic: POIs will be represented on the major tourist
information sites
{yelp, tripadvisor, wikitravel, zagat, xpedia, orbitz, and travel.yahoo}
Extract the Clueweb documents from these domains (TouristListFiltered) E.g., http://www.zagat.com/miami
Expand with the outlinks also contained in ClueWeb12 (TouristOutlinksFiltered)
Domain Knowledge (2/2)
Use Foursquare API to identify the URLs of POIs for the given context
If the POI has no corresponding URL, use Google API with a query using foursquare POI + context, i.e., “Cortés Restaurant Miami, FL”
Extract any document from Clueweb whose host matches the (1,454 unique) hosts of the URLs identified (AttractionFiltered)
50 attractions per contextFormat: attraction name, URL e.g., Cortés Restaurant, http://cortesrestaurant.com
Miami, FL
Candidate Selection
ClueWeb12
733,019,372 web pages
“City, ST”8,883,068 docs
TouristListFiltered (175,260)
TouristOutlinksFiltered (97,678)
AttractionsFiltered (102,604)
GeoFiltered
TouristFiltered
Overall Results
Note: P@5 and MRR consider three dimensions of relevance:
geographical (geo), description (desc) and document (doc) relevance
TouristFiltered >>
GeoFiltered
(I.e., TouristFiltered suggests better POIs for 33.1% of the
judged topics)
TouristFiltered vs. GeoFiltered
% topics
Decompose metrics
Ignoring geo-relevance:
GeoFiltered ~ TouristFiltered
Decompose metrics
Ignore geo-relevance:
Geo-relevance only:
The two runs have almost similar
performance in the desc and doc dimensions
TouristFiltered is more
geographically appropriate
Type of domain knowledge
TouristFiltered consists of three parts: TouristListFiltered (TLF)
TouristOutlinksFiltered (TOF)
AttractionFiltered (AF)
Foursquare gives the most significant improvement in
performance
Conclusions
Domain knowledge about sites that are more likely to offer attractions lead to better suggestions
The best results were obtained when identifying attractions through specialized services such as Foursquare
Next Steps
Improve our recommendation algorithm E.g., weighted candidate selection
Understand the remaining difference with Open Web based results Our Clueweb results are reproduceable but not
yet as good