Better Buildings By Design ConferenceBurlington Vermont

February 10,2010Terry Reynolds - Control Technologies

• The “Big Picture” Quick Current Case Study demonstrating the concepts Energy Services delivered over the Internet

• Energy Issues• Energy Conservation Challenges• Energy Opportunities• The Evolving Solution SaaS Concepts NOC Concepts How you “connect” a building SaaS Impact – new Players, new Services

• A look into the near Future• Additional Case Study – NYC Schools• Q&A?

“Reduce Carbon Footprint ! ”

Case Study: The (du) opportunity• Telecom to provide Energy Services to clients over his

WAN and telecom infrastructure.• Command Control Center “connected” to buildings• Remotely hosted Services to CCC• Energy Program Management planned• Etisalat and Pacific Controls Announcement!• CTI to provide consultation, CCC design/build?• CTI to provide training and set up Mech/Elec Service

Business for du?

“SOA” - Service Oriented Architecture

Building 1 Building “n”…..

SCADAService 1 Service 1 Service “n”

Service “n”

Data Center

Website

Remote Website

Remote Website

Budget Estimate : $20MUSSchedule – CCC complete in 6 monthsProgram design start – “yesterday”

Stay Tuned!!!

The World is “Hot, Flat, and Crowded” We need to stop killing it We need abundant, cost-effective energy We don’t have enough at our disposal It is becoming an “electric” world The way we distribute electricity is getting dangerously

inadequate The solutions will include conservation of non-renewable energy

and alternative generation.

A new coal fired plant in China starts up every week Westinghouse won but Edison was right! The US electrical grid (actually three) is 50 years old, and

controlled “electro-mechanically”. The future will be “electric” - clean at point of use Alternative generation creates significant new problems for

Utilities. Today’s efficiency for Electricity delivered as light is 2% Today’s efficiency for Electricity delivered as BTU’s is 30%.

•Electricity ( currently) must be consumed as it is generated• Non-traditional generation can’t ( currently) be dispatched by the ISO •Non-traditional generation can’t ( currently) be disconnected on faults•Non-traditional generation is “unreliable” –

•PV works when the sun shines•Wind works when the wind blows•Hydro works when the water flows

•SmartGrid implies M2M communication between the elements. No standards currently exist.

75 to 80% of today’s buildings will exist 25 years from now.

New Construction adds 2%/year to existing inventory.

8% of all energy consumed is by PC’s. 5-15% of total energy consumed can be saved

by “visibility”. 24% of building energy usage is in lighting

Alternative sources and “optimized consumption” will together resolve the dilemma for future generations

Optimized consumption (Conservation) is embodied in the term “Energy Services”

The Internet is/will be the vehicle/media that is used to deliver many of the Energy Services that are developing as “optimization and conservation” services.

These services will be remotely hosted and delivered under a “SaaS” model.

The technology of today facilitates the integration of new services with existing infrastructure

“SOA” - Service Oriented Architecture

Building 1 Building “n”…..

SCADAService 1 Service 1Service “n”

Service “n”

Data Center

Website

Remote Service

Remote Service

Local Service

Wikipedia definition –

Software as a service (SaaS - pronounced 'Sass') is a model of software deployment where an application is hosted as a service provided to customers across the Internet. By eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, SaaS alleviates the customer's burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support.

76% of US corporations have at least one SaaS application (IDC)

$6.8 Billion market overall in 2008 (Gardner)

20% of B2B Software via SaaS by 2012

SaaS - adding value to the DDC system in a facility by integrating remotely hosted applications ( also called “cloud computing”) that require data sharing with the DDC system and possibly SCADA functionality to realize the benefit.

Analogy – Establishing “The Pipe”, and “pouring in” services through it…

The “added value” could take the form of:• Proprietary, computation-heavy algorithms that require big

servers and memory, iterative processes.• “Domain-specific” services that evolve due to changes in

codes and economic conditions• Remote continuous human observation of real-time conditions

in the building• Analysis of archived building condition and physical

parameters – “data mining”• Remotely adjusting building conditions in real time• Participation in “building aggregation” strategies

The “traditional” impediments –“Reliability,” “Standards”, “Domain expertise”. The Web is too unreliable and unsecure for “real-

time” applications.• The Data is proprietary.• Those who understand “The Pipe” do not

understand how to use it for Building Automation applications

Reality – all impediments are so mitigated that they are no longer impediments.

The Web is fast enough, secure enough, and available enough:• ASP and DSL services, Fiber networks, Wireless networks• Secure brick and mortar exists to house the hardware, and

applications inexpensively ( SAS 70, Tier Three Data Centers)

Gbit speed is here. Applications and technologies will drive speeds to 100Gbit. Fat pipes abound.

• E-gaming, Bit Torrent, etc

Standards are here – Web Services

Domain-specific applications knowledge is here, now.

The “world” is now familiar with the risk of interrupted services. A business’ bottom line routinely depends on high availability of a “fat pipe” ( think Banking, e.g.)

Most Important – The economic opportunities associated with energy control and energy efficiency, have acceleratedthis irreversible process.

Those who understand our “Domain” are collaborating with those who understand “The Pipe” .

The collaborators are actively advertising that they understand how to use it in our Domain.

In only a matter of “minutes” this will be the truth.

“Domain Convergence” – the blending of skill sets…

IT Companies –• Cisco “Energywise”

- purchased Richards Zeta- leveraging their knowledge of the “pipe”

• AT&T and SmartSynch- Currently metering only, but…..??

Control Manufacturers - Saas “plans”?• JCI recently purchased Gridlogix• Think about the value of JCI’s installed base to JCI• Schneider and JCI in discussions with Cisco….. about ?

Load Aggregators –• Enernoc – Started as an ISO load aggregator. Now selling Energy

Efficiency Services including continuous commissioning using FDD’s• Others- GridPoint, Trilliant, SilverSprings Networks, Ziphany, etc.

Security Companies • Diebold – Energy monitoring services Leveraging Security monitoring with Banks and REIT

customers Security Monitoring Network and NOC’s in Ohio and

Hawaii“Utilities –

• California “AutoDR” program – direct integration to BAS (LynxSpring?) or through CLIR box

• Constellation Energy – PJM Interconnection 13 states +DC

California “AutoDR”

“New” Value-Added Service examples –• Diebold - Remote Energy and HVAC Monitoring • McKinstry InfoCentre – Real Estate Asset Information Management System • Lucid Design, et al. - Dashboards and KPIs• PureTrac - Remote Environmental Monitoring using “THE NOSE!”• Cimetrix, et al - Efficiency Analysis Continuous Commissioning Services • Advantage IQ – Facilities Expense Management• Intuit MRI – Real Estate Operations Services• Tririga – Workplace Management Software• Interval Data Services – Energy Analysis and Diagnosis• Global Time, Weather, and Map Services• Corrigo – Wireless Work Order Scheduling• Argus – Asset management• School Dude – Facility Dude – Facilities Operations• UISOL - Automated Demand Response• Cisco – EnergyWise – dashboard, IT load control• Building Document archive and retrieval

The “killer app” – FDD’sRemotely hosted service“Mines” the equipment status and

parameter data in site databaseAlgorithms calculate energy efficienciesAlgorithms predict faults and

breakdownsMonitors Operational GuidelinesAlarms in near-real time Reports on plant performance

VDP Steady Status  ‐ RTUVDP Controller OnlineVDP Virtual  Cooling Stage CommandVDP Virtual  Heating Stage CommandCHK Controller OfflineCHK Lennox Error CodeCHK Exhaust Air Fan Cmd vs. StatusCHK Supply Air Fan Cmd vs. StatusCHK Outdoor Air Damper Cmd vs. StatusCHK Cooling Stage Cmd vs. StatusCHK Heating Stage Cmd vs. StatusCHK Reheat Cmd vs. StatusCHK Stuck SensorCHK ZAT Sensor FailureCHK ZARH Sensor FailureCHK RAT Sensor FailureCHK SAT Sensor Failure

VDP Cooling Stage Status  IntervalVDP Reheat Status  IntervalVDP Heating Stage Status  IntervalVDP Cooling Primary Status IntervalVDP Heating Primary Status IntervalVDP Supply Air Fan IntervalVDP Exhaust Air Fan IntervalCHK Setpoint Not MetCHK Cooling Stage FailureCHK Heating Stage FailureCHK Supply Air Fan Short RuntimeCHK Exhaust Air Fan Short RuntimeCHK Cooling Stage Short RuntimeCHK Heating Stage Short RuntimeCHK Supply Air Fan CyclingCHK Exhaust Air Fan CyclingCHK Cooling Stage CyclingCHK Heating Stage Cycling

MACH Average Air Temp Delta ‐ RAT vs  ZATMACH Temp Delta Across  Supply FanMACH Average Outside Air RatioVDP Outdoor Air RatioVDP Mixed Air Wet Bulb TempVDP Predicted Sensible Cooling CapacityCHK Outside Air Damper Leakage

MACH Adjacent ZonesMACH Target Open Space UnitVDP Virtual  Humidity SensorVDP Virtual  RAT SensorVDP Virtual  SAT SensorVDP Mixed Air TempVDP Virtual  Supply Airflow Rate VDP Calculated Air Temp Delta ‐ Cooling CoilVDP Virtual  Heating Supply Air TempVDP Average Local  Outside Air TempVDP Mixed Air Dewpoint TempVDP Predicted Air Temp Delta ‐ Cooling CoilVDP Return Air Dewpoint TempCHK OAT Sensor FailureCHK Outside Air Damper HuntingLAB Cooling Stage Low RefrigerantCHK Cooling Stage Simultaneous  ON/OFF CHK Heating Stage Simultaneous  ON/OFFCHK Global  OAT Sensor Failure

VDP Virtual  ZAT SensorCHK ZAT Sensor CalibrationCHK OAT Sensor CalibrationCHK ZARH Sensor CalibrationCHK RAT Sensor CalibrationCHK SAT Sensor CalibrationLAB Outside Air Damper MalfunctionLAB Exhaust Air Fan MalfunctionLAB Supply Air Fan Slipping Belt (Low Airflow)CHK Cooling Stage EfficiencyCHK Heating Stage EfficiencyLAB Dirty Coil/Filter (Low Airflow)

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V0 V1Phase 1 8 15Phase 2 16 16Phase 3 5 5Phase 4 13 14Phase 5 18 20TOTAL 60 70

Formulas

Most formulas will only be calculated if certain criteria is met which may include other formulas.

Formula implementation & calculation order is very important

All Data is normalized to be stored with the same naming, proper engineering units, text to # conversions, and to have the right decimal place.

VDP = Virtual Data PointCHK = Fault Detection &

Diagnosis formulaLAB = Tests made in the Lab

Single source of truth for equipment or asset

information, documents, drawings, setpoints, schedules, and even

control logic parameters.

• OG exception analysis will constantly compare the Operating Guidelines and design intent for setpoints, schedules, and control parameters to what the equipment or control system is actually doing for an entire facility portfolio dramatically improving management efficiencies.

• The OG exceptions can take into account demand response events and specially control logic such as setpoint reductions due to high humidity logic.

• The OG exceptions will also indicate if a controller is OFFLINE.• Interactive web based reporting allows filtering, sorting, and excel downloads of the results.• Management reporting will show the result trend organized based on user preference.

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ANALYZE

INTEGRATE

NOTIFY

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TRANSLATE

CONNECT

Automatically identify minor machine faults before they escalate into large financial,

operational, or comfort problems

ANALYZE

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Summarized Reporting allows

efficient management of many machines

and locationsNOTIFY

E-Mail

SMS

RSS

Phone Calls

Work Orders

Sensus MI FDDIPalm Springs – RTU1 – Dirty Coil 4.3Cinecitta2 – ALS1 – Undercharge 3.2Aprilia – Cond2 – Compressor 6.7

Configurable Notification Levels ensure the right people & systems are aware.

NOTIFY & REPORT

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BENEFITS

“FDD can result in a continuous 10-30% energy savings, support efficient maintenance practices,

extend equipment life, and provide more consistent

occupant comfort and indoor air quality.”

Field experience with Advanced Automated Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) from Energy Commission’s PIER Program.

“SOA” - Service Oriented Architecture

Building 1 Building “n”…..

SCADAService 1 Service 1 Service “n”

Service “n”

Data Center

Website

Remote Website

Remote Website

So HOW are we “hooking up” buildings?

• Web Services – AJAX, OPC DA, WCF, Obix• IP via fiber, wire and wireless• Domain convergence – Process control and IT IT experts working with Control experts HVAC domain expertise and Web Services Expertise

Web Services Standards Employed –

• Windows Communication Foundation ( WCF) Designed for secure, reliable, distributed computing. Facilitates interoperability between dissimilar applications

using Web Services.

• AJAX – (Async JavaScript+XML) Allows “Session-based”transactions between clients and servers, asynchronously, client/server communication without “page refresh”. Data streaming.

• Object oriented programming ( Obix.eg) – a “veneer” over the underlying XML - formatted data and SOAP messaging.

Web Services Standards Employed:• WS “wrappers” around OPC – Microsoft’s

process control suite OPC AE – Alarms and Events OPC HDA – Historical Data Access OPC DA – Data Access XML- DA – Web Services version of OPC DA XAML – Next generation graphics

Obix – Standard Object profiles allow IT professionals to query site- located clients using standard data “abstractions”. Watch for Obix 2.0 this year.

Typical Gridlogix or EnerNOC connection:• JCI NAE serves BACnet over I/P to Ennet gateway. Ennet

gateway is a “grey box PC” communicating to a server in the sky using Web Services.

IP allows quick, reliable data transfer. Web services allows normalization and handling the information.

Hardware – “Brick” form factors or site-located “white-box”PC’s .

Data streaming to remotely hosted “smarts”

“Standard products”• JACE AX/Obix 1.0 driver• Gridlogix EnNet Gateway• Quark “RHEA”• Echelon iLon 100 Smart Server• Loytec Linx-100 server

Impact

Those who already have a “Pipe”connected are adding additional services, and all are using SaaS:• Cisco – IT support services………..and Energy• AT&T – Phones ………………..…….and Energy• Diebold – Security……………..….. and Energy• EnerNOC – Demand Response….. and Energy• Enterprise Services….……………..and Energy

EnerNOC Strategy – (quote from their IBCS Provider ISO advertisement)

• “… when participating in Demand Response with EnerNOC, your business is being enabled to take advantage of a broader energy management opportunity. Coupling EnerNOC’s technology with it’s deep expertise in all facets of energy management provides an opportunity to not only achieve short term gains but also a long term competitive advantage in total energy management. Starting this process with Demand Response is easy.”

Diebold Strategy –• Elaborate “Rules based” automatic alarming

from two 24/7/365 redundant NOCs in Ohio.• “From our state-of-the-art ( Five Diamond

Certified) Event Monitoring Center, we keep a watchful eye on our customers’ facilities. We monitor and respond to signals the indicate variances in facility temperature, illumination of lights or other energy-related measurements.”

EnerNOC Example ( AHR Chicago 12/08):• WCSC deal – they receive about 10,000/mo through their

ISONE DSM rebate program• WCSC pays EnerNOC 10,000/mo to perform FDD’s on data out

that comes out of BAS/additional wireless points, that generates a 13 to 15% Energy savings each month.

• Example of FDD – Cycling VAV box damper fix saves 360$/year

• How much data do they need to perform 70 FDD’s in “real time”?

The traditional relationship model for the Controls Industry is obsolete.• Proprietary systems will be exposed for what

they are - impediments to “connectivity”• “Open” technologies will be used to

facilitate connectivity to facilitate the “new”Energy(et al.) Services

New Players will deliver increasingly valuable Energy Services over the Internet

The Best Defense is a good Offense:• To be successful you create your own” Pipe”

or you will end up “taking the pipe”. …..• Initiate SaaS services• Understand Telecom providers and data warehousing.• Understand and apply Web Services technologies• Alliances with or employ - web services developers, not web page

developers• Become the “domains” expert

“ENOC” Architecture

Building 1 Building “n”…..

SCADAService 1 Service “n”

Service “n”

Data Center

Ops Center SCADA

Service 1

Remote Service

Multi-building, multi-campus Aggregation model• School Districts• Real Estate Management• Banking• “Quick-Stop” chains

SI – Hosted Subscription Service• Adjunct to the traditional service business Enhances the client relationship Mitigates physical distance Communication tool

• PaaS -” Platform as a Service” concept Bundle/Integrate other services: CMMS, Energy Services,

Energy Analysis, Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Bundle with NOC functions – Energy monitoring, and

proactive data mining. Adjust Schedules and set points ADR aggregator

Smart Grid NIST Model – 11/09

OpportunitiesOpportunities

“Children First”School Construction Authority

City of New York

• 1200 Schools in ten regions

• 1.1 million students

• 74,000 teachers

• 5 year capital plan – 200 additional new schools

• 17,000 teaching paraprofessionals

• Largest School District in the USA

“Children First” – Improve the learning experience for K-12 students in NYC – build 200 new schools over ten years

Overall project budget - $13BUSCurrent Funding - $5BUS

Program Goal:- Reduce cost of construction to less than $300/sf with standarddesigns, materials and methods

Program Description

New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

Technology DescriptionLonWorks

- LonTalk chosen as Environmental System Communications Protocol- LonWorks chosen as DDC System Technology- Systems all designed around a “flat” Lon network topology

Wonderware- Wonderware was recommended and selected as User Interface, based on technical superiority, and strength of market share

Network- NYC WAN Cisco Switches and Routers- High Security

New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

CTI Role as FMSI CTI Current Contract . $20MUSCTI Current Site Staff – 18 Managers, Engineers, and TechnciansStaff located in Client Offices in Queens NYCTI Office Support Staff – 2 Engineers, Vermont

FMSI – Facilities Management Systems IntegratorDesigner/ Implementer of Central Host, and GUI at each new SchoolReview and approve all control system design documents and submittals from ContractorsDefend Specifications against Contract Change OrdersConstruction Oversight, Inspection and CoordinationCommissioning of Control System and Feasibility Studies and implementation for Integration of existing systems into Network

New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

SCA Network Schematic Diagram

New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

Central Host Station (CHS) –Multiple WorkstationsRemote Servers in Data CenterSchool Operating Consoles (SOC) in every school

Local Stations - SOC connected to DDC system over Ethernet via routersDDC systems all use LonTalk on each floorCurrently (8) pre-approved TCC’s - Honeywell, JCI, TAC, Distech, et.al.

SCADA System Description

New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

Design mandates: - UI Simplicity - for acceptance by School Operating Engineers - Common User Experience for reduced Training Costs- Reduce implementation costs through replication- Energy Monitoring for LEED compliance verification

SCADA System Description

New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

MS

VPN Remote Access

Wireless

COC/CHCS

RemoteAccess

School WAN

44-46 Vernon Blvd

LNSSERVE

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School LAN

SOC

LONNETWORK

Two Metro Tech Center

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New York City SchoolsNew York City Schools

Control Technologies build a standard client interface

oDetermines location on startup

oBased upon Wonderware provided templates

oCommon look and feel at every school

Navigation:

o Location Dependant

o Location details

o Visually appealing

o Secure

Navigation:

o Based on site model

o Tree navigation

o Inclusive containment

Alarming:

o Based on site model

o Tree navigation

o Extensive customization

Historian:

o Lots of information

o Represents the floor

o Centrally managed

o Equipment selection

User Interface: Floor Plan

User Interface: Zone Terminal Unit

o Standard Graphics

o Represents physical device

o Graphical operational status

o Legends provided

o Standard Graphics

o Represents physical device

o Graphical operational status

o Legends provided

User Interface: Mechanical Equipment

Thanks!