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Better Buildings AllianceRenewables IntegrationTechnical Research Team

Team Call -EVs: Buildings as the New Gas Station June 25, 2019

1:00 – 2:00 PM EST

Welcome!

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https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/renewables-integration

Renewables Integration – Team Goals

Strategic use of renewables Building load flexibility Grid coordination Provide resources, information, and guidance on these topics to

building owners and managers

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Call Agenda

Introduction & Quick Announcements Rois Langner, NREL

Technical Presentation: EVs – Building and Grid Integration Myungsoo Jun, NREL’s Transportation & Hydrogen Systems Center

Technical Presentation: Offering EV Charging at your Building Tristam Coffin, Whole Foods Market

Discussion and Q&A Rois Langner, NREL

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Renewables Integration – Team Players

Technical Team Lead:

Rois LangnerCommercial Buildings Research Group,

NRELE: Rois.Langner@nrel.gov

P: 303-204-7026

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Renewables Integration – Team Players

Theo KassugaManaging Consultant, Energy

Navigant6

Bill GoetzlerManaging Director, Energy

Navigant

Technical Team Support:

Announcements

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Better Buildings Alliance Renewables Integration Team

Buildings-to-Grid Working Group

Kick-Off Meeting in Early August

Looking for participants for two studies:• Portfolio analysis: understand potential for

load flexibility (optimized demand management)

• Field study: implementing building load flexibility solutions

Interested? Email us!Rois Langner: Rois.Langner@NREL.govSelam Haile: Selam.Haile@NREL.gov

Announcements

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Better Buildings Alliance Renewables Integration Team

Team Calls

New topics every other month

Did you miss the last one?

Find it on the Better Buildings Solution Center:

https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/webinars/better-buildings-alliance-renewables-integration-team-biannual-call

April 9th Call:• Building load flexibility and grid coordination• Speakers:

• Monica Neukomm, DOE • Kinga Hydras, GSA• Matt Jungclaus & Cara Carmichael, Rocky

Mountain Institute

Have questions? Email us!Rois Langner: Rois.Langner@NREL.gov

Theo Kassuga: Theo.Kassuga@Navigant.com

Presenters

Myungsoo JunResearcher, Electrical Engineer

NREL’s Transportation & Hydrogen Systems Center9

Tristam CoffinDirector of Sustainability & Facilities

Whole Foods Market

Technical Presentation:Myungsoo Jun, NREL

EV Charging Overview

Myungsoo JunNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

NREL | 12

US Sales of Plug-in Vehicles (by Model)

NREL | 13

US Sales of Plug-in Vehicles (by Year)

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Sales

PEV numbers

NREL | 14

Number of PEV’s and Charging Stations

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PEV numbers

Charging Stations

NREL | 15

Gas Prices and Electric Vehicle Sales

NREL | 16

• Residential charging will contribute to a peak during early evening

• 14% LDV adoption scenario in SMUDo Voltage violations

in 26% substationso 17% transformer

might need to be replaced

EVSE Impact on Grid

Nominal charging load profile from EVI-Pro simulations under a home-dominant charging scenario [1]

Percent of transformers stressed in SMUD territory due to EV charging under 14% LDV adoption [2]

[1] Eric Wood et. al, National Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Analysis, September 2017, DOE/GO-102017-5040[2] SEPA, SMUD, and Black & Veatch, Planning the Distributed Energy Future, Volume II: A case study of utility integrated DER planning from Sacramento Municipal Utility

District. May 2017

NREL | 17

• Demand charges can contribute to significant portions of a company’s utility bill

• In August 2016, demand charges contributed to $90,892 (53%) of NREL’s total monthly billo 17.55 $/kW (Summer rate)

• Minimizing demand from just one 25 kW charger can therefore save up to $438.75 per month.o Higher power or more chargers = more

opportunity for cost savings.• Across the U.S. demand charges can rise even

higher. o Up to 35 $/kW.

Effects of Demand Charge

NREL | 18

• 36 EVSE, 165 registered users as of November, 2018

• Average energy consumption per day o 253 kWh

• Total Energy for a yearo 92.5 MWh

• Average unmanaged daily peak demando 134.5 kW

• Average daily peak timeo 9:04 AM

Characteristics of NREL Workplace Charging

• NREL delivered 317,433 EV miles based on an average 291.4 Wh/mile (=92. 5 MWh ∕ 291.4 Wh/mile) of energy consumed.

0 6 9 12 15 18 24

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Total EVSE Demands

NREL | 19

• Monthly energy charge by EVSE is quite consistent• Monthly demand charge is dependent on monthly peak time controlling charging stations during peak time can reduce total demand and lower monthly demand charge

Electricity Costs by EVSE

NREL | 20

• Demand charge rate: o $14.11/kW for winter & $17.12/kW for summer

• Turning off all the charging stations during peak time could have saved about $5,600

• If peak happens in the morning, cost savings are very significant

Potential Cost Savings by Charge Management

Month 02/16 03/16 04/16 05/16 06/16 07/16 08/16 09/16 10/16 11/16 12/16 01/17

PeakDay 2/23 3/30 4/29 5/6 6/23 7/20 8/29 9/13 10/25 11/17 12/7 1/4

Day of Week Tue Wed Fri Fri Thu Wed Mon Tue Tue Thu Fri Wed

Peak Time

9:00 am

4:45 pm

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2:30 pm

Peak(kW) 4,161 4,046 4,159 4,267 5,186 4,620 4,388 4,253 4,278 4,788 4,605 4,563

EVSE Demand

(kW)96.05 0.46 8.55 7.15 3.17 6.55 4.92 98.45 95.51 15.77 35.85 5.33

Savings $1,355 $6 $121 $101 $54 $112 $84 $1,685 $1,348 $223 $506 $75

NREL | 21

User Interface & User Status Information

NREL | 22

Case with Extended Peak

• June 19, 2018 had heavy rain in the afternoon and it caused huge increases of campus load due to reduced PV generationo More than 1.8 MW increase in less than 20 minutes (1.86 MW at 11:22 AM and 3.7

MW at 11:40 AM) o Charge management was active from 11:55am to 12:45pm

– 50 kW EVSE demand at 11:54 AM and 21 kW at 11:56 AM– Maximum 30.5 kW curtailed $512 savings in demand charge ($16.79/kW)

o If we had turned off all the EVSE’s during that period, we would have curtailed 49 kW and saved $823. Or If same event happened during morning, more than 90kW could have been curtailed with more than $1,500 of savings.

NREL | 23

Demand Charge Mitigation with DC Fast Charger

Demand Charge– Electricity costs based on average

demand in 15-minute time frames of the month

– Reduction of peak demand by distributing the loads can save demand charge

– DC fast chargers are not usually adequate for charge management

• They are for demand of quick charge• They should be integrated with a

stationary ESS for demand charge mitigation

NREL | 24

• An upper and a lower bound of energy that is needed for each flexible load gives range of energy for it at each time frame

• The bound is dependent on type or characteristics of device (PEV, ESS, HVAC, etc.)

Approach

NREL | 25

• Hierarchical and distributed structure

System Architecture

NREL | 26

• 50 kW DC fast charger by Tritiumo OCPP 1.6 compatibleo Dual port with one CHAdeMO and one CCS

• 40 kWh stationary ESS by Sharp • The battery system is tied with the building meter and controls the battery

so that the building load does not exceed a certain threshold value

DC Fast Charger and ESS

NREL | 27

• Building meter is integrated with PV array reads net building load• The stationary battery started to discharge power to the grid once

DCFC is used o It alleviates load by the DCFCo It tries to maintain the average loads below the clipping level

DCFC Demand Charge Mitigation with ESS

NREL | 28

• Charge management system will give benefits for places with large number of EV chargers such as workplace, MDU, shopping malls, etc.

• Charge management will contribute to reduce demand charge in electricity bill.

• For DCFC, integration with ESS will reduce demand charge

Summary and Conclusion

Technical Presentation:Tristam Coffin, Whole Foods Market

Whole Foods Market: The Evolution of Implementing EV Charger InfrastructureBetter Buildings Alliance Renewables Integration

June 2019 Webinar

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The Early Days -Electric Vehicle Charging

Who

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Who

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oods

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Who

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Who

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Electric Vehicle Charging -Today

Charger Count: >350

Fast Charger Count: >50

Stores with chargers: >150

Who

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EV Partnerships• Three primary partners• Three separate partner

models• Other potential

partners• Host vs. purchase

• Question of core competency

• Technology vs. provider choice

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• Level 2 vs. DC Fast Chargers• System and connector consistency• Parking space turnover and exclusive

designations• Electric sub-metering vs. separate utility meters

• Demand charges• Planning for increased usage• Charger expansion

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EV Charging Implementation -Key Questions & Takeaways

Comments? Questions?

Please share your thoughts!

Thank you!

Email: rois.langner@nrel.gov

to be added to our listserv.

Stay tuned for announcements on upcoming BBA Renewables

Integration Team calls!

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