Betekenis in IG

8/8/2019 Betekenis in IG

1/141 2 January 2011 2008 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. All rights reserved.

2008 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

I+M Fellows oktober 2009

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Meaningfulness inInformationGovernance

Information the lifeblood of all organizations

Information Governance

A way for an organization to deal with the use ofinformation between the actors involved within theinformation transaction space.

Information Governing: The totality of interactions between actors that realize

their goals using information they have in common,establishing a normative foundation for all those

activities. Information Governance:

The totality of theoretical conceptions and principlesrelated to information governing.

2 29 okt 2009

Kooper, M., Maes, R., & Roos Lindgreen, E. (2009). Information Governance: In Search of the ForgottenGrail. Retrieved 2009, fromPrimavera: Program for Research in Information Management:http://primavera.fee.uva.nl/PDFdocs/2009-02.pdf

I+M Fellows - Meaningfulness in Information Governance



Information Governance at risk

Dominant notice on information as asset: Discards the subjective wealth of its meaning to users.

In tough times, information can even become a liability

InfoGov = risk management & regulatory compliance

Too technocratic (objectivist)

the alignment of systems and technology to ensure the preservation,availability, security, confidentiality and usability of information.

Nature of information implies that IM should include immaterialelements and concepts (e.g. interpreting and sense making) and the often-overlooked phases of the information processing cycle (e.g. sensing theenvironment) (Bryant, 2007)(Huizing, 2007a)(Introna, 1997)

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Bryant, A. (2007). Information and the CIO. In A. Huizing, & E. J. de Vries, Information Management: Setting the Scene (pp. 57-69).Amsterdam:Elsevier.

Huizing, A. (2007a). The Value of a Rose: Rising Above Objectivism. In A. Huizing, & E. J. de Vries, Information Management: Setting theScene (pp. 91-110). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Introna,L. (1997). Management, Information and Power. Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG21 6XS: MacMillanPress Ltd.


InInInIn----formationformationformationformation



Information had many forms

5 29 okt 2009 I+M Fellows - Meaningfulness in Infor mation Gover nance

Information as imposed truth (late 17th and 18th century)

Information only made sense when it was put into a context like a form, astructure or gave authority to a political, social or scientific idea, that initself had to match a clear worldview (Postman, 1999)

Information through interpretation (20th century) Status and meaning of information

changed. Information as trueknowledge of reality did not existanymore; an interpretive view on

information developed instead Information as trading commodity

Information had many forms

6 29 okt 2009

Postman, N. (1999). Building a Bridge to the 18th Century: How the Past Can Improve Our Future. USA: Knopf.

Ambiguity ahead in governance




Example 1: Ambiguity with meaning ofinformation in organizations

Empirical example: Parliament Change of information related

roles

e.g. for a civil servant theproceedings of a session is justanother item to publish, while for apolitical party it could mean achange of strategy

Actor dependent change ofmeaning of information

e.g. if a political issue involves aparliamentarians private situation,

the meaning of information is evensituational due to the actor change

Staff

Member

Citizen

Stakeholder

Producer

Consumer

Participation level

Role

7 29 okt 2009

Beijer, P., & Meer van der, A. (2008). Constituency involvement through parliamentary back-office integration Enterprise Content Management inparticular. 6th Eastern European eGov days. Prague.


Example 2: The meaning of informationas identity

Meaningful objectsblogs, forums or social networking services like eBay,

Myspace, etc

Object-centered sociality (Knorr-Cetina,1997)

information-centered sociality when information isthe center of gravity ideas of a political party

the sales-figures of the month

People affiliate themselves with information andbehave accordingly

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Knorr-Cetina, K. (1997). Sociality with objects: Social relations in postsocial knowledge societies. Theory, Culture and Society 14, 1-30.




Our view on information changes

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If we consider how neoclassical economics influences information exchange,transfer and usage, and that the model of the perfect market dominates torealize value (Huizing, 2007b), we can notice that the subjectivist view oninformation has lost attention.

The shift towards information-centric thinking (tomorrow) much more reflects tothe individual because information is the source for more personal value when

people affiliate with it.

Late 17th

and 18th

century Yesterday Tomorrow

Scarcity Objectification Abundance

Given / Truth / Certainties Constructs Choices

Norms Concepts & models Personal

Meaning Measure & control Values

Economics Independent

Huizing, A. (2007b). Objectivist by Default. In A. Huizing, & E. J. de Vries, Information Management: Setting the Scene(pp.73-90). Amsterdam: Elsevier.


Information governance, meaningful (MIG)

Traditional IM pursues efficient deployment of informationtechnologyWe reduce information to something that we can codify and

commoditize (objectivist)

MIGhelps the CIO to create organizational understandingon how daily business activities can be shaped by theeffective application use and creation of information

But . . . we then must meaningfully distinguish data, information andknowledge; something an objectivist perspective omits to do so as itexcludes sense-making (Huizing, 2007a)

10 29 okt 2009

Huizing, A. (2007a). The Value of a Rose: Rising Above Objectivism. In A. Huizing, & E. J. de Vries, Information Management:Setting the Scene(pp. 91-110). Amsterdam: Elsevier.




If you think this year was tough

be prepared for more

Your digital universe just doubledand is full of info-glut

Regulation gained teeth ande-discovery went global

and your business is enteringuncertain times

29 okt 200911 I+M Fellows - Meaningfulness in Information Governance

Questions for the CIO

How can information influence organizational truth andmeaning?

How much can meaning change the informational context?

How and when is information meaningful to the business?

How can information enable reciprocity betweenorganization and ecosystem?

How can passive information consumers become active

communicators? How can organizations gain from the abundance of

information?

How informational is the current technology strategy?

12 29 okt 2009 I+M Fel lows -Meani ngful nes s i n I nforma ti on Governance



Meaningfulness in Information Governance

Info-Gov needs a different literacyRoom for expression of the meaning of information in

organizations.

Search for instruments that are practical in this finding truth and value in information and representing it

meaningfully.

subjectivist view on information in the organization

Potential research questions:What structure/agency is needed for InfoGov?

What are the meaningful practices in InfoGov?

What is the necessary discourse to practice InfoGov?


GovernanceGovernanceGovernanceGovernance



Information Governance concerns more thanregulations and control

Just control of standards and guidelines for care andappropriate use of information or . . .

. . . a good climate with shared responsibilities wherepeople can give meaning to information for their dailyactivities?

Creativity & intuition are as much important as goaldirectedness in governance ~Kooiman

The obvious question: what is governance?

15 29 okt 2009

Kooiman, J. (2003). Governing as Governance. In J. Kooiman, Governing as Governance. London: Sage.


Governing as governance (Kooiman)

Governance as interactions against the background ofsocietal features like diversity, complexity & dynamics

Modes of governance (structure) Hierarchical: top-down direction & control to ensure rules are

followed

Co: a network of parties pursue common values

Self: pursue identity through values and norms as a code of conduct

Elements of governance (agency) Instrumentation: e.g. legal, financial, knowledge based

Action: e.g. motivation, exchange, social power

Image: formed through assumptions, knowledge & learning16 29 okt 2009 I+M Fel lows -Meani ngful nes s i n I nforma ti on Governance



Governing images (1) (Kooiman)

Assumptions, knowledge and learning result inimage formationAssumptions: explicit/implicit, hidden/revealed

Knowledge: varies among communities of interactions(i.e. governance modes)

Learning: depends on type of interactions (intervention,interplay, interference) (e.g. double loop learning)

Knowledge & value systems can only be changed

by penetrating and repeatedly challenging themwith new images (i.e. we govern!).


Governing images (2) The images we govern is information in itself!

What is the governability of information?

Communities, is where images on governingissues are formed, discussed & tested

Communication* is the central concept (Shannon++) Interpretative: language, meaning, sharing, ambiguity

Mechanistic: channels, networks, flows, cognition

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*Communication as complex network of interactions where understanding is a necessary condition to besuccessful. (Beyond the technical communication model from Shannon and Weaver)




Can we govern properly withoutappropriate images?

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Societal featuresElements of governance

Diversity Complexity Dynamics

Images/values High Normal Low

Instruments/resources Low High Normal

Action/capital Normal Low High

There is existing knowledge on instruments and actions

Social diversity has unlimited forms

A grip on governing images should create insight on informationgovernance

Ergo, also from a governance perspective it makes sense to studymeaning in Information Governance!

Societal features represented in the three elements of governance


Information as meaning?

Can we communicate meaning?

Can we measure meaning?

Can we describe meaning

What is the relation of meaning with value?

Are there necessary conditions for information to bemeaningful (valuable?) for an enterprise? (i.e. governance)

What are the essential elements for a model wherewith wecan conceptualize the meaning of information and its valueto users and enterprise?




MeaningMeaningMeaningMeaning

Meaning outside the linguistic domain

Somatic meaning Mind activities independent from language

e.g. the meaning of bodily signals like blushing, tears, etc

Meaning as internal interpretation Pattern recognition from phenomena we understand in our world

e.g. the meaning of music, art, etc

Natural meaningAssociations between signs and events without conventions

e.g. These clouds mean rain. Those spots mean measles.




Natural meaning vs. non-natural meaning

Natural:capture the intangible . . .like the relation between causeand effect The measles and rain examples

Non-natural:meaning as a result fromintentions The bell rings means class dismissed


Grice, H. (1957). Meaning. The Philosophical Review , 66(3), 377-388.

A consequentialist theory of meaning

Cause & effect Common in all three types of non-linguistic

meaning

McLuhan: The medium is the message Intrinsic information in the medium . . .

consequences of a medium becoming popular

One meaning of the light bulb: we can read abook at night

But, is it any good to us? Is it meaningfulto us? The individual, society, business, etc (Idealism)




The construction of meaning a pragmatist approach

The pragmatist discussion (Late 19th century) (Peirce, James, Dewey) Clarifying the contents of hypotheses by tracing their practical

consequences

The function of thought is to produce habits of action (Peirce) To find its meaning, determine what habits it produces

The meaning of a thing is simply what habits it involves

Meanings manifest as habits of action

Meanings as a result of the sense-making processes (Weick)

Actionable knowledge as a results of making meaning (Weick)

Meaning associates action!


Peirce, C. S. (1878, January). How to Make Our Ideas Clear. Retrieved July 2009, from Charles Peirce: http://www.peirce.org/writings/p119.html

Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfield, D. (2005). Organizing and the Process of Sensemaking. Organization Science , Vol. 16(Nr. 4), 409-421.

Towards a model of meaning: e.g. thegames industry

Message model of meaning

Linear, Hollywood-style stories

Convey moralistic platitudesthrough systemic play

Orchestrated received meaning e.g. film, music, painting, etc.

Immersion model of meaning

There is no plot (abdication ofauthorship)

The act of travelVisiting places outside the

player's prior experience

Potential to become deeplychanged (3rd order learning)


Gaynor, S. (2009). Retrieved July 2009, from Fullbright - The progress journal of one video game designer:http://fullbright.blogspot.com/2008/11/immersion-model-of-meaning.html

Project Ego will create a life-like experience.Soon, empathy, concern and fear will all be part of theinteractive game experience and perhaps, one day,even tears.


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Information (Governance) and the roleof meaning

What effects or what are theconsequences of information toindividual, group, organization?

e.g. small changes can have largeconsequences

Communities interpret informationin their own unique way. (Fish) People become authors of meaning

Meaning is socially constructed,i.e. context affects (if not dictates)understanding.


Fish, S (1980), Is There aText In This Class?: The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Next: towards a model of meaning for information?

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