© 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.

Henrik Johansson, Security Solutions Architect

07/29/16

Best Practices for Managing Security Operations in AWS

Since migrating to AWS, we created a secure solution for our

customers that can handle thousands of daily transactions, while reducing our costs by 30%

Stefano HarakOnline Senior Product Manager, Vodafone

”

“ Vodafone Italy, based in Milan, provides mobile services for more than 30 million customers.

Customers can buy additional credit for SIM cards using a credit or debit card.

Key requirement was to build a PCI DSS-compliant solution.

Vodafone Italy migrates to AWS and creates a secure environment for customer transactions while reducing capital costs by 30%

Shared Responsibility Model

AWS and you share responsibility for security

AWS Foundation Services

Compute Storage Database Networking

AWS Global Infrastructure

Regions

Availability ZonesEdge Locations

AWS takes care of the security OF the Cloud

YouNetworkSecurity

Identity & Access Control

Customer applications & content

Inventory & Config

Data Encryption

You get to define your controls IN the Cloud

AWS takes care of the security OF the Cloud

You

AWS and you share responsibility for security

AWS Foundation Services

Compute Storage Database Networking

AWS Global Infrastructure

Regions

Availability ZonesEdge Locations

Client-Side Data Encryption

Server-Side Data Encryption

Network Traffic Protection

Platform, Applications, and Identity & Access Management

Operating System, Network, and Firewall Configuration

Customer applications & content

You get to define your controls IN the Cloud

Key AWS certifications and assurance programs

Assurance ProgramsCertifications / AttestationsDoDSRGFedRAMPFIPSIRAPISO 9001ISO 27001ISO 27017ISO 27018MLPS Level 3MTCSPCI DSS Level 1SEC Rule 17-a-4(f)SOC 1SOC 2SOC 3

Laws, Regulations, and PrivacyDNB [Netherlands]EAREU Model ClausesFERPAGLBAHIPAAHITECHIRS 1075ITARMy Number Act [Japan]U.K. DPA – 1988VPAT / Section 508EU Data Protection DirectivePrivacy Act [Australia]Privacy Act [New Zealand]PDPA - 2010 [Malaysia]PDPA - 2012 [Singapore]

Alignments / FrameworksCJISCLIACMSEDGECMSRCSAFDAFedRAMPTICFISCFISMAG-CloudGxP (FDA CFR 21 Part 11)ICREAIT GrundschutzMITA 3.0MPAANERCNISTPHRUptime Institute TiersUK Cloud Security PrinciplesUK Cyber Essentialshttps://aws.amazon.com/compliance/

You benefit from an environment built for the most security-sensitive organizations.

AWS manages 1,800+ security controls so you don’t have to. You get to define the right security controls for your workload

sensitivity. You always have full ownership and control of your data.

What this means

You are in control of privacy

You retain full ownership and control of your content

Choose the AWS Singapore Region and AWS will not replicate it elsewhere unless you choose to do so.

Control format, accuracy, and encryption any way that you choose.

Control who can access content. Control content lifecycle and disposal.

Your data stays where you put it13 regions35 Availability Zones

Announced:4 AWS regions (Canada, China, Ohio, and the United Kingdom)9 Availability Zones

Identity management

Encrypt your sensitive information

Native encryption across services for free Amazon S3, Amazon EBS, Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift End-to-end SSL/TLS

Scalable key management AWS Key Management Service (KMS) provides scalable,

low-cost key management AWS CloudHSM provides hardware-based, high-assurance

key generation, storage, and management

Third-party encryption options Trend Micro, SafeNet, Vormetric, HyTrust, Sophos, etc.

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Enables you to control who can do what in your AWS account Splits into users, groups, roles, and permissions Control

Centralized Fine-grained - APIs, resources, and AWS Management Console

Security Secure (deny) by default

Policy enforcement

Final decision =“Deny”(explicit Deny)

Yes

Final decision =“Allow”

Yes

No Is there anAllow?

4

Decisionstarts at Deny

1Evaluate allapplicable

policies

2

Is there an explicit Deny?

3No Final decision =“Deny”

(default Deny)

5

AWS retrieves all policies associated with the user and resource.

Only policies that match the action and conditions are evaluated.

If a policy statement has a Deny, it trumps all other policy statements.

Access is granted if there is an explicit Allow and no Deny.

• By default, an implicit (default) Deny is returned.

A Deny always wins over an Allow.

IAM anatomy

JSON-formatted documents Statement (permissions) specifies:

Principal Action Resource Condition

{ "Statement":[{ "Effect":"effect", "Principal":"principal", "Action":"action", "Resource":"arn", "Condition":{ "condition":{ "key":"value" } } } ] }

Principal – Examples An entity that is allowed or denied access to a resource Indicated by an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) With IAM policies, the principal element is implicit (i.e., the user, group, or role attached)

<!-- Everyone (anonymous users) -->"Principal":"AWS":"*.*"

<!-- Specific account or accounts -->"Principal":{"AWS":"arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root" }"Principal":{"AWS":"123456789012"}

<!-- Individual IAM user -->"Principal":"AWS":"arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/username"

<!-- Federated user (using web identity federation) -->"Principal":{"Federated":"www.amazon.com"}"Principal":{"Federated":"graph.facebook.com"}"Principal":{"Federated":"accounts.google.com"}

<!-- Specific role -->"Principal":{"AWS":"arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/rolename"}

<!-- Specific service --> "Principal":{"Service":"ec2.amazonaws.com"}

Replace with your account number

Action – Examples Describes the type of access that should be allowed or denied You can find these in the docs or use the policy editor to get a drop-down list Statements must include either an Action or NotAction element

<!-- EC2 action -->"Action":"ec2:StartInstances"

<!-- IAM action -->"Action":"iam:ChangePassword"

<!-- S3 action -->"Action":"s3:GetObject"

<!-- Specify multiple values for the Action element-->"Action":["sqs:SendMessage","sqs:ReceiveMessage"]

<--Use wildcards (* or ?) as part of the action name. This would cover Create/Delete/List/Update-->"Action":"iam:*AccessKey*"

Understanding NotAction Lets you specify an exception to a list of actions Could result in shorter policies than using Action and denying many actions Example: Let’s say you want to allow everything but IAM APIs

{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "NotAction": "iam:*", "Resource": "*" } ]}

Understanding NotAction Lets you specify an exception to a list of actions Could result in shorter policies than using Action and denying many actions Example: Let’s say you want to allow everything but IAM APIs

{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "NotAction": "iam:*", "Resource": "*" } ]}

{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "*", "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Deny", "Action": "iam:*", "Resource": "*" } ]}

or

Understanding NotAction Lets you specify an exception to a list of actions Could result in shorter policies than using Action and denying many actions Example: Let’s say you want to allow everything but IAM APIs

{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "NotAction": "iam:*", "Resource": "*" } ]}

{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "*", "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Deny", "Action": "iam:*", "Resource": "*" } ]}

or

This is not a Deny. A user could still have a separate policy that grants IAM:*

If you want to prevent the user from ever being able to call IAM APIs, use an explicit Deny.

Resource – Examples The object or objects that are being requested Statements must include either a Resource or a NotResource element

<-- S3 Bucket -->"Resource":"arn:aws:s3:::my_corporate_bucket/*"

<-- SQS queue-->"Resource":"arn:aws:sqs:us-west-2:123456789012:queue1"

<-- Multiple DynamoDB tables -->"Resource":["arn:aws:dynamodb:us-west-2:123456789012:table/books_table",

"arn:aws:dynamodb:us-west-2:123456789012:table/magazines_table"]

<-- All EC2 instances for an account in a region --> "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:instance/*"

Conditions

Optional criteria that must evaluate to true for the policy to evaluate as true

Ex: restrict to an IP address range Can contain multiple conditions Condition keys can contain multiple values If a single condition includes multiple values

for one key, the condition is evaluated using logical OR

Multiple conditions (or multiple keys in a single condition): the conditions are evaluated using logical AND

Condition element

Condition 1:

Key1: Value1A

Condition 2:

Key3: Value3A

AND

ANDKey2: Value2A OR Value2B

OR ORKey1: Value1A Value1B Value 1C

Condition example

"Condition" : { "DateGreaterThan" : {"aws:CurrentTime" : "2015-10-08T12:00:00Z"}, "DateLessThan": {"aws:CurrentTime" : "2015-10-08T15:00:00Z"}, "IpAddress" : {"aws:SourceIp" : ["192.0.2.0/24", "203.0.113.0/24"]}}

Allows a user to access a resource under the following conditions: The time is after 12:00 P.M. on 10/8/2015 AND The time is before 3:00 P.M. on 10/8/2015 AND The request comes from an IP address in the 192.0.2.0 /24 OR 203.0.113.0 /24

range

All of these conditions must be met in order for the statement to evaluate to TRUE.

AND

OR

What if you wanted to restrict access to a time frame and IP address range?

Policy variables

Predefined variables based on service request context• Existing keys (aws:SourceIP, aws:CurrentTime, etc.)• Principal-specific keys (aws:username, aws:userid, aws:principaltype)• Provider-specific keys (graph.facebook.com:id,

www.amazon.com:user_id)• SAML keys (saml:aud, saml:iss)• See documentation for service-specific variables

Benefits• Simplifies policy management• Reduces the need for hard-coded, user-specific policies

Use cases we’ll look at• Easily set up user access to “home folder” in Amazon S3• Limit access to specific Amazon EC2 resources

{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": ["s3:ListBucket"], "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::myBucket"], "Condition":

{"StringLike": {"s3:prefix":["home/${aws:username}/*"]}

} }, { "Effect":"Allow", "Action":["s3:*"], "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::myBucket/home/${aws:username}", "arn:aws:s3:::myBucket/home/${aws:username}/*"] } ]}

The anatomy of a policy with variables

Version is required

Variable in conditions

Variable in resource ARNs

Grants a user access to a home directory in Amazon S3 that can be accessed programmatically

IAM best practices

Basic user and permission management

1. Create individual users. Benefits Unique credentials Individual credential rotation Individual permissions Simplifies forensics

Basic user and permission management

1. Create individual users.2. Grant least privilege.

Benefits Less chance of people making

mistakes Easier to relax than tighten up More granular control

Basic user and permission management

1. Create individual users.2. Grant least privilege.3. Manage permissions with groups.

Benefits Easier to assign the same

permissions to multiple users Simpler to reassign permissions

based on change in responsibilities

Only one change to update permissions for multiple users

Basic user and permission management

1. Create individual users.2. Grant least privilege.3. Manage permissions with groups.4. Restrict privileged access further with

conditions.

Benefits Additional granularity when

defining permissions Can be enabled for any AWS

service API Minimizes chances of

accidentally performing privileged actions

Basic user and permission management

1. Create individual users.2. Grant least privilege.3. Manage permissions with groups.4. Restrict privileged access further with

conditions.5. Enable AWS CloudTrail to get logs of API

calls.

Benefits Visibility into your user activity

by recording AWS API calls to an Amazon S3 bucket

Credential management

6. Configure a strong password policy.

Benefits Ensures your users and your

data are protected

Credential management

6. Configure a strong password policy. 7. Rotate security credentials regularly.

Benefits Normal best practice

Credential management

6. Configure a strong password policy. 7. Rotate security credentials regularly.8. Enable multi-factor authentication

(MFA) for privileged users.

Benefits Supplements user name and

password to require a one-time code during authentication

Delegation

9. Use IAM roles to share access.

Benefits No need to share security

credentials No need to store long-term

credentials Use cases

Cross-account access Intra-account delegation Federation

Delegation

9. Use IAM roles to share access.10. Use IAM roles for Amazon EC2 instances.

Benefits Easy to manage access keys

on EC2 instances Automatic key rotation Assign least privilege to the

application AWS SDKs fully integrated AWS CLI fully integrated

Delegation

9. Use IAM roles to share access.10. Use IAM roles for Amazon EC2 instances.11. Reduce or remove use of root.

Benefits Reduce potential for misuse of

credentials

Top 11 IAM best practices1. Users – Create individual users.2. Permissions – Grant least privilege.3. Groups – Manage permissions with groups.4. Conditions – Restrict privileged access further with conditions.5. Auditing – Enable AWS CloudTrail to get logs of API calls. 6. Password – Configure a strong password policy. 7. Rotate – Rotate security credentials regularly.8. MFA – Enable MFA for privileged users.9. Sharing – Use IAM roles to share access.10. Roles – Use IAM roles for Amazon EC2 instances.11. Root – Reduce or remove use of root.

IAM users vs. federated users

Depends on where you want to manage your users On-premises → Federated users (IAM roles) In your AWS account → IAM users

Other important use cases Delegating access to your account → Federated users (IAM roles) Mobile application access → Should always be federated access

IMPORTANT: Never share security credentials.

AWS access keys vs. passwords

Depends on how your users will access AWS Console → Password API, CLI, SDK → Access keys

Make sure to rotate credentials regularly Use credential reports to audit credential rotation. Configure password policy. Configure policy to allow access key rotation.

Invalidating temporary security credentials{ "Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{ "Effect": "Deny", "Action": "*", "Resource": "*", "Condition":

{ "DateLessThan":

{"aws:TokenIssueTime": "2013-12-15T12:00:00Z”} }

}]}

https://blogs.aws.amazon.com/security/post/Tx1P6IGLLZ935I4/What-to-Do-If-You-Inadvertently-Expose-an-AWS-Access-Key

Enabling credential rotation for IAM users(Enable access key rotation sample policy)

Access keys{ "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [

"iam:CreateAccessKey","iam:DeleteAccessKey","iam:ListAccessKeys","iam:UpdateAccessKey"],

"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:

user/${aws:username}"}]}

1. While the first set of credentials is still active, create a second set of credentials, which will also be active by default.

2. Update all applications to use the new credentials.

3. Change the state of the first set of credentials to Inactive.

4. Using only the new credentials, confirm that your applications are working well.

5. Delete the first set of credentials.

Steps to rotate access keys

Inline policies vs. managed policies

Use inline policies when you need to: Enforce a strict one-to-one relationship between policy and principal. Avoid the wrong policy being attached to a principal. Ensure the policy is deleted when deleting the principal.

Use managed policies when you need: Reusability. Central change management. Versioning and rollback. Delegation of permissions management. Automatic updates for AWS managed policies. Larger policy size.

Groups vs. managed policies

Provide similar benefitsCan be used to assign the same permission to many users.Central location to manage permissions.Policy updates affect multiple users.

Use groups when you need to Logically group and manage users .

Use managed policies when you need to Assign the same policy to users, groups, and roles.

Combine the power of groups AND managed policies

Use groups to organize your users into logical clusters. Attach managed policies to groups with the permissions those groups need.

Pro tip: Create managed policies based on logically separated permissions such as AWS service or project, and attach managed policies mix-and-match style to your groups.

One AWS account vs. multiple AWS accounts?Use a single AWS account when you: Want simpler control of who does what in your AWS environment. Have no need to isolate projects/products/teams. Have no need for breaking up the cost.

Use multiple AWS accounts when you: Need full isolation between projects/teams/environments. Want to isolate recovery data and/or auditing data (e.g., writing your

CloudTrail logs to a different account). Need a single bill, but want to break out the cost and usage.

Segmented AWS account structure

Procurement and Finance

SOC/Auditors

Billing account

Production accounts

User managementaccount

Security/Auditaccount

Application Owners

Security/auditUtilityFinancial

Consolidated Billing, Billing Alerts

Read-only access for all accounts

Dev/Test accounts

Operational

LoggingaccountBackup/DR account

Key management account

Shared services account

Domain Specific Admins

Event and State Logging

Read-only access to logging data

Infrastructure as code

Infrastructure as code is a practice whereby traditional infrastructure management techniques are supplemented and often replaced by using code-based tools and software development techniques.

“It’s all software”

AWS Resources

Operating System and Host Configuration

Application Configuration

AWS Resources Operating System and Host Configuration

Application Configuration

Infrastructure Resource Management

Host Configuration Management

Application Deployment

AWS Resources Operating System and Host Configuration

Application Configuration

AWS CloudFormation

AWS OpsWorks

AWS CodeDeploy

AWS Resources Operating System and Host Configuration

Application Configuration

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)AWS CodePipeline…

Windows RegistryLinux Networking OpenSSHLDAPAD Domain RegistrationCentralized loggingSystem MetricsDeployment agentsHost monitoring…

Application dependenciesApplication configurationService registrationManagement scriptsDatabase credentials…

AWS CloudFormation

AWS OpsWorks

AWS CodeDeploy

Template CloudFormation Stack

JSON formatted fileParameter definition

Resource creation

Configuration actions

Configured AWS resourcesComprehensive service support

Service event aware

Customizable

FrameworkStack creation

Stack updates

Error detection and rollback

CloudFormation – Components & technology

Template File Defining Stack

GitPerforce

SVN…

Dev

Test

Prod

The entire infrastructure can be represented in an AWS CloudFormation

template.

Use the version control system of your choice to store and track changes to this template

Build out multiple environments using the same template, such as for Development, Test, Production, and even DR

Many stacks & environments from one template

What security benefits does this give

Ability to perform “Code Audit” on your infrastructure Look for unauthorized network configurations Verify security groups Verify operating system Use with AWS CodeCommit trigger or GitHub hooks

Split ownership (single file or merge) App team owns main section Network team owns VPC/subnets Security team owns security groups

Automate upon check-in!

Where else can this be applied?

CloudFormation template

Task definition Application- specification file (AppSpec file)

…and more.

*AWS CloudFormation AWS CodeDeployAmazon EC2 Container Service

Audit and log your AWS service usage

If it moves…log it!

Why cloud logging/monitoring is different

Distributed servers coming and going (e.g., Auto Scaling, micro services)

More visibility (e.g., AWS CloudTrail) In the cloud, we have more log types than in the data center.

More different kinds of data. Many distinct log sources not monitored by same systems on premises.

Networking (Amazon VPC Flow Logs) System/application Configuration (very difficult on-premises) Large amount of information(e.g., Amazon VPC Flow Logs)

Different log categories

AWS infrastructure logs

AWS CloudTrail Amazon VPC Flow

Logs

AWS service logs

Amazon S3 Elastic Load Balancing Amazon CloudFront AWS Lambda AWS Elastic Beanstalk …

Host-based logs

Messages Security NGINX/Apache/IIS Windows Event Logs Windows Performance

Counters …

Different log categories

AWS infrastructure logs

AWS CloudTrail Amazon VPC Flow

Logs

AWS service logs

Amazon S3 Elastic Load Balancing Amazon CloudFront AWS Lambda AWS Elastic Beanstalk …

Host-based logs

Messages Security NGINX/Apache/IIS Windows Event Logs Windows Performance

Counters …

Security-related events

Amazon CloudWatch LogsMonitor logs from Amazon EC2 instances in real time

Ubiquitous logging and monitoringAmazon CloudWatch Logs lets you grab everything and monitor activity Storage is cheap - collect and keep your logs Agent based (Linux and Windows) Export data

• To Amazon S3• Stream to Amazon Elasticsearch Service or AWS Lambda

Integration with metrics and alarms means you can continually scan for events you know might be suspicious

Combine/use third-party productsIF (detect web attack> 10 in a 1-minute period)

ALARM == INCIDENT IN PROGRESS!

AWS CloudTrailRecords AWS API calls for your account

What can you answer using a CloudTrail event? Who made the API call?

When was the API call made?

What was the API call?

Which resources were acted upon in the API call?

Where was the API call made from and made to?

Supported services:http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-supported-services.html

What does an event look like?{

"eventVersion": "1.01","userIdentity": {

"type": "IAMUser", // Who?"principalId": "AIDAJDPLRKLG7UEXAMPLE",

"arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Alice", //Who? "accountId": "123456789012","accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE","userName": "Alice","sessionContext": {

"attributes": {"mfaAuthenticated": "false","creationDate": "2014-03-18T14:29:23Z"

}}

},

"eventTime": "2014-03-18T14:30:07Z", //When?"eventSource": "cloudtrail.amazonaws.com",

"eventName": "StartLogging", //What?"awsRegion": "us-west-2",//Where to?"sourceIPAddress": "72.21.198.64", // Where from?"userAgent": "AWSConsole, aws-sdk-java/1.4.5 Linux/x.xx.fleetxen Java_HotSpot(TM)_64-Bit_Server_VM/xx","requestParameters": {

"name": "Default“ // Which resource?},// more event details

}

AWS CloudTrail best practices

AWS CloudTrail best practices

1. Enable in all regions Benefits Also tracks unused regions Can be done in single

configuration step

AWS CloudTrail best practices

1. Enable in all regions2. Enable log file validation

Benefits Ensure log-file integrity Validated log files are invaluable

in security and forensic investigations

Built using industry standard algorithms: SHA-256 for hashing and SHA-256 with RSA for digital signing

AWS CloudTrail will start delivering digest files on an hourly basis

Digest files contain hash values of log files delivered and are signed by CloudTrail

AWS CloudTrail best practices

1. Enable in all regions2. Enable log file validation3. Encrypted logs

Benefits By default, CloudTrail encrypts

log files using S3 server-side encryption (SSE-S3)

You can choose to encrypt using AWS KMS (SSE-KMS)

S3 will decrypt on your behalf if your credentials have decrypt permissions

AWS CloudTrail best practices

1. Enable in all regions2. Enable log file validation3. Encrypted logs4. Integrate with Amazon

CloudWatch Logs

Benefits Simple search Configure alerting on events

AWS CloudTrail best practices

1. Enable in all regions2. Enable log file validation3. Encrypted logs4. Integrate with Amazon

CloudWatch Logs5. Centralize logs from all

accounts

Benefits Configure all accounts to send

logs to a central security account

Reduce risk for log tampering Can be combined with S3 CRR Include dev/stage accounts!

VPC Flow LogsLog network traffic for Amazon VPC, subnet, or single interfaces

VPC Flow Logs Stores log in AWS CloudWatch Logs Can be enabled on

Amazon VPC, a subnet, or a network interface Amazon VPC and subnet enables logging for all interfaces in the VPC/subnet Each network interface has a unique log stream

Flow logs do not capture real-time log streams for your network interfaces Can capture on interfaces for other AWS services

Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon RDS, Amazon ElastiCache, Amazon Redshift, and Amazon WorkSpaces

Filter desired result based on need All, Reject, Accept Troubleshooting or security related with alerting needs? Think before enabling all on VPC—will you use it?

Log management and analytics

ELK (Elasticsearch Service + Logstash + Kibana)

Elasticsearch Service + Kibana + Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Third-party solution

AWS Technology Partner solutions integrated with CloudTrail

New

AWS Technology Partner solutions integrated with CloudTrail

Automating your compliance checks

Multiple levels of automation

Self managed AWS CloudTrail -> Amazon CloudWatch Logs -> Amazon CloudWatch Alerts AWS CloudTrail -> Amazon SNS -> AWS Lambda

Compliance validation AWS Config Rules

Host-based compliance validation Amazon Inspector

Active change remediation Amazon CloudWatch Events

AWS Config RulesAutomated compliance validation

Tools - AWS Config RulesTime based When configuration snapshot is delivered Choose between 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours

Change based EC2, IAM, CloudTrail, or tags

AWS managed or custom checks using Lambda Control compliance status using Lambda Encrypted volumes, CloudTrail, EIP attached, SSH access, Amazon

EC2 in Amazon VPC, restricted common ports, and require tags

How do I know what happened?{     ”account”: “123456789012”,     ”region”: “us-east-1”,     ”detail”: {         ”eventVersion”: “1.02”,         ”eventID”: “c78ce8de-46ee-4fea-bcf4-0e889d419f2f”,         ”eventTime”: “2016-01-18T03:32:18Z”,         ”requestParameters”: {             ”userName”: “trigger”         },         ”eventType”: “AwsApiCall”,         ”responseElements”: {             ”user”: {                 ”userName”: “trigger”,                 ”path”: “/”,                 ”createDate”: “Jan 18, 2016 3:32:18 AM”,                 ”userId”: “AIDACKCEVSQ6C2EXAMPLE”,                 ”arn”: “arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/trigger”             }          },         ”awsRegion”: “us-east-1”,         ”eventName”: “CreateUser”, 

        ”userIdentity”: {             ”userName”: “IAM-API-RW”,             ”principalId”: “AIDACKCEVSQ6C2EXAMPLE”,             ”accessKeyId”: “AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE”,             ”type”: “IAMUser”,             ”arn”: “arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/IAM-API-RW”,             ”accountId”: “123456789012”         },         ”eventSource”: “iam.amazonaws.com”,         ”requestID”: “13bb5711-bd94-11e5-9abd-af4e7ff9090f”,         ”userAgent”: “aws-cli/1.9.20 Python/2.7.10 Darwin/15.2.0

botocore/1.3.20”,         ”sourceIPAddress”: “192.0.2.10”     },     ”detail-type”: “AWS API Call via CloudTrail”,     ”source”: “aws.iam”,     ”version”: “0”,     ”time”: “2016-01-18T03:32:18Z”,     ”id”: “d818DD19-7b16-4e1d-a491-794a26b51657”, 

The key to custom rules

response = client.put_evaluations(Evaluations=[

{'ComplianceResourceType': 'string','ComplianceResourceId': 'string','ComplianceType':

'COMPLIANT'|'NON_COMPLIANT'|'NOT_APPLICABLE'|'INSUFFICIENT_DATA','Annotation': 'string', 'OrderingTimestamp': datetime(2015, 1, 1) },

],ResultToken='string’

)

The key to custom rules

response = client.put_evaluations(Evaluations=[

{'ComplianceResourceType': 'string','ComplianceResourceId': 'string','ComplianceType':

'COMPLIANT'|'NON_COMPLIANT'|'NOT_APPLICABLE'|'INSUFFICIENT_DATA','Annotation': 'string', 'OrderingTimestamp': datetime(2015, 1, 1) },

],ResultToken='string’

)

Use annotation for pulling rule status using CLI

AWS Config Rules repository

AWS Community repository of custom Config Ruleshttps://github.com/awslabs/aws-config-rules

Contains Node and Python samples for custom rules for AWS Config

Amazon CloudWatch EventsThe central nervous system for your AWS environment

Tools - Amazon CloudWatch Events

Trigger on event Amazon EC2 instance state change notification AWS API call (very specific) AWS Management Console sign-in Auto Scaling (no lifecycle hooks)

Or schedule (used by AWS Lambda) Cron is in the cloud! No more “unreliable town clock” Min 5 minutes

Single event can have multiple targets

Different sources have different events”eventName”: “CreateUser”, ”userIdentity”: { 

”userName”: “IAM-API-RW”, ”principalId”: “AIDACKCEVSQ6C2EXAMPLE”, ”accessKeyId”: “AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE”, ”type”: “IAMUser”, ”arn”: “arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user”accountId”: “123456789012” 

”eventName”: “CreateUser”, "userIdentity": { 

"principalId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE:admin", "accessKeyId": ”GFSHKUOLZG53JE5DHKRC", 

"sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "userName": ”AssumeAdministrator", "type": "Role", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Administrator", "principalId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE", "accountId": "123456789012" }, "attributes": { "creationDate": "2016-01-18T16:50:04Z", "mfaAuthenticated": "false" } }, "type": "AssumedRole", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/Administrator/admin", "accountId": "123456789012" 

How can I get the different events?

import json

def lambda_handler(event, context):eventdump = json.dumps(event, indent=2)print("Received event: " + json.dumps(event, indent=2))return eventdump

Risks with automatic remediation

You can now automatically mess up your approved changes

No proper alerting and follow-up on automatic events Overcomplicated and undercomplicated scripts No info on desired state Race the hacker…automation wars!

Amazon InspectorAutomated security assessment service

What is Amazon Inspector?Enables you to analyze the behavior of your AWS resources and helps identify potential security issues

Application security assessment Agent based 15 minutes–24 hours

Selectable built-in rules (rule packages) Common vulnerabilities and exposures CIS Operating System Security Configuration Benchmarks Security best practices Run-time behavior analysis

Security findings – guidance and management Automatable via APIs

Don’t forget built-in reporting

AWS Trusted Advisor checks your account

IAM credential reports

Summing up

Enforce separation of duties and least privilege accounts

MFA on users; enforce using IAM policies

Know what is security vs. troubleshooting logs

Storage is cheap, not knowing can be very expensive – log if possible

Alerting is good, automating your security response is better

Use managed services and built-in reporting to offload and automate

See the big picture: what info do you want and what tool can give it to you

Thank you!