Best Practices & Key Considerations for Enhancing Federal Facility Security andResilience to Climate-Related Hazards

1st Edition December 2015

InteragencySecurityCommittee

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Best Practices & Key Considerations for Enhancing Federal Facility Security and Resilience to Climate-Related Hazards

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Message from the Executive Director Protecting Federal employees and private citizens who work within and visit U.S. Government-owned or leased facilities from all hazards is a complex and challenging responsibility. Comprising 56 Federal departments and agencies, the Interagency Security Committees (ISC) primary mission is to accomplish this goal through providing guidelines, security standards, and best practices for nonmilitary Federal facilities in the United States. To ensure continued personnel safety, mission performance, and secure buildings, the ISC must consider necessary preparations for the impacts of climate change. As stated in Executive Order E.O. 13653, Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change, November 2013, federal departments and agencies have prepared Agency Adaptation Plans that evaluate the most significant climate change related risks to, and vulnerabilities in, actions that agencies will take to manage these risks and vulnerabilities.

As Acting Executive Director of the ISC, I am pleased to introduce, Best Practices & Key Considerations for Enhancing Federal Facility Security and Resilience to Climate-Related Hazards. This document was developed to identify threats posed by climate change to Federal assets, missions, operations, and workforce, and provide guidance and security planning considerations for agencies housed in nonmilitary Federal facilities. The main purpose of this document is to identify short and long-term strategies to enhance physical security and resilience against climate-related threats.

The authorities that have been used for the purpose of this document are Executive Orders (E.O.) 12977, 13653, and 13693. E.O. 13693 requires all Federal departments and agencies evaluate risks and vulnerabilities posed by climate change, manage the effects, and create adaptation plans documented in their annual Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan (SSPP). Consistent with E.O. 12977 (October 19, 1995), Best Practices & Key Considerations for Enhancing Federal Facility Security and Resilience to Climate-Related Hazards should be applied to all buildings and facilities in the United States occupied by Federal employees for nonmilitary activities. These include existing owned; to be purchased or leased facilities; stand-alone facilities; Federal campuses; individual facilities on Federal campuses; and special-use facilities.

Climate change will affect critical infrastructure, personnel, missions, and facilities in the near and distant future. Taking climate change into consideration is a fundamental goal of this document and will serve to proactively safeguard nonmilitary facilities and operations nationwide.

Bernard Holt Acting Executive Director Interagency Security Committee

Best Practices & Key Considerations for Enhancing Federal Facility Security and Resilience to Climate-Related Hazards

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Table of Contents Message from the Executive Director ........................................................................................ iii 1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Applicability and Scope............................................................................................................. 1 3 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 2 4 Frequency and Intensity of Climate-Related Hazards........................................................... 3

4.1 Emission Scenarios............................................................................................................... 3 4.2 U.S. Regions......................................................................................................................... 4

4.2.1 Northeast Region........................................................................................................... 4 4.2.2 Southeast and Caribbean Region .................................................................................. 5 4.2.3 Midwest Region ............................................................................................................ 6 4.2.4 Great Plains Region ...................................................................................................... 6 4.2.5 Southwest Region ......................................................................................................... 7 4.2.6 Northwest Region ......................................................................................................... 8 4.2.7 Alaska............................................................................................................................ 8 4.2.8 Hawaii and the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands ............................................................. 9

5 Climate-Related Hazard Impacts............................................................................................. 9 5.1 Primary Effects of Climate-Related Hazards on Critical Infrastructure ............................ 10 5.2 Cascading Effects of Climate-Related Hazards on Critical Infrastructure......................... 11 5.3 Impacts on Lifeline Functions and Interdependencies ....................................................... 14

5.3.1 Energy Functions ........................................................................................................ 14 5.3.2 Transportation Functions ............................................................................................ 15 5.3.3 Communications Functions......................................................................................... 15 5.3.4 Water/Wastewater Functions ...................................................................................... 16

5.4 Facilities ............................................................................................................................. 16 5.5 Human Health..................................................................................................................... 17 5.6 Occupational Health ........................................................................................................... 18 5.7 Land Use and Land Cover Change..................................................................................... 19

5.7.1 Protected National Areas ............................................................................................ 20 6 Preventive Measures................................................................................................................ 20

6.1 Emergency Preparedness Plans .......................................................................................... 20 6.2 Physical Security Resources............................................................................................... 21 6.3 Continuity Plan & Emergency Operations Plan ................................................................. 21 6.4 Response Strategies............................................................................................................ 22

7 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments and Risk Mitigation Options for Consideration .............................................................................................................................. 23

7.1 Vulnerability Assessments ................................................................................................. 24 7.1.1 Factors of Security to Include in Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments .......... 24 7.1.2 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework ............................................. 24

7.2 Mitigation Options for Consideration ................................................................................ 28 8 Impacts to the Federal Security Officer ................................................................................ 31

8.1 Facility Security Officer Knowledge Level ....................................................................... 31 8.2 Security Officer Training ................................................................................................... 31 8.3 Property/Security Manager Considerations........................................................................ 32 8.4 Training and Contract Requirements ................................................................................. 32

9 Case Studies for U.S. Federal Facilities ................................................................................. 33 Best Practices & Key Considerations for Enhancing Federal Facility Security and Resilience to Climate-Related Hazards

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10 Cross-Government Coordination and Resources............................................................... 34 11 General Climate Change and Related Resources............................................................... 36

11.1 Vulnerability Assessment Resources ............................................................................... 40 12 References .............................................................................................................................. 41 Interagency Security Committee Participants ......................................................................... 52 Appendix A: Example of Preventive Measures for Clim