Best Practice Guide to: Pipe Marking › wp... · Marine Pipe Marking Guide (based on ISO...
Transcript of Best Practice Guide to: Pipe Marking › wp... · Marine Pipe Marking Guide (based on ISO...
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Best Practice Guide to:
Pipe Marking
This document contains information derived from sources we deem reliable. Graphic Products, Inc. has made reasonable efforts to ensure correctness but does not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products makes no warranties express or implied regarding the contained subject matter. Contents are subject to change without notice. Graphic Products disclaims liability for injury, damage, or loss arising from reliance on the information contained herein. Users of this information should independently consult municipal, state, or federal code and/or verify information with the appropriate regulatory agency.
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................2
GENERAL PIPE MARKING: ANSI/ASME A13.1 ..............................................3
About the StandardColor CodingLabel SizesPrinted DetailsMarker Positioning
STANDARDS FOR SPECIAL CASES .................................................................7
Ammonia Refrigeration: IIAR Bulletin No. 114Healthcare Facilities: NFPA 99 and CGA C-9Ships and Oceanic Facilities: ISO 14726Water Treatment: Ten States Standards
MARKING YOUR FACILITY ..................................................................................8
Which Pipes Should Be LabeledInspecting Your FacilityCreating Your Pipe Markers
REFERENCE MATERIAL .......................................................................................11
General Pipe Marking Guide (based on ANSI/ASME A13.1)
Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide (based on IIAR Bulletin No. 114)
Pipe Marking for Healthcare Facilities (based on NFPA 99 and CGA C-9)
Marine Pipe Marking Guide (based on ISO 14726:2008)
Water Treatment Pipe Marking Guide (based on the Ten States Standards)
Commercial Building Pipe Marking (suggested system based on ANSI/ASME A13.1)
Evaluation Checklist
Standard Abbreviations
CONTENTS
ANSI/ASME A13.1 is a good starting point for most pipe marking projects.
Standards for special cases like Ammonia Refrigeration.
pg 3
pg 7
Content may have been updated to reflect the latest codes, standards, and regulations or to address any errors or omissions. For the most up to date edition, visit: GraphicProducts.com/guides
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INTRODUCTIONThe following pages provide basic instructions for pipe label design, printing, and placement. These recommended practices will help improve facility efficiency and increase safety through visual communication.
There are many names for contained structures that direct the flow of a fluid: pipes, lines, tubing, conduits, and so on. While the terminology varies, the goal is the same everywhere. Workers, site visitors, and emergency responders need to know what’s in those pipes. The solution is pipe marking.
This guide is designed to help your facility comply with widely accepted standards for pipe marking. Following these standards helps ensure that everyone who enters your facility has the information they need to work safely and efficiently.
Keep this guide handy to help you and your staff understand how to create compliant pipe markers. The goal is to reduce confusion, and to avoid dangerous situations, injuries, and even deaths, by using bold, simple, and consistent labeling methods.
Need help with your pipe marking? Graphic Products offers on-site Compliance Assessment Services that include on-site audits, recommendations, and best practices for general and application-specific pipe marking. Call 877.534.5157 or visit GraphicProducts.com/CAS for more information.
Pipe markers play a vital role in safety. They can provide information for emergency responders and save lives of on-site workers.
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GENERAL PIPE MARKING: ANSI/ASME A13.1There are dozens of standards for pipe marking, and they range widely in applicability, popularity, and legal requirements. Because local regulations often specify a preferred standard, you should always check with your local authorities before beginning a pipe marking project. This section of the guide will provide basic reference material for the most common standard, ANSI/ASME A13.1, which forms an excellent starting point for most pipe marking projects.
About the StandardThe ANSI/ASME A13.1 standard is the single broadest recommendation for pipe marking in the United States. OSHA regulations even refer to it for some specific industries, and it is widely used across other industries as well.
This standard was created in 2007 by combining the older ANSI A13.1 standard, from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), with recommendations from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). The older system used a color code that identified only whether a hazard existed or not; the 2007 standard improved that system, using colors to identify what kind of hazard was present, if any.
The 2007 standard was reaffirmed without changes in 2013, but the 2015 edition included some minor revisions.
• Oxidizing materials were added to the color code. They are identified with black text on a yellow background, sharing that color scheme with the existing category of flammable materials.
• The hazard pictograms from the United Nations’ Globally Harmonized System (GHS) were included as optional printed elements. These symbols can allow users to include additional standardized information about hazardous materials.
The most recent edition of the standard can be purchased at ansi.org or asme.org.
Color CodingThe first step in designing a pipe marker is to choose the colors to be used. ANSI/ASME A13.1 recommends a color code based on the hazards posed by a given pipe’s contents. If multiple hazards are possible, use the most significant hazard.
For the purposes of the A13.1 color code:
• “Fire Quenching” includes all fire suppression systems, from water sprinklers to CO2 flooding sys1 sm ems.
• “Toxic or Corrosive” covers all materials that are themselves toxic or corrosive, or generate toxic or corrosive materials if accidentally released.
• “Flammable or Oxidizing” refers to two different but related hazards. The standard uses “flammable” to describe
vapors that can burn in the air, or fluids that can release such vapors, in the conditions that will be present in the facility. (Other standards and regulations use this term with slightly different definitions.) “Oxidizing” refers to materials that may not burn on their own, but contribute to the flammability of other materials.
• “Combustible” refers to any fluid that could pose a fire hazard, but is not “Flammable” according to the criteria above. (Again, this definition is different from those used in many other standards and regulations.)
• “Water” covers all water systems that are not specifically used for fire control.
• “Compressed Air” refers to any vapors that are not covered by one of the other categories.
PIPE CONTENTS COLOR CODE
Fire quenching White text on red
Toxic or corrosive Black text on orange
Flammable or oxidizing Black text on yellow
Combustible White text on brown
Water White text on green
Compressed air White text on blue
USER DEFINED White text on purple
USER DEFINED Black text on white
USER DEFINED White text on gray
USER DEFINED White text on black
This color code uses the ANSI “Safety Colors,” which are specifically defined color shades to ensure consistency and clarity. Other color choices may be acceptable; check with your local authorities. Document your choices to keep consistent. Colors must be bright enough and different enough that an ordinary viewer has no trouble identifying which color is which.
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GENERAL PIPE MARKING: ANSI/ASME A13.1
No color code will be helpful if the viewer doesn’t understand it. The complete color code your facility uses should always be posted in a clearly-visible location. This helps to remind workers of their facility’s organization, and quickly informs site visitors and emergency responders.
Label SizesWhen determining the size of any label, the major concern should be making the label large enough for viewers to see and understand at a safe distance. This holds true for pipe markers: naturally, larger pipes need larger labels, while smaller pipes offer less room for marking. The size for a pipe marker is generally based on the outer diameter (or O.D.) of the pipe to be labeled, including any outer covering or insulation.
This chart provides recommended minimum dimensions. These refer to the size of a pipe marking label, or to the section of pipe that is painted as a background for text.
OUTER DIAMETER OF PIPE
LENGTH OF LABEL
HEIGHT OF LABEL*
0.75"-1.25" (19-32 mm) 8" (200 mm) 1" (25 mm)
1.5"-2" (38-51 mm) 8" (200 mm) 1" (25 mm)
2.5"-6" (64-150 mm) 12" (300 mm) 2" (50 mm)
8"-10" (200-250 mm) 24" (600 mm) 3" (75 mm)
Over 10" (over 250 mm) 32" (800 mm) 4" (100 mm)
*Label heights shown are based on the text sizes recommended in the ANSI/ASME A13.1 standard, with a small margin for added visibility.
Printed DetailsText is the most precise way to convey pipe contents. While ANSI/ASME A13.1 recommends a color code for quick identification, it specifies that the most important element on the label is the text, or “legend.”
The text on a pipe label should be brief and simple, but specific. Start by identifying what material the pipe carries. Additional information that indicates a hazard, such as temperature or pressure, should be included as well.
For optimum readability, the text on your labels should:
• Use all capital letters. Capitals are easier to identify from a distance.
• Appear in a “sans-serif” or “block letter” typeface (like Arial or Helvetica), rather than a “serif” typeface (like Times New Roman or Courier).
• Spell out most words. Use abbreviations only when they are clear and easy to recognize, and when it is impractical to include the entire word or phrase. A pipe abbreviation chart is included in the Reference Material section of this guide.
There are recommended text sizes which correspond to the outer diameter of the pipe. These sizes measure a capital letter from top to bottom.
OUTER DIAMETER OF PIPE HEIGHT OF LETTERS
0.75"-1.25" (19-32 mm) 0.5" (13 mm)
1.5"-2" (38-51 mm) 0.75" (19 mm)
2.5"-6" (64-150 mm) 1.25" (32 mm)
8"-10" (200-250 mm) 2.5" (64 mm)
Over 10" (over 250 mm) 3.5" (89 mm)
With common word processing software, you may only be able to set the size of text in “points.” Common document text is often a 10-point or 12-point size. To approximate the height of a capital letter in inches, divide the text size in points by 100. For example, a capital letter at a 100-point size will be about one inch high, and the same letter at 200 points will be about two inches high. Specialized software, such as the DuraSuite label design program from Graphic Products, allows you to specify an exact text size in inches or centimeters.
For hazardous chemicals, you may choose to add the GHS pictograms for the hazards posed by the contents of a pipe. This can offer an alternative way to describe hazards, matching the international system for chemical hazard classification. These symbols are only optional, and not required under the ANSI/ASME standard.
The direction of flow should also be indicated on a pipe marker, typically with printed arrows that accompany the text. These arrows can appear at one or both ends of the label, pointing in the direction of flow. If the flow direction changes, the arrows may point in both directions.
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GENERAL PIPE MARKING: ANSI/ASME A13.1
Marker PositioningThe goal with label positioning is to ensure that any pipe can be easily identified from the normal approaching positions. This means that most pipes will need multiple labels. Generally, pipe markers should be placed:
• At any line entry or re-entry point
• Near any valves, flanges, branches, and changes in direction
• At both sides of any ceiling, wall, or floor penetration, or similar barriers to visibility
• Along straight runs of pipe, repeating frequently enough to ensure easy identification
The frequency of labeling along a straight section of pipe follows different recommendations under different standards. The NFPA 99 standard for healthcare facilities requires an interval of no more than 20 feet (6.1 m) between labels, for example. For general facility labeling, a common recommendation allows up to 50 feet (15.2 m) between pipe markers on long straight runs, or 25 feet in congested areas. ANSI/ASME A13.1 does not specify a length interval between labels.
Label placement varies with a pipe's height. If a pipe is above the normal line of vision, place labels on the lower portion of the pipe. If a pipe is below eye level, place the label on the upper portion of the pipe. If other pipes or equipment are in the way and a label would be hard to read, other labeling approaches such as posting signs or hanging tags may be more effective.
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…adjacent to changes in direction
…adjacent to all valves and flanges
…both side of floor/wall penetrations
…every 25' to 50' on straight runs is typical
Place Markers...
Label placement in relation to point of normal approach
ANSI/ASME A13.1 recommends a color code based on the hazards posed by a given pipe’s contents.
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STANDARDS FOR SPECIAL CASESBecause of the wide variety of equipment, industries, and facilities that rely on pipes, there are many other standards in addition to the common ANSI/ASME A13.1 standard.
Most of these other standards are created by committees as recommendations for their respective industries, but they are often incorporated into legal requirements after their creation. Because these more focused standards are designed for specific applications, they are not applicable to all facilities. See the Reference Material section at the end of this guide for simple reference documents for these standards.
Ammonia Refrigeration: IIAR Bulletin No. 114The International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) is an industry group built around the powerful technology of ammonia-based refrigeration. As experts on the subject, they have created a recommended standard for labeling the pipes and equipment involved in these complex and potentially hazardous systems. The standard is published in IIAR Bulletin No. 114, but is often simply called the IIAR label standard.
This standard for labeling may require that a label be built modularly, assembling different graphic pieces to create an accurate pipe label. Each of these five elements should be included:
1. A component abbreviation (such as “HTRL” for High Temperature Recirculated Liquid)
2. The physical state of the ammonia in that pipe (“LIQ” for liquid, “VAP” for vapor, or both)
3. A clear indication of the pipe’s contents (usually the word “AMMONIA”)
4. The pressure level, either “LOW” (70 psig or less) or “HIGH” (over 70 psig)
5. The flow direction, marked by arrows at one or both ends of the label
The IIAR standard also specifies a matching but simpler format for components, in which each piece of equipment is identified by its name and pressure level.
IIAR Bulletin No. 114 can be purchased at iiar.org.
Healthcare Facilities: NFPA 99 and CGA C-9When creating all-inclusive standards for hospitals and other healthcare facilities, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) based their recommendations on the systems that were already successful in common usage. The Compressed Gas Association (CGA) had already created standards describing color-coding containers of compressed gas. Because the CGA C-9 standard was already popular
for medical, scientific, and recreational applications, it was adopted for use in labeling the related pipes and fittings in medical facilities as well.
These standards use different colors to identify specific common gases, and provide a framework for labeling mixtures of those gases.
NFPA 99 can be purchased at nfpa.org; CGA C-9 can be purchased at www.cganet.com.
Ships and Oceanic Facilities: ISO 14726An internationally recognized standard covers markings for pipes at sea, generally on oceangoing vessels. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for these pipes is ISO 14726:2008. This approach uses different-colored labels to identify different types of materials, and uses optional bands of a second color to further identify specific materials within a type.
While printed text is still recommended as the best and most reliable identification method, these color bands may provide an alternative for those who can’t read the labeled language, such as multinational crews or international emergency response teams.
ISO 14726:2008 can be purchased at iso.org.
Water Treatment: Ten States StandardsWater and wastewater treatment facilities may have miles of pipes that carry water of one kind or another. A broad standard like ANSI/ASME A13.1 would label most of these pipes as “water,” whether the pipe carries raw sewer water or clean potable water. Instead, these facilities usually adopt more specialized systems. Often, the chosen approach follows the “Ten States Standards,” which were created by representatives from the states and Canadian province that surround the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi River. The standards have been adopted as common practice in many other states as well, and are even incorporated into local law in certain areas.
The Ten States Standards can be viewed and downloaded for free at 10statesstandards.com.
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Inspecting your FacilityWhen beginning a pipe marking project, you should walk through your facility and take notes on the labels that are needed. This walk-through can be combined with your normal maintenance inspections, but you will need to pay extra attention to markers and labels. Look for the following.
EXISTING MARKERS
• Check for damage, fading, discoloration, and readability.
• Are the labels accurate?
• Do they comply with your current marking color scheme?
PIPES WITHOUT MARKERS
• Look out for new equipment, or old equipment that has recently been altered.
• Have markers been removed or lost? What caused that removal?
• If a pipe or fitting has no identification, why not? The answers may lead you to a better understanding of your facility’s unique needs.
MARKERS THAT CAN'T BE SEEN CLEARLY
• Are existing labels sized appropriately and visible from an ordinary viewing position?
• Would a different viewing position make it difficult to see the labels?
• Would a hanging tag or sign be a more effective way to mark a given pipe or fitting?
MARKING YOUR FACILITYThis section will walk you through the process of inspecting your facility and carrying out a full pipe marking project. This may only need to be done once, if the labels and facility are carefully maintained, but it is probably best to schedule annual re-inspections.
Which Pipes Should be LabeledANSI/ASME A13.1 recommends marking all pipes with their contents. This helps with general facility maintenance and communication. In addition to this recommendation, some industries and jurisdictions have specific legal requirements as well. The first step in assessing your facility is to understand what regulations apply there. Check with your local authorities before you begin a project.
There are some situations you won’t even need to ask about, though. Pipe markers become important for safety when:
• Pipe contents are hazardous, or could generate hazardous conditions.
• The pipe serves a safety purpose, as part of hazard prevention or emergency response.
• Flow must be redirected, shut off, or adjusted to allow for maintenance or other expected work.
• The pipe or its contents could affect the procedures followed during an emergency.
Pipes in these situations must be labeled, because confusion could result in injury or even death. These labels clearly fall under an employer’s general duty to provide a safe workplace, incorporated into law as OSHA’s “General Duty Clause,” even when other regulations may not apply.
Properly identifying pipes, valves, and containers will aid in safety.
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MARKING YOUR FACILITY
As you conduct your facility inspection, refer to a pipe schematic or facility plan. Make sure that all the pipes that appear in the plan are actually present in your facility, and vice versa. Remember that the pipe system includes all source, distribution, mixing, and discharge pipes, as well as all of the fittings, valves, and tanks that they connect. Each item should be accurately recorded on your schematic. Facility maintenance or upgrades that have not been properly documented can lead to oversights and accidents in the future.
As the project continues, you can use the schematic to create a list of any new markers that need to be created, and old ones that need to be updated. Also note any existing markers that are current, accurate, and visible; you may need to check or change them later, and it will help long-term maintenance to have a list of the different labels that are in place.
Periodically, you will need to repeat this inspection to ensure that labels remain intact, legible, and accurate. Any
accumulation of oil or dirt should be cleaned away; damaged labels should be reprinted. If a facility change has been made and the labels are no longer correct, then new labels are needed.
Creating your Pipe MarkersAn easy way to generate the large quantity of customized labels required for a pipe marking project is to use an industrial-quality label printer, such as the DuraLabel line of labeling systems from Graphic Products. This printer line offers a broad range of pipe marking supplies, including valve tags, labels for challenging surfaces, and signs that can be clamped onto pipes.
High- or low-temperature pipes, especially those in heating and refrigeration systems, may require special label materials and adhesives. Outdoor pipes will need tougher labeling materials to survive weather and sun exposure. Facilities using stainless steel piping may need to select low-halogen label stocks to minimize the risk of corrosion. Small pipes may need hanging tags or signs instead, for legibility. All of these possibilities should be considered before the project begins, so you don’t waste work replacing failed markers.
When applying your pipe markers, ensure that they are placed securely and visibly. Request input from those who work in the area to make sure that all pipes are labeled clearly, and answer any questions that they may have.
Graphic Products offers on-site Compliance Assessment Services that include recommendations and best practices for general pipe marking, application-specific standards, and keeping workers safe. Call 888.601.8535 or visit GraphicProducts.com/CAS for more information.
BEFORE
AFTER
Regularly inspect pipe labels to ensure correct labeling, readability, and code compliance.
Need to Extend Your Reach?
Call 877.534.5157 or visit GraphicProducts.comImprove safety in your workplace today!
• Apply labels between widths of 1/2" and 4", and lengths of 6 1/2" and 4'
• Comes with a standard 4'-8' pole
• Non-conductive* extension pole for 6'-11' and 8'-15' are available
Label pipes UP TO 2O' without the aid of ladders, lifts, or scaffolding with the Pipe Marker Applicator.
*When kept free of moisture, water, or other conductive liquids (up to 120/240 volts)
Create Your Own Pipe Markerswith industrial sign & label printers
Increase efficiency at your facility by adding signs and labels that identify pipes, valves, flanges, tanks, and actuators. Improve safety by clearly marking all hazards, pipes, and containers. Durable indoor/outdoor vinyl tapes and ribbons are easy to load, UV-resistant to prevent fading, and are available in a variety of colors.
DuraLabel Toro A portable, network independent label and sign printer capable of creating labels up to 4" in width anywhere, anytime.
DuraLabel 9000 Increase visibility from a distance with oversized labels. Create signs and labels up to 9" in width.
DuraLabel BroncoPrints up to 3" per second on supplies from ½" to 4" in width.
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Pipe GrabberTM SleevesClear plastic pipe grabber sleeves provide a clean surface for pipe marking labels, enabling users to identify dirty, oily, rusty pipes. Labels are applied directly on the sleeve, then the sleeve curls tightly around the pipe.
Pipe Grabber Sleeve Sizes:• 1" x 9" - Fits pipes with diameters 1" - 1.5"• 1.5" x 9" - Fits pipes with diameters 1.5" - 2.3"• 2" x 12" - Fits pipes with diameters 2" - 3"• 3" x 12" - Fits pipes with diameters 3" - 4"• 4" x 18" - Fits pipes with diameters 4" - 5.2"
Heavy-Duty Valve TagsLabel pipes and valves easily with our Heavy-Duty Valve Tags. Tags provide a rigid base for your label, and have pre-drilled holes to hang with cable ties. Great for small pipes as pictured and color-coding valves.
DuraTagTM, Slot Puncher, and Cable TiesFor difficult to label pipes or situations where adhesive labels are not appropriate, we offer the Slot Puncher and Cable Ties. Simply print your custom label onto DuraTagTM Tag Stock, use the Slot Puncher in each corner of your label, and secure to pipe with our Cable Ties.
Pipe marking isn’t always as easy as placing a label.Check out our accessories for marking pipes when more than a label is needed.
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REFERENCE MATERIALThis section of the guide features quick-reference guides, charts, and lists for the most common types of pipe marking in the field. These reference materials are also available as standalone pieces, handy for posting in your facility. Contact us to request one.
The following reference materials are included:
• General Pipe Marking Guide (based on ANSI/ASME A13.1)
• Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide (based on IIAR Bulletin No. 114)
• Pipe Marking for Healthcare Facilities (based on NFPA 99 and CGA C-9)
• Marine Pipe Marking Guide (based on ISO 14726:2008)
• Water Treatment Pipe Marking Guide (based on the Ten States Standards)
• Commercial Building Pipe Marking (suggested system based on ANSI/ASME A13.1)
• Evaluation Checklist
• Standard Abbreviations
If you have any questions on labeling or pipe marking standards, please call our knowledgeable support team at 877.534.5157. Always check with your local authorities for any legal requirements that may apply in your area.
General Pipe Marking Guide, page 12.
Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide, page 13.
Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide, page 17.
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877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com 13
L O WAC
CUM
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High
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High
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High
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th of
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mm
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mm
89 m
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13 m
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25 m
m38
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51 m
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Pipe
Mar
ker L
ocat
ions
• B
efor
e an
d af
ter a
ny c
hang
e in
pip
e di
rect
ion.
If th
e pi
pe e
nds
at
equi
pmen
t or c
hang
es d
irect
ion
agai
n w
ithin
24
inch
es (6
1 cm
), th
e la
bel
in th
e sh
ort s
pace
may
be
omitt
ed.
• B
efor
e an
d af
ter a
ny w
all,
ceili
ng, o
r floo
r pen
etra
tion.
• N
o fa
rthe
r tha
n 40
feet
(12
m) a
part
on
exte
nded
runs
of p
ipe.
• A
t lea
st o
nce
in e
ach
room
or a
rea
thro
ugh
whi
ch th
e pi
pe p
asse
s.
Syst
em C
ompo
nent
Mar
kers
– T
wo-
Part
Lab
els
Am
mon
ia P
ipe
Mar
kers
– F
ive-
Part
Lab
els
1.
Com
pone
nt Id
entifi
er
Nam
e th
e co
mpo
nent
with
bla
ck
text
on
an o
rang
e ba
ckgr
ound
. Ab
brev
iatio
ns a
re a
ccep
tabl
e;
see
the
tabl
e of
Com
pone
nt
Abbr
evia
tions
. If a
dditi
onal
id
entif
ying
info
rmat
ion
is
need
ed, i
nclu
de it
her
e.
2.
Pres
sure
Lev
el•
For
con
tent
s at
70
psig
or l
ess,
sho
w
“LOW
” in
bla
ck o
n a
gree
n ba
nd•
For
con
tent
s ab
ove
70 p
sig,
sh
ow “
HIG
H”
in b
lack
on
a re
d ba
nd
Com
pone
nt M
arke
r Dim
ensi
ons
• A
t lea
st 3
.5 in
ches
hig
h•
Let
terin
g at
leas
t 2.5
inch
es h
igh
• M
arke
r len
gth
will
var
y to
allo
w
for t
he le
ngth
of t
he c
ompo
nent
na
me
• P
ress
ure
leve
l ban
d sh
ould
be
at
leas
t 1.5
inch
es w
ide
Com
pone
nt A
bbre
viat
ions
Com
pone
nt/E
quip
men
tAb
br.
Accu
mul
ator
(with
/with
out i
nt. c
oil)
ACC
Air C
oole
d Co
nden
ser
ACAi
r Han
dlin
g Uni
tAH
UAi
r Uni
tAU
Boos
ter C
ompr
esso
rBC
Cont
rolle
d Pr
essu
re R
ecei
ver
CPR
Evap
orat
ive C
onde
nser
ECHe
at Ex
chan
ger
HEX
High
Pre
ssur
e Rec
eive
rHP
RHi
gh S
tage
Com
pres
sor
HSC
High
Tem
pera
ture
Rec
ircul
ator
HTR
Inte
rcoo
ler (
with
/with
out i
nt. c
oil)
ICLiq
uid
Trans
fer U
nit
LTU
Low
Tem
pera
ture
Com
pres
sor
LTC
Low
Tem
pera
ture
Rec
ircul
ator
LTR
Low
Low
Tem
p Re
circu
lato
rLL
TROi
l Pot
OPOi
l Sep
arat
orOS
Pilo
t Rec
eive
rPR
Purg
er U
nit
PRG
Refri
gera
nt P
ump
RPRe
frige
rate
d M
ake-
Up A
ir Un
itRM
AURo
ofto
p Ai
r Uni
tRT
USu
rge D
rum
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ing C
ompr
esso
rSW
CTh
erm
osyp
hon R
ecei
ver
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Wat
er C
oole
d Co
nden
ser
WC
IIAR
Sugg
este
d Pi
pe C
olor
Sch
eme
In a
dditi
on to
the
deta
iled
labe
ls, i
t may
be
help
ful
to in
clud
e a
colo
r cod
e fo
r re
frige
ratio
n sy
stem
pip
es.
Thes
e co
lors
may
be
appl
ied
as p
aint
ove
r the
leng
th o
f th
e pi
pe, o
r as
band
s of
co
lor a
pplie
d pe
riodi
cally
, as
suf
ficie
nt fo
r pip
e re
cogn
ition
. IIA
R Bu
lletin
N
o. 1
14 s
ugge
sts
the
colo
r sc
hem
e sh
own
at ri
ght.
11
22
45
3
L O W
H I G H
L O W
H I G H
L I Q
V A P
AMM
ONIA
PIP
E M
ARKI
NG G
UIDE
(bas
ed o
n IIA
R Bu
lletin
No.
114)
This
gui
de fo
llow
s In
tern
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
of A
mm
onia
Ref
riger
atio
n (II
AR) B
ulle
tin N
o. 1
14, a
s re
vised
in 2
014.
Fac
ilitie
s us
ing
an o
lder
ver
sion
of t
he s
tand
ard
may
co
ntin
ue to
do
so, a
s lo
ng a
s th
eir u
sage
is c
onsi
sten
t and
doc
umen
ted.
This
gui
de is
for g
ener
al in
form
atio
n pu
rpos
es o
nly.
It is
not
a s
ubst
itute
for r
evie
w o
f app
licab
le s
tand
ards
or r
egul
atio
ns. ©
2002
, 201
5 G
raph
ic P
rodu
cts,
Inc.
All
right
s re
serv
ed.
Colo
rPi
pe D
esig
natio
nOr
ange
High
Pre
ssur
e Liq
uid
Yello
wHi
gh P
ress
ure V
apor
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lue
Low
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sure
, Hig
h Tem
pera
ture
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id/V
apor
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Low
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sure
, Low
Tem
pera
ture
Liqu
id/V
apor
Purp
leLo
w Pr
essu
re, V
ery L
ow Te
mpe
ratu
re Li
quid
/Vap
orGr
ayPr
essu
re R
elie
f Ven
t pip
ing
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nNo
nvol
atile
, Non
-pre
ssur
ized
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ess p
ipin
gTh
is, or
any o
ther
pipe
colo
ring s
chem
e, sh
ould
only
be us
ed in
conj
unct
ion w
ith a
clear
ly po
sted
lege
nd or
key d
escr
ibin
g the
colo
r sch
eme i
n pla
ce.
1.
Pipi
ng A
bbre
viat
ion
Iden
tifies
the
part
of t
he s
yste
m w
ith te
xt p
rinte
d in
bla
ck o
n an
ora
nge
back
grou
nd. A
bbre
viat
ions
are
reco
mm
ende
d; s
ee ta
ble
of P
ipin
g Ab
brev
iatio
ns. I
f add
ition
al id
entif
ying
info
rmat
ion
is n
eede
d, in
clud
e it
here
.
2.
Phys
ical
Sta
te
• F
or li
quid
am
mon
ia, s
how
“LIQ
” in
blac
k on
a ye
llow
ban
d •
For
vap
or, s
how
“VA
P” in
bla
ck o
n a
sky
blue
ban
d •
If b
oth
stat
es m
ay b
e pr
esen
t, bo
th e
lem
ents
may
app
ear
3.
Pipe
Con
tent
s Th
e wo
rd “A
MM
ONIA
” sho
uld
be p
rinte
d in
bla
ck o
n an
ora
nge
back
grou
nd.
4.
Pres
sure
Lev
el
• F
or c
onte
nts
at 7
0 ps
ig o
r les
s, s
how
“LO
W”
in b
lack
on
a
gree
n ba
nd
• F
or c
onte
nts
abov
e 70
psi
g, s
how
“HIG
H” in
bla
ck o
n a
red
band
5.
Flow
Dire
ctio
n Sh
ow th
e di
rect
ion
of fl
ow w
ith d
irect
iona
l arro
ws,
prin
ted
in b
lack
on
an
oran
ge b
ackg
roun
d. T
he a
rrow
s m
ay a
ppea
r at o
ne o
r bot
h en
ds o
f the
labe
l, an
d m
ay re
peat
aro
und
the
circ
umfe
renc
e of
the
pipe
if d
esire
d.
14 877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com
Labe
l plac
emen
t in re
lation
to
point
of no
rmal
appr
oach
...ad
jacen
t to c
hang
es in
di
recti
on
...ad
jace
nt to
all
valve
s & fl
ange
s
...bo
th si
des o
f floo
r/wa
ll pe
netra
tions
...ev
ery 2
0’ on
stra
ight r
uns
This
gui
de is
for g
ener
al in
form
atio
n on
ly. N
ot in
tend
ed to
be
used
in p
lace
of C
GA
C-9,
NFP
A 99
or A
NSI
/ASM
E st
anda
rds.
© 2
009,
201
4 G
raph
ic P
rodu
cts,
Inc.
All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved.
PIPE
MAR
KING
FOR
HEA
LTHC
ARE
FACI
LITI
ES (b
ased
on
NFPA
99
and
CGA
C-9)
NFP
A 99
& C
GA
C-9
Stan
dard
Col
or M
arki
ng o
f Com
pres
sed
Gas
Con
tain
ers,
Pip
elin
es &
Val
ves
for M
edic
al. U
se A
NSI
/ASM
E Pi
pe Id
entifi
catio
n
Plac
emen
t & O
rient
atio
n St
anda
rds.
MAT
ERIA
L PR
OPER
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TTER
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OR
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IELD
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E
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le G
ases
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Whi
te o
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reen
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on D
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Whi
te o
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ray
CAR
BO
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IOXI
DE
Nitr
ous
Oxid
e†W
hite
on
Blu
eN
ITR
OU
S OX
IDE
Cycl
opro
pane
‡B
lack
on
Ora
nge
CYCL
OPR
OPA
NE
Hel
ium
USP
†W
hite
on
Bro
wn
HEL
IUM
50-
55 P
SI
Nitr
ogen
NF†
Whi
te o
n B
lack
NIT
RO
GEN
160
-200
PSI
Med
ical
Air
USP†
Bla
ck o
n Ye
llow
MED
ICAL
AIR
Inst
rum
ent A
ir†W
hite
on
Red
INST
RU
MEN
T AI
R
Was
te A
naes
thet
ic G
as D
ispo
sal (
WAG
D)†
Whi
te o
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olet
WAS
TE A
NAES
THET
IC
Labo
rato
ry A
ir†B
lack
on
Whi
te/Y
ello
w
Chec
kerb
oard
LAB
OR
ATO
RY
AIR
Labo
rato
ry V
acuu
m†
Bla
ck o
n W
hite
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ck
Chec
kerb
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2LA
BO
RAT
OR
Y VA
CUU
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Med
ical
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lack
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teM
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ACU
UM
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All o
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Oth
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itrou
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ITR
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S OX
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arbo
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mai
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USP
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en93
% O
XYG
EN
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ARB
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nd H
eliu
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HEL
IUM
1 Use
the
back
grou
nd c
olor
s of
the
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le G
ases
. For
Oth
er G
as M
ixtu
re P
ipe
Labe
ls, u
se th
e m
ajor
gas
for l
abel
col
or a
nd u
se
the
min
or g
as c
olor
for t
ext c
olor
.2 U
se a
whi
te b
ox w
ith a
bla
ck o
utlin
e be
hind
the
text
. † C
ompl
ies
to N
FPA
99 c
olor
mar
king
sta
ndar
ds.
‡ Com
plie
s to
CG
A C-
9 co
lor m
arki
ng s
tand
ards
.
Pipe
s sha
ll be
pla
ced…
Mar
ker L
ocat
ion
Pipe
mar
kers
sha
ll be
pla
ced:
• t
o in
dica
te d
irect
ion
of fl
ow b
y la
belin
g w
ith a
rrow
s at
on
e or
bot
h en
ds o
f the
labe
l•
nea
r val
ves,
flan
ges
and
chan
ges
in p
ipe
dire
ctio
n•
to
be v
isib
le fr
om th
e po
int o
f nor
mal
app
roac
h •
bot
h si
des
of c
eilin
g, w
all,
part
ition
s or
floo
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etra
tions
•
at l
east
onc
e in
or a
bove
eve
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om•
on
stra
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e ru
ns, a
t int
erva
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an 2
0 ft
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t lea
st o
nce
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very
sto
ry h
eigh
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vers
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y ris
ers
Outs
ide
Pipe
Dia
met
er
Incl
udin
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veri
ng
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imum
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ngth
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abel
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eld
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r
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imum
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ight
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Let
ters
.75"
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25"
1.5"
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2.5"
- 6"
8" -
10"
Over
10"
(19
- 32
mm
)(3
8 - 5
1 m
m)
(64
- 152
mm
)(2
03 -
254
mm
)(O
ver 2
54 m
m)
8" 8" 12"
24"
32"
(203
mm
)(2
03 m
m)
(305
mm
)(6
10 m
m)
(813
mm
)
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.75"
1.25
"2.
5"3.
5"
(13
mm
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9 m
m)
(32
mm
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4 m
m)
(89
mm
)NO
TE: I
t is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at p
ipes
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than
.75"
in d
iam
eter
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labe
led
with
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Pipe
Mar
ker S
ize
Char
t Le
tter &
labe
l dim
ensi
ons
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith p
ipe
diam
eter
877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com 15
This
gui
de is
for g
ener
al in
form
atio
n pu
rpos
es o
nly.
It is
not
a s
ubst
itute
for r
evie
w o
f app
licab
le s
tand
ards
. © 2
009,
201
1 G
raph
ic P
rodu
cts,
Inc.
All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved.
Mar
king
of P
ipes
• p
ipes
with
mor
e th
an 2
00 m
m
oute
r dia
met
er, l
abel
mak
es u
p ab
out h
alf t
he c
ircum
fere
nce
of
the
pipe
•
pip
es w
ith 2
00 m
m o
uter
dia
met
er
or le
ss, l
abel
mak
es u
p th
e en
tire
circ
umfe
renc
e of
the
pipe
• l
abel
bun
dled
pip
es in
divi
dual
ly•
arro
ws
poin
ting
in d
irect
ion
of fl
ow•
pip
es w
ith fl
ow in
opp
osite
di
rect
ions
at d
iffer
ent t
imes
may
be
mar
ked
with
arro
ws
poin
ting
in
oppo
site
dire
ctio
ns•
add
ition
al te
xt to
sig
nify
un
ambi
guou
sly
the
cont
ent a
nd/o
r fu
nctio
n of
the
pipe
• c
olor
stri
pes
need
to b
e pe
rpen
dicu
lar t
o th
e ax
is o
f the
pi
pe
Addi
tiona
l Col
or (b
lue)
Mai
n Co
lor (
yello
w)
Stea
m (
silve
r)St
eam
for H
eatin
g Pu
rpos
esEx
haus
t Ste
amSu
pply
Ste
amFr
esh
Wat
er (
blue
)Sa
nita
ry F
resh
Wat
erPo
tabl
e W
ater
Dis
tilla
teG
as-Tu
rbin
e W
ash
Wat
erFe
ed W
ater
Cool
ing
Fres
h W
ater
Chill
ed W
ater
Cond
ensa
te
Non-
Flam
mab
le G
ases
(g
rey)
Oxyg
enIn
ert G
asN
itrog
enRe
frige
rant
Com
pres
sed
Air L
P (lo
w p
ress
ure)
Com
pres
sed
Air H
P (h
igh
pres
sure
)
Cont
rol A
ir/Re
gula
ting
Air
Brea
thin
g Ai
ra
Brea
thin
g G
asa
a This
mar
king
is u
sed
in s
ubm
arin
es fo
r dis
trib
utio
n
s
yste
ms
of b
reat
hing
air
from
cyl
inde
rs
Oils
oth
er th
an Fu
els
(ora
nge)
Used
Oil
(Not
Con
tam
inat
ed)
Ther
mal
Flu
idLu
bric
atio
n Oi
l for
Gas
Tur
bine
sH
ydra
ulic
Flu
idLu
bric
atio
n Oi
l for
Ste
am T
urbi
nes
Lubr
icat
ion
Oil f
or G
ears
Lubr
icat
ion
Oil f
or In
tern
al
Com
bust
ion
Engi
nes
Sea
Wat
er
(gre
en)
Dec
onta
min
atio
n W
ater
Sani
tary
Sea
Wat
erBa
llast
Wat
erCo
olin
g Se
a W
ater
For s
hips
mix
ed w
ith n
avig
atio
n (s
ea-ri
ver s
hips
) all
outs
ide
wat
ers
Flam
mab
le G
ases
(y
ello
w)
Hyd
roge
nAc
etyl
ene
Liqu
id G
as
Air i
n Ve
ntila
tion
Syst
ems
(whi
te)
Dis
char
ge A
irCo
ld M
echa
nica
l Sup
ply
Air
Nat
ural
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aust
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osph
eric
Air
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hani
cal E
xhau
st A
irD
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tam
inat
ed S
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y Ai
rM
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l Rec
ircul
ated
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m M
echa
nica
l Sup
ply
Air
Smok
e Cl
eara
nce
Cond
ition
ed S
uppl
y Ai
rN
atur
al S
uppl
y Ai
r
Fire
Fig
htin
g/Fi
re P
rote
ctio
n (re
d)Fi
re-F
ight
ing
Wat
erFi
re-F
ight
ing
Gas
Sprin
kler
Wat
erSp
ray
Wat
erFi
re-F
ight
ing
Pow
der
Fire
-Fig
htin
g Fo
am
Fuel
(b
row
n)H
eavy
Fue
l (H
FO)
Avia
tion
Fuel
Biol
ogic
al F
uel
Gas
-Turb
ine
Fuel
Die
sel F
uel (
MD
O)
Air &
Sou
ndin
g Pi
pes
(mar
oon)
Was
te M
edia
Fres
h W
ater
Fuel
Sea
Wat
erN
on-F
lam
mab
le G
ases
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ther
than
fuel
sSt
eam
Fire
Fig
htin
gAc
ids,
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alis
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ilatio
n Sy
stem
Flam
mab
le G
ases
Was
te M
edia
(b
lack
)Bl
ack
Wat
erW
aste
Oil/
Used
Oil
Bilg
e W
ater
Exha
ust
Gre
y W
ater
Sew
age,
con
tam
inat
ed
Mai
n Co
lors
: for
gro
up o
f sim
ilar s
ubst
ance
•
app
lied
as a
n ad
hesi
ve ta
pe o
r sig
n•
pai
nted
on
to th
e pi
pelin
e in
tran
sver
se
strip
es•
pai
nted
on
the
pipe
line
on th
e to
tal l
engt
h•
wid
th is
wid
er th
an th
e ad
ditio
nal c
olor
m
arki
ng
Addi
tiona
l Col
ors:
for s
peci
fic s
ubst
ance
• s
houl
d be
sur
roun
ded
by th
e m
ain
colo
r•
wid
th n
eeds
to b
e le
ss th
an th
e m
ain
colo
r mar
king
wid
thAd
ditio
nal c
olor
mar
king
s m
ay b
e ad
ded
adja
cent
to a
mai
n co
lor m
arki
ng o
n a
pipe
, whe
n ne
cess
ary,
to d
istin
guis
h be
twee
n pi
pes
mar
ked
with
the
sam
e m
ain
colo
r lis
ted,
but
car
ryin
g di
ffere
nt ty
pes
of m
ediu
m.
Exam
ple:
a p
ipe
carr
ying
dies
el fu
el o
il an
d a
pipe
car
ryin
g he
avy
fuel
oil.
MAR
INE
PIPE
MAR
KING
GUI
DE (b
ased
on
ISO
1472
6:2O
O8)
Iden
tifica
tion
of C
olor
s fo
r the
Con
tent
of t
he P
ipin
g Sy
stem
s ac
cord
ing
to IS
O 14
726:
2008
.
Acid
s, Al
kalis
(v
iole
t)
Mar
ker L
ocat
ion
Pipe
mar
kers
sha
ll be
pla
ced:
• a
t eac
h pe
netra
tion
poin
t in
bulk
head
s, w
alls
& d
ecks
• e
very
3-5
met
ers
of p
ipe
leng
th
unle
ss m
ore
frequ
ent m
arki
ng
is n
eede
d du
e to
pip
e be
nds
or
prox
imity
to o
ther
pip
e so
urce
s•
aro
und
the
entir
e ci
rcum
fere
nce
of th
e pi
pe fo
r 200
mm
dia
met
er
pipe
s (a
dher
ed a
t the
ir en
ds b
y ov
erta
ping
)•
onc
e in
eac
h ro
om•
clo
se to
eac
h va
lve
16 877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com
WAT
ER T
REAT
MEN
T PI
PE M
ARKI
NG G
UIDE
(bas
ed o
n th
e Te
n St
ates
Sta
ndar
ds)
This
col
or c
ode
sum
mar
izes
the
Ten
Stat
es S
tand
ards
(10s
tate
ssta
ndar
ds.c
om),
whi
ch h
ave
been
ado
pted
in s
ever
al a
reas
.
*Pip
e M
arke
r loc
atio
n an
d si
ze c
hart
are
bas
ed o
n AN
SI/A
SME
stan
dard
s. T
his
guid
e is
for g
ener
al in
form
atio
n pu
rpos
es o
nly.
It is
not
a s
ubst
itute
for r
evie
w o
f app
licab
le s
tand
ards
.©
201
2, 2
014
Gra
phic
Pro
duct
s, In
c. A
ll Ri
ghts
Res
erve
d.
Type
/Use
of P
ipe
Colo
r of P
ipe
Wat
er L
ines
Raw
Wat
erOl
ive
Gre
enSe
ttled
or c
larifi
ed
wat
erAq
ua
Fini
shed
or p
otab
le
wat
erD
ark
Blue
Chem
ical
Lin
es
Alum
or p
rimar
y co
agul
ant
Oran
ge
Amm
onia
Whi
teCa
rbon
Slu
rry
Blac
kCa
ustic
Yello
w w
/ gr
een
band
Chlo
rine
gas
or
solu
tion
Yello
w
Fluo
ride
Ligh
t Blu
e w
/ re
d ba
ndLi
me
Slur
ryLi
ght G
reen
Ozon
eYe
llow
w/
oran
ge b
and
Phos
phat
e
com
poun
dsLi
ght G
reen
w/
red
Poly
mer
s or
co
agul
ant a
ids
Oran
ge w
/ gr
een
band
Pota
ssiu
m
Perm
anga
nate
Viol
et
Soda
Ash
Ligh
t Gre
en w
/ or
ange
ban
dSu
lfuric
Aci
dYe
llow
w/
red
band
Sulfu
r Dio
xide
Ligh
t Gre
en w
/ ye
llow
ban
d
Was
te L
ines
Back
was
h W
aste
Ligh
t Bro
wn
Slud
geD
ark
Brow
nSe
wer
(san
itary
or
othe
r) D
ark
Gra
y
Othe
r Lin
es
Com
pres
sed
Air
Dar
k G
reen
Gas
Red
Othe
r Pip
esLi
ght G
ray
Type
/Use
of P
ipe
Colo
r of P
ipe
Slud
ge L
ines
Raw
Slu
dge
Brow
n w
/ bl
ack
band
Slud
ge re
circ
ulat
ion
or s
uctio
nBr
own
w/
yello
w b
and
Slud
ge d
raw
off
Brow
n w
/ or
ange
ban
dSl
udge
reci
rcul
atio
n di
scha
rge
Brow
n
Gas
Line
s
Slud
ge G
asOr
ange
(or r
ed)
Nat
ural
Gas
Oran
ge (o
r red
) w/
blac
k ba
nd
Wat
er L
ines
Non
pota
ble
Wat
erBl
ue w
/ bl
ack
band
Pota
ble
Wat
erBl
ue
Wat
er fo
r hea
ting
dige
stor
s
Blue
w/
6" re
d ba
nd (1
50 m
m)
or b
uild
ings
spa
ce 3
0" a
part
(7
60 m
m)
Othe
r Lin
es
Chlo
rine
Yello
wSu
lfur D
ioxi
deYe
llow
w/
red
band
Sew
age
(w
aste
wat
er)
Gra
y
Com
pres
sed
Air
Gre
en
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent P
lant
Col
or C
odin
gW
ater
Tre
atm
ent P
lant
Col
or C
odin
gM
arke
r Loc
atio
n Pi
pe m
arke
rs s
hall
be p
lace
d:
• t
o in
dica
te d
irect
ion
of fl
ow b
y la
belin
g w
ith a
rrow
s at
on
e or
bot
h en
ds o
f the
labe
l•
to
be v
isib
le fr
om th
e po
int o
f nor
mal
app
roac
h •
nea
r val
ves,
flan
ges
& c
hang
es in
pip
e di
rect
ion
• b
oth
side
s of
cei
ling,
wal
l or fl
oor p
enet
ratio
ns
• a
t any
line
ent
ry o
r re-
entr
y po
int
• o
n st
raig
ht p
ipe
runs
in in
terv
als
suffi
cien
t for
id
entifi
catio
n ev
ery
25 ft
to 5
0 ft
is ty
pica
l
Outs
ide
Pipe
Dia
met
er
Incl
udin
g Co
veri
ng
Min
imum
Le
ngth
of L
abel
Fi
eld
Colo
r
Min
imum
He
ight
of
Let
ters
.75"
- 1.
25"
1.5"
- 2"
2.5"
- 6"
8" -
10"
Over
10"
(19
- 32
mm
)(3
8 - 5
1 m
m)
(64
- 152
mm
)(2
03 -
254
mm
)(O
ver 2
54 m
m)
8" 8" 12"
24"
32"
(203
mm
)(2
03 m
m)
(305
mm
)(6
10 m
m)
(813
mm
)
.5"
.75"
1.25
"2.
5"3.
5"
(13
mm
)(1
9 m
m)
(32
mm
)(6
4 m
m)
(89
mm
)NO
TE: I
t is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at p
ipes
less
than
.75"
in d
iam
eter
, be
labe
led
with
a p
erm
anen
t tag
Pipe
Mar
ker S
ize
Char
t Le
tter &
labe
l dim
ensi
ons
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith p
ipe
diam
eter
Pipe
s sha
ll be
pla
ced…
Labe
l plac
emen
t in re
lation
to po
int of
norm
al ap
proa
ch
...ad
jacen
t to c
hang
es
in di
recti
on...
adja
cent
to al
l va
lves &
flan
ges
...bo
th si
des o
f floo
r/wa
ll pen
etra
tions
...ev
ery 2
5' -
50' o
n stra
ight
runs
is ty
pical
877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com 17
Pipe
s sha
ll be
pla
ced…
...ad
jacen
t to
chan
ges i
n dire
ction
...ad
jace
nt to
all
valve
s & fl
ange
s...
both
side
s of fl
oor/
wall
pene
tratio
ns...
ever
y 25'
- 50
' on s
traigh
t ru
ns is
typic
alLa
bel p
lacem
ent in
relat
ion to
po
int of
norm
al ap
proa
ch
COM
MER
CIAL
BUI
LDIN
G PI
PE M
ARKI
NG (s
ugge
sted
syst
em b
ased
on
ANSI
/ASM
E A1
3.1)
This
pip
e m
arki
ng g
uide
add
s co
lor b
and
reco
mm
enda
tions
to th
e po
pula
r AN
SI/A
SME
A13.
1 st
anda
rd to
pro
vide
add
ition
al d
etai
l for
com
mon
pip
ing
serv
ice
type
s fo
und
in m
any
com
mer
cial
faci
litie
s. U
sing
the
colo
r ban
ds to
geth
er w
ith th
e AN
SI/A
SME
stan
dard
, use
rs w
ill b
e ab
le to
eas
ily id
entif
y pi
ping
sys
tem
s,
espe
cial
ly th
ose
with
var
ying
kin
ds o
f wat
er s
ervi
ce.
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ater
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HITE
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nden
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ater
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ply
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GLR
Chill
ed W
ater
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ol R
etur
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GLR
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TE LE
TTER
ING
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t Wat
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urn
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City
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ING
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t Wat
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ING
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ater
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etur
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SM
ediu
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mp
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ater
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ply
MTH
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(BLD
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High
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p Ho
t Wat
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etur
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ERIN
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p Ho
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er S
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OUND
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TE LE
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l Gas
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The
Com
mer
cial
Bui
ldin
g Pi
pe M
arki
ng G
uide
pro
vide
s a
sugg
este
d st
anda
rd u
sed
to la
bel p
ipes
with
add
ition
al in
form
atio
n. T
his
guid
e is
for g
ener
al in
form
atio
n pu
rpos
es o
nly.
It is
not
a s
ubst
itute
for r
evie
w o
f app
licab
le s
tand
ards
. ©
201
1, 2
014
Gra
phic
Pro
duct
s, In
c. A
ll Ri
ghts
Res
erve
d.
Mar
ker L
ocat
ion
Pipe
mar
kers
sha
ll be
pla
ced:
• t
o in
dica
te d
irect
ion
of fl
ow b
y la
belin
g w
ith a
rrow
s at
on
e or
bot
h en
ds o
f the
labe
l•
to
be v
isib
le fr
om th
e po
int o
f nor
mal
app
roac
h •
nea
r val
ves,
flan
ges
& c
hang
es in
pip
e di
rect
ion
• b
oth
side
s of
cei
ling,
wal
l or fl
oor p
enet
ratio
ns
• a
t any
line
ent
ry o
r re-
entr
y po
int
• o
n st
raig
ht p
ipe
runs
in in
terv
als
suffi
cien
t for
id
entifi
catio
n ev
ery
25 ft
to 5
0 ft
is ty
pica
l*
• A
mm
onia
Onl
y: m
inim
um o
f 1 p
er a
rea
thro
ugh
whi
ch
the
refri
gera
tion
pipi
ng p
asse
s *Ev
ery
40 fe
et fo
r Am
mon
ia p
ipe
mar
king
Outs
ide
Pipe
Dia
met
er
Incl
udin
g Co
veri
ng
Min
imum
Le
ngth
of L
abel
Fi
eld
Colo
r
Min
imum
He
ight
of
Let
ters
.75"
- 1.
25"
1.5"
- 2"
2.5"
- 6"
8" -
10"
Over
10"
(19
- 32
mm
)(3
8 - 5
1 m
m)
(64
- 152
mm
)(2
03 -
254
mm
)(O
ver 2
54 m
m)
8" 8" 12"
24"
32"
(203
mm
)(2
03 m
m)
(305
mm
)(6
10 m
m)
(813
mm
)
.5"
.75"
1.25
"2.
5"3.
5"
(13
mm
)(1
9 m
m)
(32
mm
)(6
4 m
m)
(89
mm
)NO
TE: I
t is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at p
ipes
less
than
.75"
in d
iam
eter
, be
labe
led
with
a p
erm
anen
t tag
Pipe
Mar
ker S
ize
Char
t Le
tter &
labe
l dim
ensi
ons
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith p
ipe
diam
eter
NOTE
: Val
ve ta
gs n
eed
to c
ompl
y w
ith A
NSI
sta
ndar
ds. P
ipe
labe
ls s
houl
d be
nea
r val
ve to
iden
tify
pipe
con
tent
.* T
here
are
no
stan
dard
s fo
r dra
ins.
Fol
low
AN
SI s
tand
ards
for b
ackg
roun
d an
d le
tter c
olor
s; a
bbre
viat
ions
may
var
y by
faci
lity.
18 877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com
Outside Pipe
Diameter
Flammable/Oxid
izing
Directio
n of Flow (L
/R)
Combustible
Other Water
Compressed Air
Fire Quench
ing
Toxic/C
orrosiv
e
Label C
olorLa
bel Width
Number of
Labels
EVAL
UATI
ON C
HECK
LIST
Use
this
che
cklis
t to
keep
trac
k of
the
num
ber a
nd
type
of l
abel
s ne
eded
dur
ing
the
eval
uatio
n.
NOTE
S:
• S
ee C
olor
Cod
ing
unde
r sec
tion
“Gen
eral
Pip
e M
arki
ng: A
NSI
/ASM
E A1
3.1”
to d
eter
min
e th
e la
bel c
olor
by
the
pipe
con
tent
s.•
See
Lab
el S
izes
und
er s
ectio
n “G
ener
al P
ipe
Mar
king
: AN
SI/A
SME
A13.
1” to
det
erm
ine
the
labe
l siz
e by
the
pipe
dia
met
er.
• T
he d
irect
ion
of th
e flo
w is
eith
er le
ft or
righ
t rel
ativ
e to
whe
re th
e la
bel w
ill b
e ap
plie
d.
• T
o es
timat
e th
e nu
mbe
r of l
abel
s, d
ivid
e th
e to
tal p
ipe
leng
th b
y 50
then
incr
ease
the
num
ber f
or v
alve
s, p
enet
ratio
ns, c
hang
es in
dire
ctio
n, e
tc.
Nam
e of
pip
e co
nten
tLo
catio
n
877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com 19
NOTE
S:
• S
ee C
olor
Cod
ing
unde
r sec
tion
“Gen
eral
Pip
e M
arki
ng: A
NSI
/ASM
E A1
3.1”
to d
eter
min
e th
e la
bel c
olor
by
the
pipe
con
tent
s.•
See
Lab
el S
izes
und
er s
ectio
n “G
ener
al P
ipe
Mar
king
: AN
SI/A
SME
A13.
1” to
det
erm
ine
the
labe
l siz
e by
the
pipe
dia
met
er.
• T
he d
irect
ion
of th
e flo
w is
eith
er le
ft or
righ
t rel
ativ
e to
whe
re th
e la
bel w
ill b
e ap
plie
d.
• T
o es
timat
e th
e nu
mbe
r of l
abel
s, d
ivid
e th
e to
tal p
ipe
leng
th b
y 50
then
incr
ease
the
num
ber f
or v
alve
s, p
enet
ratio
ns, c
hang
es in
dire
ctio
n, e
tc.
ABED
Aux.
Bui
ldin
g Eq
uipm
ent D
rain
sAB
EDT
Aux.
Bui
ldin
g Eq
uipm
ent D
rain
Tan
kAB
FDAu
x. B
uild
ing
Floo
r Dra
inAB
FDT
Aux.
Bui
ldin
g Fl
oor D
rain
Tra
inAC
BAi
r Circ
uit B
reak
erAC
KAc
know
ledg
eAC
TAc
tuat
eAD
JAd
just
AFW
Auxi
liary
Fee
dwat
erAL
MAl
arm
AMB
Ambi
ent
ANAL
Anal
yzer
AO(V
)Ai
r Ope
rate
d (V
alve
)AV
GAv
erag
eBA
Boric
Aci
dBA
RBa
r Gra
phBA
TBo
ric A
cid
Tank
/ B
atte
ryBD
Blow
Dow
nBI
STBi
stab
leBI
TBo
ron
Inje
ctio
n Ta
nkBK
RBr
eake
rBL
Blac
k Li
quid
BOP
Bala
nce
of P
lant
BTM
Botto
mBT
UBr
itish
The
rmal
Uni
tBU
PBa
ckup
CCe
ntig
rade
(aka
. Cel
sius
)C/
CBCo
nden
sate
/Con
d. B
oost
erC1
MCu
mul
ativ
e On
e M
inut
eCA
BCa
bine
t
STAN
DARD
ABB
REVI
ATIO
NSTh
e fo
llow
ing
tabl
e pr
ovid
es a
list
of s
tand
ard
abbr
evia
tions
that
may
be
used
on
pipe
mar
kers
. Abb
revi
atio
ns s
houl
d on
ly b
e us
ed to
mak
e th
e m
essa
ge e
asie
r to
read
and
whe
n it
is im
prac
tical
to w
rite
out t
he e
ntire
wor
d or
phr
ase.
CAL
Calib
ratio
n/Ca
lorie
CAUS
Caus
e
CCW
Com
pone
nt C
oolin
g W
ater
/ Cl
osed
Coo
ling
Wat
er
CDCo
nden
sate
CDB
Cond
ensa
te B
oost
erCD
TCh
emic
al D
rain
Tan
kCH
AMCh
ambe
rCH
ANCh
anne
lCH
NG
Chan
geCH
RGCh
argi
ngCJ
BCo
ld Ju
nctio
n Bo
xCK
TCi
rcui
tCL
Cold
Leg
CLN
GCo
olin
gCM
PTCo
mpu
ted
CNM
TCo
ntai
nmen
tCO
MCo
mm
onCO
MP
Com
pone
ntCO
NC
Conc
entra
tion
CON
DCo
nden
ser/
Cond
ensa
teCO
NDT
YCo
nduc
tivity
CON
TCo
ntro
ller
CON
T RO
DCo
ntro
l Rod
CON
TRCo
ntro
lCO
RCo
rrec
tion
CORR
Corr
elat
ion
COUN
TCo
unt
CPM
Coun
ts P
er M
inut
eCP
UCe
ntra
l Pro
cess
ing
Unit
CPUS
Cent
ral P
roce
ssin
g Un
itsCR
Cont
rol R
oom
CRB
Chem
ical
Rec
over
y Bo
iler
CRD
MCo
ntro
l Rod
Driv
e M
echa
nism
CSCo
ntai
nmen
t Spr
ayCS
RCa
ble
Spre
adin
g Ro
omCS
TCo
nden
sate
Sto
rage
Tan
kCW
Circ
ulat
ing
Wat
erCW
PCi
rcul
atin
g W
ater
Pum
pCY
LCy
linde
rD
/GD
iese
l Gen
erat
orD
EGD
egre
esD
EMIN
Dem
iner
aliz
erD
ETD
etec
tor
DEV
Dev
iatio
nD
IVD
ivis
ion
DO
Die
sel F
uel O
ilD
OTD
irty
Oil T
ank
DSC
HD
isch
arge
DTD
elta
Tem
pera
ture
ECCS
Emer
genc
y Co
re C
oolin
g Sy
stem
EDT
Equi
pmen
t Dra
in T
ank
EFCT
Effe
ctEF
LNT
Efflu
ent
EHC
Elec
tro H
ydra
ulic
Con
trol
ELEC
Elec
trica
lEQ
Equi
pmen
t
EQUI
PEq
uipm
ent
ESEx
tract
ion
Stea
mES
SEs
sent
ial S
ervi
ce
20 877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com
ESF
Engi
neer
ed S
afet
y Fe
atur
eEX
H
Exha
ust/
Exha
uste
rEX
PAN
SEx
pans
ion
EXTR
Ex
tract
ed E
xtra
ctor
/Ext
ract
ion
FFa
hren
heit
FCV
Flow
Con
trol V
alve
FDFo
rced
Dra
ftFH
Fuel
Han
dlin
gFL
WFl
owFO
Fuel
Oil
FREQ
Freq
uenc
yFR
NT
Fron
tFW
Feed
Wat
erG
OVG
over
nor
GPM
Gal
lons
Per
Min
ute
GRP
Gro
upG
SCG
land
Ste
am C
onde
nser
GVG
over
nor V
alve
HG
(A)
Mer
cury
(abs
olut
e)H
GH
TH
eigh
tH
IDP
Hig
h D
iffer
entia
l Pre
ssur
eH
LH
ot L
egH
OVH
ydra
ulic
Ope
rate
d Va
lve
HP
Hig
h Pr
essu
reH
R(S)
Hou
rH
RSG
Hea
t Rec
over
y St
eam
Gen
erat
orH
T RT
Hea
t Rat
eH
TNG
Hea
ting
HU/
CDH
eatu
p/Co
oldo
wn
HUT
Hol
d up
Tan
kH
YDH
ydra
ulic
I/P
Curr
ent t
o Pr
essu
reI/
VCu
rren
t to
Volta
geIA
Inst
rum
ent A
ir
IDId
entifi
catio
n/In
side
Dia
met
erIN
BOIn
boar
dIN
CIn
crea
seIN
FIn
fluen
tIN
ITIn
itial
INL
Inle
tIN
SERT
INIn
sert
ion
INST
Inst
rum
ent/
Inst
anta
neou
sIN
TIn
tern
alIN
TERM
In
term
edia
teIO
DIo
dine
ISOL
Isol
atio
nJU
NCT
Junc
tion
KKi
loLN
GLo
ng/L
iqui
fied
Nat
ural
Gas
LO F
LWLo
w F
low
M/G
Mot
or G
ener
ator
Set
sM
AIN
TM
aint
enan
ceM
AXM
axim
umM
CRM
ain
Cont
rol R
oom
MFP
Mai
n Fe
ed P
ump
MIN
Min
utes
/Min
imum
MOI
STM
oist
ure
MPH
Mile
s Pe
r Hou
rM
PSM
iles
Per S
econ
dM
SM
ain
Stea
m/M
oist
ure
Sepa
rato
rM
SIV
Mai
n St
eam
Isol
atio
n Va
lve
MSR
Moi
stur
e Se
para
tor R
ehea
ter
MTR
Mot
orM
UM
akeu
pM
VBL
Mov
eabl
eN
AOH
Sodi
um H
ydro
xide
NAR
Nar
row
NAR
RN
G
Nar
row
Ran
ge
NBL
Nob
leN
EGN
egat
ive
NEU
TN
eutro
nN
ISN
ucle
ar In
stru
men
tatio
n Sy
stem
NR
Nar
row
Ran
geN
UCN
ucle
arOG
Off-G
asOO
SOu
t of S
ervi
ceOP
Over
Pre
ssur
eOP
EROp
erat
or/O
pera
ting
OTOv
er T
empe
ratu
reOT
-OP
Over
Tem
p-Ov
er P
ress
ure
OUT
Outp
utOU
TBD
Outb
oard
OUTL
T Ou
tlet
OVER
LDOv
erlo
adOV
ERTE
MP
Over
Tem
pera
ture
OVRP
WR
Over
pow
erPA
RTPa
rtia
lPA
RTIC
Part
icul
ate
PCT
Perc
ent
PCV
Pres
sure
Con
trol V
alve
PEN
ETPe
netra
tion
PMG
Perm
anen
t Mag
net G
ener
ator
PNEU
Pneu
mat
icPO
RV
Pow
er O
pera
ted
Relie
f Val
vePO
S Po
sitiv
ePO
TPo
tent
iom
eter
PPB
Part
s pe
r Bill
ion
PPM
Part
s pe
r Mill
ion
PR58
Proc
ess
Radi
atio
n M
onito
r 58
PREA
MP
Prea
mpl
ifier
sPR
GPu
rge
PRI
Prim
ary
Stan
dard
Abb
revi
atio
ns (c
ontin
ued )
877.534.5157 | GraphicProducts.com 21
PROC
Pr
oces
sPR
TPr
essu
rizer
Rel
ief T
ank
PSPo
wer
Sup
ply
PSI
Lbs
Per S
quar
e In
chPS
IA
Lbs
Per S
quar
e In
ch A
bsol
ute
PSIG
Lb
s Pe
r Squ
are
Inch
Gau
gePS
IDLb
s Pe
r Squ
are
Inch
Diff
eren
tial
PTPo
int
PTL
Pull-
To-L
ock
PUL
Pulv
eriz
erPW
Prim
ary
Wat
erPW
R RN
GPo
wer
Ran
gePR
VPr
essu
re R
elie
f Val
vePZ
RPr
essu
rizer
Rel
ief T
ank
RCRe
acto
r Coo
lant
RCDT
Reac
tor C
oola
nt D
rain
Tan
kRC
FC
Reac
tor C
onta
inm
ent F
an C
oole
rRC
LRe
acto
r Coo
lant
Loo
pRC
SRe
acto
r Coo
lant
Sys
tem
RDT
Rehe
ater
Dra
in T
ank
RECO
MB
Reco
mbi
ner
REG
ENRe
gene
rativ
eRE
LRe
lativ
eRE
SID
Resi
dual
RHRe
sidu
al H
eat
RHR
Resi
dual
Hea
t Rem
oval
RHT
Rehe
atRL
YRe
lay
RNG
Rang
e/Ru
nnin
gRO
CRa
te o
f Cha
nge
RTD
Resi
stan
ce T
emp.
Det
ecto
rRT
NRe
turn
RVLI
SRe
acto
r Ves
sel L
evel
Indi
catio
n Sy
stem
RWRa
dwas
teRW
STRe
fuel
ing
Wat
er S
tora
ge T
ank
S/G
Stea
m G
ener
ator
SASe
rvic
e Ai
rSB
Se
rvic
e Bu
ildin
gSE
CSe
cond
SEL
Sele
ctSE
PSe
para
tor
SERV
Serv
ice
SFP
Serv
ice
Fuel
Pum
pSG
TRSt
eam
Gen
erat
or T
ube
Rupt
ure
SISa
fety
Inje
ctio
nSP
ECSp
ecifi
catio
nST
DYSt
eady
STN
BYSt
andb
yST
ORSt
orag
eSU
PPR
Supp
ress
edSU
PRES
SSu
ppre
ssio
nSW
Se
rvic
e W
ater
/Sw
itch
SWST
Seco
ndar
y W
ater
Sto
rage
Tan
kT/
CTh
erm
ocou
ples
TA
MB
Ambi
ent T
empe
ratu
reTA
VGAv
erag
e Te
mpe
ratu
re
TBTu
rbin
e Bu
ildin
g/Te
rmin
al B
ox/B
lock
TCCo
ld L
eg T
empe
ratu
reTC
VTe
mpe
ratu
re C
ontro
l Val
veTD
Turb
ine
Dra
inTG
Turb
ine
Gen
erat
orTH
ERTh
erm
alTH
RTTh
rottl
eTH
STTh
rust
TREP
Refe
renc
e Te
mpe
ratu
reTR
NA
Trai
n A
(B, C
, etc
.)TR
NSN
T Tr
ansi
ent
TRP
Trip
TTD
Term
inal
Tem
p. D
iffer
ence
TURB
STu
rbin
esUN
CON
T Un
cont
rolle
dVA
CVa
cuum
VALS
Valu
esVA
PVa
por
VAR
Varia
nce
VCT
Volu
me
Cont
rol T
ank
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©20
08, 2
017.
Gra
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s, In
c. g
rant
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limite
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voca
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right
to re
use
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nter
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educ
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requ
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the
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cons
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f Gra
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Pro
duct
s, In
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Cop
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nd L
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dis
clai
mer
s in
all
wor
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reat
ed u
nder
this
lice
nse.
05/17