Best Document for Shift Keying
description
Transcript of Best Document for Shift Keying
![Page 1: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
![Page 2: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
![Page 3: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
![Page 5: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
![Page 6: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
BER of BPSK
Figure 6.3 Signal-space diagram for coherent binary PSK system. The waveforms depicting the transmitted signals s1(t) and s2(t), displayed in the inserts, assume nc 2.
![Page 7: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Figure 6.3 Signal-space diagram for coherent binary PSK system. The waveforms depicting the transmitted signals s1(t) and s2(t), displayed in the inserts, assume nc 2.
![Page 8: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
![Page 9: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Generation and Detection of Coherent BPSK
Figure 6.4 Block diagrams for (a) binary PSK transmitter and (b) coherent binary PSK receiver.
![Page 11: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Figure 6.5 Power spectra of binary PSK and FSK signals.
![Page 13: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Figure 6.6 Signal-space diagram of coherent QPSK system.
![Page 14: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Generation and Detection of Coherent BPSK
Figure 6.8 Block diagrams of (a) QPSK transmitter and (b) coherent QPSK receiver.
si1
si2
odd
even
See Table 6.1
![Page 19: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
, g(t) denotes the symbol shaping function.
The baseband QPSK PSD equals the sum of the inphase and quadrature PSD
![Page 20: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Figure 6.9 Power spectra of QPSK and MSK signals.
![Page 21: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Figure 6.7 (a) Input binary sequence. (b) Odd-numbered bits of input sequence and associated binary PSK wave. (c) Even-numbered bits of input sequence and associated binary PSK wave. (d) QPSK waveform defined as s(t) si1f1(t) si2f2(t).
![Page 22: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Figure 6.10 Possible paths for switching between the message points in (a) QPSK and (b) offset QPSK.
Offset QPSK ( Reducing Carrier Amplitude Change)
![Page 23: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
![Page 24: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
/4 –shifted QPSKTwo ordinary QPSK constellations
Figure 6.11 Two commonly used signal constellations of QPSK; the arrows indicate the paths along which the QPSK modulator can change its state.
![Page 25: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
![Page 26: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
![Page 27: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
![Page 28: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
![Page 30: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
![Page 31: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31Figure 6.14 Illustrating the possibility of phase angles wrapping around the positive real axis.
![Page 32: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32Figure 6.13 Block diagram of the /4-shifted DQPSK detector.
![Page 33: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
![Page 34: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Figure 6.15 (a) Signal-space diagram for octaphase-shift keying (i.e., M 8). The decision boundaries are shown as dashed lines. (b) Signal-space diagram illustrating the application of the union bound for octaphase-shift keying.
![Page 35: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35Figure 6.16 Power spectra of M-ary PSK signals for M 2, 4, 8.
![Page 36: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
![Page 37: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
![Page 38: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
![Page 39: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
![Page 40: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
QAM Cross ConstellationM=2n where n is odd (e.g., 5,7,…)
(6.65) )erfc(2
112
0N
E
Mp b
e
Figure 6.18 Illustrating how a square QAM constellation can be expanded to form a QAM cross-constellation.
![Page 41: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
![Page 42: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
BFSK has a two-dimensional signal space
(6.91) (6.90), 0
and 0
21
b
b
E
E s s
Figure 6.25 Signal-space diagram for binary FSK system. The diagram also includes two inserts showing example waveforms of the two modulated signals s1(t) and s2(t).
![Page 43: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
![Page 44: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
![Page 45: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Generation and Detection of Coherent BPSK
Figure 6.26 Block diagrams for (a) binary FSK transmitter and (b) coherent
binary FSK receiver.
![Page 46: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
![Page 47: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47Figure 6.5 Power spectra of binary PSK and FSK signals.
![Page 48: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
![Page 49: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
![Page 50: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
![Page 51: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
![Page 52: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
![Page 53: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
![Page 54: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
![Page 55: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
![Page 56: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
![Page 57: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Figure 6.27 Phase tree.
![Page 58: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
Figure 6.28 Phase trellis; boldfaced path represents the sequence 1101000.
![Page 59: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
![Page 60: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
![Page 61: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Figure 6.30 (a) Input binary sequence. (b) Waveform of scaled time function s1f1(t). (c) Waveform of scaled time function s2f2(t). (d) Waveform of the MSK signal s(t) obtained by adding s1f1(t) and s2f2(t) on a bit-by-bit basis.
Fig. 6.28
![Page 62: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
![Page 63: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63The constellation of MSK is similar to that of QPSK
Figure 6.29 Signal-space diagram for MSK system.
![Page 64: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
![Page 65: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
![Page 66: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Generation and Detection of MSK Signals
Figure 6.31 Block diagrams for (a) MSK transmitter and (b) coherent MSK receiver.
![Page 67: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
![Page 68: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
![Page 69: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
(6.132) )) (2
2logexp()( 2
W
ffH
Let W denote the 3dB baseband bandwidth of te pulse-shaping filter.
Figure 6.33 Power spectra of MSK and GMSK signals for varying time-bandwidth product. (Reproduced with permission from Dr. Gordon Stüber, Georgia Tech.)
![Page 70: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
![Page 71: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
PSD of MFSK
Figure 6.36 Power spectra of M-ary PSK signals for M 2, 4, 8.
(Hz) 2
11 T
ff cc
![Page 72: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
![Page 73: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
![Page 74: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
![Page 75: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
![Page 76: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76
![Page 77: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
![Page 78: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78
![Page 79: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79
Figure 6.38 Output of matched filter for a rectangular RF wave: (a) 0, and (b) 180 degrees.
![Page 80: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80
![Page 81: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81
![Page 82: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
![Page 83: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83
![Page 84: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84
![Page 85: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
85
Figure 6.41 Calculation of the conditional probability that l2 l1, given l1.
![Page 86: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
86
![Page 87: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
87
![Page 88: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
88
![Page 89: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
89Figure 6.42 Noncoherent receiver for the detection of binary FSK signals.
![Page 90: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
90
![Page 91: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
91
![Page 92: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
92
![Page 93: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
93Figure 6.44 Signal-space diagram of received DPSK signal.
)(sent
,2
2 ts
TtT bb
bTt 0
![Page 94: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
94
![Page 95: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
95
![Page 96: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
96Figure 6.45 Comparison of the noise performance of different PSK and FSK schemes.
![Page 97: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
97
![Page 98: Best Document for Shift Keying](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061119/54655227b4af9fb2188b4744/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
98Figure 6.46 Signal constellation for (a) M-ary PSK and (b) corresponding M-ary QAM, for M 16.