BEST 2014BEST 2011BEST 2014

Special survey & key figure topic 2014

Tickets and ticket inspections

Kjetil Vrenne, BEST Project manager

BEST 2014

Previous special topics

• 2008: Use of PT information channels• 2009: How to finance PT service improvements• 2010: Transfers• 2011: Walking distance vs. frequency• 2012: Comfort vs. travel time• 2013: Ticket media & use of PT information channels• 2014: Tickets & ticket inspections, and use of ticket

media

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 2

BEST 2014

Content1. Key figures: Reported fare evasion rates2. How common is it to be fined by the PTA for

not paying?3. Perception of the ticketing system (ease of

use)4. Perception of the PTA’s effort to reduce fare

evasion5. Perception of how the inspections are

conducted6. Citizens attitude towards fare evasion7. Preliminary findings

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 3

BEST 2014

Key figures: Fare evasion rates 2013 • Share of passengers

inspected is around 1 % on average (from 0,87% - 1,5 %)

• Reported fare evasion rates is around 3 to 4 %

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 4

Share of passengers inspected

Mode Copen-hagen Helsinki Geneva Oslo Stock-

holmTotal 0,87 % 1,22 % 0,90 % 1,5 %Bus 0,24 % 0,27 % 0,85 % 0,55 % Metro 1,75 % n.a. 1,54 % Tram 1,05 % 0,85 % 0,90 % Train* 8,32 % 1,67 % 8,00 % Boat 1,95 % 100,00 %

Share without a valid ticket

Mode Copen-hagen Helsinki Geneva Oslo Stock-

holmBus 3,5 % 0,5 % 2,9 % 7,1 %

Metro 2,9 % n.a. 3,0 %

Tram 2,9 % 2,9 % 5,2 %

Train* 0,9 % 4,0 % n.a. n.a

Boat 1,4 % 0,0 %

Average 2,7 % 3,1 % 4,4 % 3,0 %Comments: *Train includes Movias train and not DSB

BEST 2014

How does share of inspected passengers affect fare evasion?

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 5

BEST 2014

Around 20% of the population has been fined by their PTA (except Bergen and Stockholm)

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 6

Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

2%

25% 26%17% 19%

5%

73%

74% 65% 78% 72%

80%

25%

2% 8% 5% 8% 15%

Have you ever had to pay a fine because you didn’t have a valid ticket?

Yes NoNever experienced ticket inspection

BEST 2014

Ticketing systems not perceived as user friendly – Helsinki is “best in class”

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 7

Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

51%44% 43%

71%

55%

29%

Ticketing system - easy to use

BEST 2014

A reduction in fare evasion not perceived as top-priority in Stockholm

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 8

Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

72%67%

74%68%

73%

51%

PTA actively working to reduce fare evasion

BEST 2014

Almost one of four in Copenhagen thinks it is socially acceptable to travel without a ticket

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 9

Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

11%

22%

13%9%

17%12%

Socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket

BEST 2014

How ticket inspections are conducted is perceived quite well – except in Stockholm

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 10

Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

67%71%

77% 75%

64%

35%

Ticket inspections performed efficient/professional

BEST 2014

People in Oslo and Stockholm seems more likely to travel without a valid ticket

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 11

Attitudes towards fare evasion Bergen Copen-

hagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stock-holm

I have no trouble traveling without a valid ticket

1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 2 % 1 %

I occasionally travel without a valid ticket, but I try to avoid it

4 % 3 % 9 % 5 % 8 % 15 %

I will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticket 26 % 28 % 28 % 26 % 42 % 41 %

I will never travel without a valid ticket 68 % 69 % 61 % 68 % 48 % 43 %

Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

BEST 2014

Attitudes towards travelling without a ticket correlates strongly with social acceptance and how ticket inspections are performed

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 12

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

40%

60%

51%

42%

34%

67%

45%50%

16%

68%

47%

64%

9%

67%

55%

71%

I have no trouble traveling without a ticketI occasionally travel without a ticket, but try to avoid itI will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticketI will never travel without a valid ticket

Shar

e th

at a

gree

s pa

rtly

or

fully

BEST 2014

Preliminary summary1. Reported fare evasion rates around 3 to 4 %, but

attitudes towards the ticketing system, fare evasion and ticket inspections differs between cities

2. Around 5 to 15 % of citizens might have a tendency to travel without a valid ticket

3. Up to 25 % of the population in some cities have paid a fine

4. Ticketing systems are not perceived as user-friendly, except in Helsinki

5. It’s more socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket in Oslo and especially Copenhagen

6. Ticket inspections are performed in a way citizens are quite satisfied with (taking into account that it is an inspection), except in Stockholm

BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 13

BEST 2014BEST 2011BEST 2014

Appendix: Questionnaire

BEST 2014

Tickets & ticket inspections

Questions added in the surveyWhat kind of ticket did you use last time you travelled with public transport?• Single ticket• Multiple ride ticket • 24-hours / 7-days passes• 30-days or 365 day passes (season cards)• I did not have a valid ticket • Other type of ticket Which of the following statements best fit for you?• I have no trouble traveling without a valid ticket, and will

continue to do so in the future• I occasionally travel without a valid ticket, but I try to

avoid it• I will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticket• I will never travel without a valid ticket To which degree to you agree with the following statements• It is socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket• PTA is actively working to reduce the number of non–

paying passengers

• PTA ticketing system is easy to use (read- ticket, check the expiration date, check balance, determine the number of zones, rules when changing lines etc)

• Ticket controls are performed in an efficient and professional manner

In which public transport mode did you last experience a ticket inspection? • Bus/trolleybus• Tramway• Train/RER• Boat• I have never experienced a ticket inspection

Have you ever had to pay a fine because you didn’t have a valid ticket? • Yes• No

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