Berlin, June 7, 2017 - Youth 20 Dialogue · Berlin, June 7, 2017 ... opportunities for youth ......

PositionPaper

developedbytheParticipantsoftheY20Summit2017

Berlin,June7,2017

SHAPING AN INTERCONNECTED WORLD. EINE VERNETZTE WELT GESTALTEN. 2

Preamble

We,theY20Summit2017delegation,metinBerlin,Germanyon2-8thJune2017.

WeweredrawnfromnationsandorganisationsacrosstheglobeincludingtheG20members:Argentina,Australia,Brazil,Canada,China,France,Germany,India,Indonesia,Italy,Japan,RepublicofKorea,Mexico,Russia,SaudiArabia,SouthAfrica,Turkey,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesofAmericaandtheEuropeanUnion;guestcountriesTheNetherlands,Norway,Singapore,Spain;andrepresentativesfromtheAfricanUnion,Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC),InternationalLabourOrganisation(ILO),NewPartnershipforAfrica'sDevelopment(NEPAD)Agency,OrganisationforEconomicCo-OperationandDevelopment(OECD),WorldTradeOrganisation(WTO),UnitedNationsMajorGroupforChildrenandYouth(UNMGCY),andUnitedNationsInter-AgencyNetworkonYouthDevelopment'sWorkingGrouponYouth&GenderEquality.

WewereinvitedbytheGermanG20PresidencytodiscussimportantchallengesthatyoungpeoplefacetodayandtoprovideourinputandrecommendationsfromayouthperspectivefortheupcomingG20Summit.WewelcomethisopportunitytocontributetotheG20debate.

Therefore,ourapproachtotheY20Summitreflectednotonlydifferentnationalities,butalsodiverseprofessional,academicandculturalbackgrounds.Werecognisethediversityofyoutheverywhereandtheneedtoensurethattheirviewsarenotonlyheard,butalsoincorporatedintothepoliticalprocess.

Ourdiscussionshavefocusedon11outofthe15G20agendatopics.However,weholdtheviewthatallG20agendatopicsareequallyimportantinpromotinggrowthandshouldbeaddressed.OursuggestedactionsandpolicyrecommendationsfortheG20areoutlinedinthispositionpaper.

Wealsonoteinthisdocumentthegrowingmistrustinpoliticalinstitutionsfrommanyyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.Inlightofthisrealisation,wemusthighlighttheimportanceofinclusiveandtransparentglobalgovernance;weencouragetheG20toupholdthehigheststandardsinthisregard.WealsoencouragetheG20todevelopandadoptcreativesolutions,someofwhicharesuggestedinthisdocument,toaddressoursharedchallenges.

YouthparticipationisahumanrightandtheG20shouldtakeleadershipinensuringthatyoungpeoplehaveaccesstotherighttoparticipate.TheG20mustpromotetheactiveengagementofyouth,youthcouncils,andorganisationswhilemakingdecisionsthroughopenandparticipativestructures.WeencouragetheG20tostrengthenamulti-stakeholderapproachinitsdeliberations.


WethereforehighlyappreciatetheeffortsoftheGermanG20PresidencytoorganiseandfinancethissummitallowingyoungpeopletomeaningfullyparticipateintheG20process.Furthermore,weencouragethe2018ArgentineG20PresidencytoenhancethisyouthdialogueduringtheirpresidencytomaintainstructuredcollaborationwiththeG20process.

Youngpeopleneedthechancetolive,prosper,andsucceed.Throughourcontinuedefforts,andwiththesupportoftheG20,wecanensurethattogetherwecanbuildabetterfutureforourgenerationandallgenerationstocome.

Y20youth,inparticular,arefacingcommonanddeep-rootedchallenges:lackofeconomicopportunitiesforyouth,andlackofyouthinvolvementintheglobaleconomy.In2017,globalyouthunemploymentratesisexpectedtoreach13.1percent1.Whatisevenmorealarmingisthefactthat25percentofyouthinmiddle-incomenationsand15percentinhighincomenationsareNEETs:notineducation,employmentortraining2.

1ILO,2017.2OECD,2017.


TheStateoftheGlobalEconomy

Challengesandopportunitiesfromayouthperspective

Theglobaleconomyisatacrossroads.AsG20leadersgathertomapoutstrategiesforglobaleconomicresilience,itisimportanttotakeintoaccountglobaleconomicchallengesfacedbyyouth.Youthrepresentroughlyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation,and85percentliveindevelopingcountries.Althoughthechallengeswefacevaryfromcountrytocountry,weallarelivingintheshadowofaglobaleconomiccrisis.Thelackofeconomicopportunitiesforyouth,andthelackofyouthinvolvementintheglobaleconomycontributetothegreatestsecurityanddevelopmentchallengesoftoday.

In2017,theglobalyouthunemploymentrateisexpectedtoreach13.1percent.Whatisevenmorealarmingisthefactthatnearlyaquarteroftheworld'syoungpeopleareNEETs:notineducation,employmentortraining.Theeconomiclossfromdisengagedyouthunderemployment,inequality,ormarginalisationissignificant.Failuretoprovideyoungpeoplewithopportunitiesnotonlylowerseconomicgrowthtoday,butalsothreatensthefutureoftheglobaleconomy.

Whileeducationisthekeytomoreproductiveandprosperouseconomies,inclusivequalityeducationforyouthremainsachallenge.Housinghasgrownmorecostly,too,especiallyinthegloballyconnectedmegacitieswherethebestjobsarelocated.

WhatgovernmentsandpolicymakersdecideintheG20Summitwillhaveprofoundconsequencesonyounggenerationsaroundtheworld.Itisthereforeessentialtodevelopstrategiestoharnesstheincrediblepowerofyouth’sdynamismtogenerateglobalandsustainableeconomicgrowth.

TheY20youthcallonmembersoftheG20to:

1. Enhanceglobaleconomicpolicy:● Ensureglobaleconomicpoliciesandpartnershipsarewell-planned,transparentand

organisedtoachievestrong,sustainable,balancedandinclusivegrowth;● Usemonetaryandfiscalpoliciesintandeminordertosupporteconomicactivityandensure

pricestability;● Utilisefiscalpolicyincludingfairtaxationandresponsiblepublicexpenditureincludinghigh

qualityinvestment;● Reaffirmglobalexchangeratecommitmentstoavoidtheintensityandrecurrencesof

devaluations;


2. Ensureeconomicstability:

● Ensurethatmember-statesarevigilantabouttheriseofeconomiccrisesandpublicdebtsaroundtheworld;

● Reiteratetheneedforstrongerandstricterregulationsacrossdifferentsectorsthatarepronetoeconomicadversity;

● Advocatetheimportanceofeconomicdiversificationforallcountries,includingdevelopingandresource-dependentcountries.

3. Supportthesharingeconomy:

● Invitekeystakeholderstocollectdataonconsumptionandwastepatternsinordertoprovidethesolidfoundationforenterprisestodesigneffectivesharingmodels;

● Clarifypoliciesdirectlyaddressingspecificaspectsofthesharedeconomyincludingtaxation,insurance,licensing,socialrightsanddataprotection;

● Promotenewformsofpeer-to-peerlendingandfundraisingplatformstosupportyoungentrepreneurs.

4. Fosterglobalmicro,smallandmediumenterprise(MSME)growth:

● Createanentrepreneurialecosystemwhichpromotesathrivingentrepreneurialculturetodriveinnovationandemployment;

● PromoteasetofcoordinatedpolicytoolsandresourcestoempoweryouthinMSMEssuchasmicro-financing,informationservices,publicadvisoryservicesandriskevaluationservices;

● EstablishandimproveasustainabletechnologytransferdatabasetailoredforMSMEsglobally.

5. Sustaineconomicequality:

● Establishafairwealthredistributionsystemtoimproveopportunitiesofyoungpeople;● Enhance the basic infrastructures in developing countries through long-term partnership

projectsandalternativeformsofaid.

Youthareattheforefrontofchangeforasociety.Theirinnovativeideasandenergycanbeaforceforsocialandeconomicchange.Youthunderstandthemainissuesthatareplaguingthemselvesthebest.Aframeworkfortheinclusionofyouthinpolicymakingneedstobecreated.Policymakersalsoneedtoutiliseglobalplatformsandyouthorganisationstopromotetheinclusionofyouthleadersingovernment.Foryouthtobecomecatalystsforchangeandeconomicgrowth,governmentsandpolicymakersneedtobecomecatalystsforyouthinclusioninpolicymaking.


GlobalTrade

Rethinking21stCenturyGlobalTrade

GiventherisingtendencyofprotectionisminsomeG20economiesandtheageofdigitalisation,theY20Summitacknowledgesthediverse21stcenturychallengesthatareputtingimmensestressonthecurrentglobaltradeenvironment.Duetotheunevenimpactsoftrade,alackofproperresourceredistributionandtradeliteracy,therehasbeenincreasingskepticismtowardfreetrade.Assuch,thereisanurgentcalltoexaminetheevidencetorethinkglobaltradetowardsamoreinclusiveandresponsive21stcentury.1. InclusiveTradeWereiteratethatthebasisforinclusivetradeisarules-basedtradingsystem.Suchasystemiscrucialforpredictions,forwardplanning,andcooperation.G20Members,asWTOMembers,shouldrefrainfromunilateralismandactwithintheframeworkoftheWTO,whichensuresanequal,levelplayingfieldforallcountries.Nevertheless,thetradingsystemcouldalsoworkbetterforallbyconsideringtheecologicalandsocialconsequencesoftrade.Furthermore,itisessentialtoempowermicro,small,andmediumenterprisestointegrateyouthandwomeninglobaltrade.Toachievethis,werecommendthattheG20Members:

● Ensurethehighestrespectofinternationalstandardsbyalltraders,throughoutglobalvaluechains,byrequiringpublicdisclosureoftraders’laborandenvironmentalindicatorsonpublicwebsites,encouragingcompliancewithinternationalstandards3andenhancingaccountability;

● Enhancebenefitsoftradeforall,particularlyby:

• Workingfurtherwithinternationalorganisationstoagreeonbestpracticesfortradeadjustmentprograms,toprovidesafetynetsforthoseleftoutfromglobalisation;

• Consideringopeningdiscussionstodevelopanagreementonanti-corruptionintheWTOcontext,toensureintegritythroughoutglobalvaluechains;and

• Empoweringcommunitiesininternationaltrade,especiallyyouthandwomen,throughfundingforinfrastructure;humancapacitybuildingthrougheducation;andvocationaltrainings.

3 InlinewithOECDGuidelinesforMultinationalEnterprisesandtakingintoaccounttheILOWorstFormsofChildLabourConvention,theILOForcedLabourConventionanditsadditionalProtocol,aswellastheTripartiteDeclarationofPrinciplesconcerningMultinationalEnterprisesandSocialPolicyandtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.


Committodeveloplabourmarketreformsforincreasedflexibilityforworkerstocrossbordersandtheinclusionofyouth,womenandolderworkers.

● ReduceunnecessarytradecoststhatareespeciallyburdensomeforMSMEs,particularlyby:

• Offeringeasyaccesstoinformationaboutregulationsinplacethroughacentralisedonlineplatform4;

• Co-operatinginternationallyinregulatoryprocesseswhenfacingcommonpolicychallenges;

• Clarifyingthelegislationapplicabletoe-commerce,particularlyoncross-bordermarketplaces;and

• DevelopingfocusedtrainingprogrammesforMSMEsontheTradeFacilitationAgreementtoreduceredtapeattheborderandsimplifyaccesstoexports.

2. ImprovingTradeLiteracyWearefacingaconundrum:howdoweeducatepeopleonthebenefitsandchallengesofinternationaltradewhenthediscussionsrequirespecialised,technicalknowledge?TheY20Summitaffirmstheimportanceofyouthsholdinginformedopinionabouttradetocontributetodebates.WethereforerecommendthatG20Membersenhancetradeliteracythrough:

● Simplifyinformation:Disseminatingexistingstudiesabouttraderegulationdevelopedbyinternationalorganisationsthroughamorecitizen-orientedapproach,includinginfographics,videosanddifferentpresentationsinlocallanguages;and

● Conductinclusiveoutreach:Publiccampaignsinsocialmediaandothermediaoutletstoreachouttoaudiencesotherthanspecialisedtradersandbusinessmen.Additionally,tradecanbeincludedasatopicinschoolcurriculasostudentscanbeexposedtoabasicfunctioningofinternationaltradefromanearlyage.Trainingprogramsforbusinesses,especiallyMSMEs,canbesupportedtoenhanceknowledgeonintegratingintoglobalvaluechains.

3. TransparencyinTradeNegotiation

Thereiswidespreaddemandformoretransparencyintradenegotiations.WerecommendthatG20MemberscommittoapplyingdomesticgoodregulatorypracticesasrecommendedbytheOECD5throughoutallphasesofthenegotiationoftradeagreements,including:

4 ThiscouldenhancetheexistingplatformfornotificationsofdraftmeasuresdevelopedbyWTO,ITCandUNODC:http://www.epingalert.org

5 OECDRecommendationonRegulatoryPolicyandGovernance:http://www.oecd.org/governance/regulatory-


● Independentregulatoryimpactassessmentsaboutthecontentandscopeoftrade

agreementspriortothelaunchofthenegotiations;

● Inclusivenessoftradenegotiationsviaregularstakeholderconsultations;and

● Transparencyoftradenegotiations:Overall,ensureeasyaccesstoon-goingtradenegotiationsbycitizensandstakeholdersworldwide,throughanopenonlineplatformsuchastheWTORegionalTradeAgreementInformationSystem.

policy/49990817.pdf


Employment

TheFutureofWork

Factorssuchastechnology,digitalisation,andglobalisationarereshapingtheworldofwork.Whileweseethesedevelopmentsasopportunities,theyalsobringchallengesforyoungpeople.Thisisintheformofskillsmismatches,unstableemploymentopportunities,andtheriskoferodingworkers’voicesinsocialdialogue.Weacknowledgethatlabourmarketsarerapidlychangingandwebelievethatthecurrentformsofsocialdialogueandsocialprotectionmustbeadapted.

Over70millionyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof15and24areunemployed,withaglobalyouthunemploymentrateapproximatelythreetimeshigherthanadults-withsomecountriesreachingupto50percent.AshighlightedbytheGlobalInitiativeonDecentJobsforYouth,jobqualityremainsapersistentchallenge,withmanyyoungworkerslivinginpoverty,underemployed,orininformalemployment.

Weunderlinetheroleofyouthorganisationsinthecreationandimplementationofemployabilityprogramstargetingyouth,astheyarebestplacedtoreachthemostvulnerableandexcludedyouth.Webelievethatprovidingsupportforandpromotingyouthorganisationsisanimperative.

Newskillsforthefutureofwork

Thechanginglabourmarketdemandsdifferentskillsets.Thedemandforsocialandcreativeskillsisincreasing,astheseskillsaredifficulttoreplacewithnewtechnology.Globalisationanddigitalisationenableawiderangeoflearningpaths,includingnon-formaleducationandinformallearning.Wealsorecognisetheimportanceofmigrantworkersforeconomicgrowth.Therefore,wetheY20urgefor:

● Implementationofnationalskillsrecognitionsystemstoassessskillsacquiredoutsideof

formaleducationandtrainingsystems,includingthosegainedfromparticipationinyouthorganisationsandvolunteering;

● Interconnectednationalandinternationalqualificationframeworksthatrecognisequalificationsacrossborders;

● Thepromotionoflifelonglearningtoguidepeopletowardsqualityemploymentandlong-termcareerprospects;

● Aholisticapproachtoeducation,focusingonthedevelopmentofcoreskills;● Tailoredcareerguidanceforyoungpeopleprovidedaspartofsecondaryandtertiary

educationandthroughpublicemploymentservicesandagencies;and● Therespectoflabourrightsformigrantworkers.


Qualityworkplacelearning

WerecognisetheworkoftheG20LabourandEmploymentGroup,specificallytheInitiativetoPromoteQualityApprenticeships.Wecallforthedevelopment,harmonisationandimplementationofqualityandadequateapprenticeshipprograms.Wealsobelievethatqualityvocationaleducationandtraining(VET),internshipsandapprenticeshipsplayakeyroleinthetransitionfromeducationtoemployment.Unfortunately,socialstigmaregardingVETandapprenticeshipsleadstoalowdemandfortheselearningpaths.Therefore,wetheY20urgefor:

● Activepublic-privatecooperationandtheinclusionofemployer,employee,andstudentorganisationsincurriculumbuildingforVETprogrammes;

● CompliancewiththecommitmentstakenundertheChineseG20Presidencytoincreasethequality,quantity,attractiveness,anddiversityofapprenticeships;

● UpdatingandadaptingtheG20trainingstrategytoconsiderthefutureofwork;● Theabolitionofunpaidinternshipsandpromotionofqualityinternshipsbasedonthe

EuropeanQualityCharteronInternshipsandApprenticeships.

Futureofthesocialdialogueandnewformsofwork

Manyworkersarenotbeingheardinsocialdialogue.Newformsofworksuchasworkingremotely,crowd-work,andplatformworkbroughtaboutbythedigitalrevolutionposeachallengetothefutureofsocialdialogue.Traditionally,tradeunionsonlyrepresentworkersonstandardcontractsandintraditionalindustries.Whilecurrentlyrepresentingaminorityoftotalemployment,thenewformsofworkareexpectedtogrowexponentiallyinthenearfuture6.WetheY20urgefor:

● Increasedeffortstoincludeworkerswithnon-standardcontracts,self-employed,andrepresentativesofapprenticesinsocialdialogue;

● Thepromotionofnewformsofsocialdialoguethatensurebroaderworkers’representation.Non-standardformsofworkandsocialprotection

Weacknowledgetheflexibilitythatnon-standardformsofworkprovideandareawarethatthecontributionsofworkersinthistypeofworkareoftennotreflectedinsocialsystems.Therefore,theseworkershavebeenunabletoobtainsocialbenefitssuchaspensions,unemployment,ormaternityandpaternitybenefits.WetheY20urgefor:

● Non-discriminatoryemploymentandsocialpoliciessuchastaxincentivesforbusinessesto

employyoungpeopleinsteadoflowerminimumwagesforyoungpeople;● Allyoungworkersbeingprovidedsocialprotections,regardlessofthetypeofthecontract.

6 InternationalLabourOrganization,2016.


Digitalisation

Challenges and Recommendations for a Digital Future

Webelievethatdigitalisationisofutmostimportancetoyouthfortworeasons:● Atrulyglobal,internationallygoverned,andreliableInternetenablessustainableand

inclusiveeconomicgrowthforourgeneration;and● Wearethemosttech-savvygenerationyetandhavethegreatestpotentialtoadopt

groundbreakingtechnologies.

Wefirmlybelieveinthefutureofaglobally-connected,sustainablesocietyandthusurgeG20memberstocooperateandensurethestablefunctioningofInternetinfrastructureandopenaccesstodigitalconnectivity.TheY20summitaffirmsthecommitmentsmadeinHangzhoutotheConnect2020Agendaofprovidingdigitalaccesstothenext1.5billionpeopleby2020,butmuchmoreneedstobedone.

Thethreebiggestchallengesourgenerationiscurrentlyfacinginthedigitalsphereare:● Thedigitalgap.Althoughdigitalaccessincreasedfrom4percentto40percentoftheworld

populationinthelast20years,onlyabout12percentofpeopleinemergingeconomieshaveabroadbanddataconnection7.Weneedtointensifyoureffortstobridgethegapthatstillexistsduetovariousdisparitiesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries;

● TheabsenceofaninternationallyrecognisedlegalframeworkontheInternetincluding.managementandrulesregulatingtheconductofstatesandnon-stateactors(NSAs)incyberspace;and

● Obsoleteskills.Accordingtoa2016PWCreport8,21-38percentofjobs,especiallylow-skilledones9,couldbelosttoautomationby2030andcancriticallyaffectyouthemployment.Youngpeoplewillneedmorerelevantskills.

Wethereforeneedbetterpoliciestoensurethatyouthcanthriveinanincreasinglydigitalisedworld.

7 https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/09/how-can-we-achieve-universal-internet-access/8https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/ukeo/pwcukeo-section-4-automation-march-2017-v2.pdf9http://www.measureofamerica.org/youth-disconnection-2015/


Ourkeyrecommendationsare:

● EnsureUniversalDigitalAccess.Weneedtoensurethatallnations,especiallydevelopingones,haveaccesstodigitalinfrastructure-thebasisforfurtherinnovation.Governmentsandbusinessesshouldcooperatetonarrowthedigitaldividebyincreasingconnectivity,improvingproductivity,andfosteringgrowth.

WetheY20urgetheG20memberstoestablishPublic-PrivatePartnerships(PPPs)toconductnecessaryscientificresearch,builddigitalframeworksthatprovideequalaccesstotheinternet,andsupportthedesignofinexpensivetechnologiesthatsuittheneedsofthedevelopingworld.Propergovernmentalregulationofthesectorisneededtopreventtheformationofnetworkmonopolies;

● ImplementDigitalEducationAndLiteracyProgramsAstechnologyplaysamorepervasivepartinourlives,weneedeffectiveandrelevantdigitaleducationthatencompassesformalschoolingandreal-worldexperience.Currentandfuturegenerationsstandtobenefitgreatlyfrominvestmentsindigitaleducationandliteracy,inparticularforlifelonglearning,andwecallontheG20nationstomakethisakeypriority.Wehighlighttheneedtoorganiseprogramsforthevulnerableandlessdigitallyliterategroupssuchasyoungwomen,rural,disabledandilliteratepopulations.Educationondigitalethics,includingtheconsequencesofInternetuseandanonymity,iscrucialtopreventcyberattacksandcybercrime.

WeproposeestablishingPPPswithrelevantcompaniestoorganisebetterwork-studyprogrammesthatincorporatedigitalskillsenablingyouthstoeffectivelyutilisetechnologiesinreal-worldsettings;

● CreateAnInternationallyRecognisedLegalFrameworkForInternetGovernance

WeconsiderthatthemanagementoftheInternetshouldbeanopen,democraticandpeople-centeredprocessbasedonuniversallyrecognisedprinciplesofinternationallaw.WebelievethereisanurgentneedtocreateanappropriateframeworkundertheauspicesoftheUN.StatesshouldhaveanequalstakeinregulatingtheInternetandrefrainfromcensorshiporrestriction.Itiscrucialtoensureaproperbalancebetweenprotectingfundamentalrightstoprivacyandnationalsecurity.RulesanddefinitionsareneededtoharmonisetheinteractionandroleofstatesandcompaniesintheICTsector.

Weshouldworktowardstheimplementationoftheprincipalsofnetneutralityonaglobalscale,preventingthestiflingofinnovationbyunfairtreatmentofdata.Anindependentandadequatelyempoweredbody,suchastheITU,mustbeinchargeofimplementingandmonitoringthesegoals;


● StrengthenCyberSecurityCybersecurityincreasesinimportancewiththeriseofindividualsanddevicesconnectedtotheInternet.AcommonunderstandingofInternetsecurityisindispensableforfurthercooperationbetweengovernmentsandNSAsaimedatprotectingcyberspace.StatesshouldexchangerelevantexpertisetodeveloptheInternet,improveitssecurity,andassisteachotherinconductingassessmentsandR&Dtobenefitdevelopingcountries.WeurgetheG20memberstoestablishamechanismthroughwhichgovernmentsandcorporationscanshareinformationregardingcybersecurity,includingbestpractices,vulnerabilitiesand,solutions.SecuritystandardsforcriticalinfrastructureandtheInternetofthingsshouldbedevelopedandenforcedtopreventattacksandavoidcreatingbotnetsofunprecedentedscaleviatheIoT.Emergingtechnologiessuchasblockchainsshouldbeemployedinprotectingcitizens’datafromcyberrisks;and

● PromoteE-GovernanceTechnologiesWeunderstande-governanceasintegrationofICTforthesakeofpromotingtwo-waygovernment-citizencommunication,addressingtheneedsofpeople,anddeliveringeffectiveservices.Itcansignificantlyimprovecivicparticipationofyoungpeopleandincreasetransparencyofgovernmentalstructures.Westronglyencouragethedevelopmentofnetworksconnectingpublicservantsandpromotingthefreeflowofinformationbetweenagencies-increasingefficiency,accountability,andtransparency.


ClimateFirst

YoungIdeasforaSustainableFuture

Climatechangeisreal.Thereisoverwhelmingscientificevidencetosupporttheexistenceofanthropogenicclimatechangeanditsnegativeconsequencesonourplanet.Wehaveagreatopportunitytotakeactionnow.Inthissection,wedescribethemostpressingproblemsfromyoungpeople’sperspectivealongwithpotentialsolutions.Althoughclimatechangeposesasignificantchallengetothefuturesofyoungpeople,wearecapable,creative,andreadytoaddressthesechallengesheadon.

InternationalClimateChangeAgreements,suchastheParisAgreement,shouldbehonouredandgreaterincentivesforjoiningandremainingsignatoriesmustbeadopted.WetheY20urgeG20membersto:

● Increasethenumberofrelevantstakeholdersbyinvolvingsub-stateactors,suchascitygovernments,regionalgovernments,youthorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,inclimatenegotiations.Asaresult,anyattenuationofnationalgovernmentalsupportwillnotindicatethecompletewithdrawalofthenation-state.Amoreintegratedsystemofimplementationwillstrengthenthelong-termfeasibilityofsuchagreements;

● Accountability:SimilartothemonitoringofsignatorynationsoftheUNConventionontheRightsoftheChild,thereshouldbeanenhancedandactivemonitorisationbytheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeofinternationalclimatechangeagreements;and

● Avoidinga‘DominoEffect’:Climateagreementsfunctionbestwhenallpartiesoperateonalevelplayingfield.Theinternationalcommunitymustbetoughonnationswhowithdrawfromclimateagreementsandshouldactinapunitivemannertoincentiviseothernationstoremainintheagreement.

Empoweringsustainablesolutionstoenvironmentalproblemswillonlybepossiblebyprovidingtechnicalandlegislativeresourceswhileincreasinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentaswellasintechnologytransfer.WetheY20urgeG20membersto:

● Wastemanagement:DevelopacomprehensiveapproachtowastemanagementthroughtheIntegratedSolidWasteManagement(ISWM)model.Thisisthroughconsciouslydesigningandmanufacturingproductstomaketheseparation,transport,andprocessingofwastemoreefficient,leadingtoacirculareconomy;

● Agriculture:Providesupporttolocalfoodproducerstopromotesmallscalecultivation;sustainablefarmingpractices,suchascroprotation;andirrigationtechnologies,inadditiontotheirimplementation.Reducelarge-scalelivestockproductionandconcentrateonfoodproductionfordirecthumanconsumptionformoreefficientuseoflandwhilesimultaneouslyreducinganimalemissions;


● Energy:Developnovelwaystogenerate,store,andutilisesourcesofrenewableenergysuchasbio-waste,wind,andsolar.Additionally,finddiversewaystointegratethesedevelopmentsintoproductsandserviceswhilstsimultaneouslyassistingthedevelopmentofthesetechnologiesindevelopingeconomies;and

● Market-basedsolutions:Empowerandemploymarket-basedsolutionstoenvironmentalproblemswhenappropriate.Therighttopollutehasacost.Thefightagainstclimatechangeandthefreemarketeconomycanbecompatiblewiththedevelopmentofefficientmarketbasedsolutionstoclimatechangesuchastradingsystems,especiallycarbonemissiontradingaswellaspunitivetaxesandsubsidiesremoval.10

Raisingawarenessisrequiredtopromotetheresponsibleconsumptionofourlimitednaturalresources.TheG20Summitisanopportunitytodiscussimportantinitiativestoenhancethewellbeingoftheglobalcommonswhichcanbethenfollowedbytherestoftheworld.WetheY20urgeG20membersto:

● Education:Createandsupportformalandinformaleducationprogramsthatdevelopenvironmentalawarenessfromayoungandimpressionableage,byincorporatinginformationregardingclimatechangeandtheenvironmentintocurricula.Informationregardingclimateandenergyshouldbemadeavailablethroughtheinternetandsocialmedia(inspirationcanbegainedbyexaminingtheClimateLiteracyandEnergyAwarenessNetwork),inadditiontothecreationofgreenspacesateducationalinstitutions;

● Participation:Youthengagementandawarenessaboutclimatechangeanditsconsequencescanbeincreasedbyorganisingvariouscompetitionsandactivitiesnationallyandinternationally.Futuregenerationsmustbepassionateaboutplanetearthinordertoprotectit;and

● Awarenesscampaigns:Raiseawarenessonactionsthatcanbetakentocontributetothefightagainstclimatechange,suchasthecreationofguidesdistributedthroughsocialmediaandnationalcampaignstomakevarioussocietalsectorspartofthechange.

10 OECD(2017),InvestinginClimate,InvestinginGrowth,OECDPublishing,Paris.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264273528-en


The2030Agenda

AYouthPerspective

Whilewelcomingthereaffirmationofyourcommitmentstothe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentinthe2016HangzhouSummitCommunique11,wefirmlybelievethatthisnewsocialcontractshouldbecometheleadingagendaforallG20membersandwithintheircooperation.Allgoalsshouldbeequallyrespectedandareinterconnected.Weemphasisethespecialroleoforganisedandnon-organisedyouthnotonlyintheimplementation,butalsointhemonitoring,reviewing,andevaluationprocessesofAgenda2030.Thereshouldbeafocusonraisingawarenessofthe2030Agendawithallpeopleglobally.WesharetheunderstandingthattheG20representsacriticallyimportantforumtoimplementtheSDGs,whichhavetheimperativepurposeofbenefitingallcountriesandpeople.

PartI:RecommendationsfortheEffectiveRealisationofthe2030Agenda

WeurgetheG20membersto:● Vigorouslypursuecollaborationwithcivilsocietyorganisationsandstakeholdersatthelocal

leveltoapplyacrucialbottom-upapproachtotheimplementationoftheAgendainalllevelsofgovernment;

● IncorporatetheAgenda’sframeworkthroughformalandnon-formaleducationsystemssuchasincludingtheSDGsincurriculaforchildren,aswellasthroughyouthtrainings,andcivilsocietyprogramming;

● Createandensureeffectivenessofnationalcommitteesandbodies(forexampleanindependentcouncilforSustainableDevelopment)thatensurestheholisticconsiderationoftheAgendaindecision-makingprocesses,highlightingspecificSDG-relateddisparitiesandchallengesonanationallevel.Meaningfulyouthmembershipinthesebodiesiscrucial,e.g.asco-authors;

● ReaffirmthatthecorefunctionoftheUNHigh-LevelPoliticalForumistoopenlymonitorandreviewprogress,andsharebestpracticesandchallenges;

● Strengthenexistingmechanismsforyouthparticipation,suchasMajorGroupsandOtherStakeholdersintheHighLevelPoliticalForum,includingthroughincreasedfunding;

● IncludeofficialUNyouthdelegatesduringtheUNHigh-LevelPoliticalForum.Theyshouldalsocollaboratewithtransparently-chosenyouthrepresentatives(forexamplefromnon-governmental,independent,self-organisedNationalYouthCouncils)toprovideayouthlensinalldiscussionsattheforum,whileensuringanimpactfulrole;

11 C.f.CommuniqueHangzhouG20Leaders’Summit2016Article33.


● EnsuremoretransparentandeffectivefinancingsystemsinaccordancewiththeAddisAbabaActionAgendaonFinancingforDevelopment,12andimmediatelycommittocontributingnolessthan0.7percentofacountry’stotalGDPtoannualoverseasdevelopmentassistance,andencourageincreasingthecommitmenttoatleast1percent;

● Systematicallyintegrateyouthanalysisandyouthbudgetingintocountryagendas,growthstrategy,andpolicyframeworks.Thismustincludeimprovingyouth-disaggregateddatacollectionforevidence-basedpolicymakingandprogressmonitoring;

● CreatetransparentSDGmonitoringsystemsbyestablishingnationalindicatorframeworksthatclearlyandpubliclycommunicateastate’sprogresstowardtheAgenda2030,forexamplethroughanonlineplatformconsistingofbothnationalandglobaldatasetsonimplementation;

● Facilitateparliamentarymechanisms(commissionsorcommittees)onanationallevel,aimedatexecuting‘SDGchecks’whichverifythatallnewandexistingpoliciesandlawsareinaccordancewiththeframeworkoftheAgenda;

● FormalisetheroleoftheDevelopmentWorkingGroupwithintheG20draftingframework.

PartII:RecommendationsonSpecificGoals

ThoughnotprioritisinganyoneoftheSDGsasmostimportant,wewouldliketheG20topayattentiontothetwofollowinggoalswhichwebelievehavenotbeenaddressedsufficientlytodate:

● ConcerningSDG17whichasksto“revitalisetheglobalpartnership”13,werecognisethatinordertoachievethe2030Agenda,theremustbestrengthenedcooperationandpartnershipbeyondtheG20states.Thisincludescriticalpartnershipswithleast-developedcountriesinlinewithAgenda2030attheinternationalandlocallevelsandtheprivatesectoronanationallevel.WeurgetheArgentinePresidencytocontinuetheprogressmadeontheCompactwithAfricaoverthecourseoftheGermanPresidency;

● ConcerningSDG16whichcallsonallstatesto“build[…]accountableinstitutions,”14weacknowledgetheconcernsraisedbysomeyoungpeopleregardingtheG20andurgethatactivitiesoftheG20bebasedupontrulyopen,transparentandinclusiveprocesses,toelicitgreateracceptanceofthedialogueitself.Forexamplethismightbeachievedbyincreasingthenumberofnon-G20observerstatesintheprocess,orbycommunicatingtheentireagendaandallitemsthathavebeendiscussed.

12 CommuniqueHangzhouG20Leaders’Summit2016Article33.13Transformingourworld:The2030Agendaforsustainabledevelopment14ibid.


EmpoweringWomen

YoungWomen’sRighttoEconomicEmpowermentandParticipationinLeadershipandDecision-MakingPositions

Genderequalityisahumanright,butourworldfacesapersistentgapinaccesstoopportunitiesanddecision-makingpowerforyoungwomenandgirls.Globally,whilegendergapsineducationandhealthhavenarrowedconsiderably,womenarestillgenerallyunderrepresentedineconomicandpoliticalspheresoflife.Advancingyoungwomen’sandgirl’shumanrights,economicempowerment,andpoliticalparticipationarecriticalforachievinggenderequality,eradicatingpoverty,andpromotinginclusivesustainabledevelopment.Reflectingthevoices,expertise,rightfulopinionsandexperiencesofyoungpeople,andreferringtotheoutcomedocumentofthe61stCommissiononStatusofWomenYouthForum15,wepresentourrecommendationson“EmpoweringWomen”totheG20headsofstates.

Womenareatriskoflosingoutontomorrow’sbestjobopportunities,whetherinthepublicorprivatesectors,asanemployee,orasanentrepreneur.Thisisespeciallysowithinthescientific,technological,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)fields.Recognisingthateducationiskeyinwomen’sempowerment,werecommend:

● Creatingvocationaleducationaltraininginordertoeasilyprovideyoungwomentheprofessionalskillsnecessarytobecomeeconomicallyindependent;

● CallingontheG20memberstoprioritiseeducation(especiallyforgirls&youngwomen)bycallingontheWorldBank,regionaldevelopmentbanks,anddonorstoestablishanInternationalFinanceFacilityforEducation(IFFEd)16inordertoannuallymobilise$10billionormoreinnewandadditionalresourcesby2020–andupwardsof$20billionby2030(anincreaseof$3.5billionperyeartoday);

● EstablishingSTEMscholarshipsandprogramsfromhighschooluntiluniversityandincentivisingfemaleentry-levelprogramsfocusingontheSTEMfield;

● Ensuringeducationalcurriculaforbothgirlsandboystoincludehumanrights&gendersensitiveeducation,andessentialskillsforeconomicempowermentincludingleadership,problem-solving,financialliteracy,self-esteem,digitalliteracyandentrepreneurialskills17;and

● Creatingmentorshipprogramsinordertosupportwomenintheearlystagesoftheircareers–especiallyinthosefieldswomenareunderrepresented.

15

http://fesplanet.org/Youth%20CSW%20Forum%202017%20Declaration.pdf16http://educationcommission.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/IFFEd-Overview-4-17.pdf17CSW58AgreedConclusions,E/CN.6/2014/L.7,sectionA,para(u)


Femaleleadershipinpoliticalandeconomiclifeiscrucialtoachievinggenderequality,yetwomenaregreatlyunderrepresentedinbothnationalparliamentaryandmanagerialpositions.Werecommend:

● Establishingsystems,forexample,quotas,forleadershippositionsinpublicadministrationsandlargeprivateandpubliccompaniesinordertocreatespaceforwomen'spoliticalandeconomicparticipation;

● Creatingorenhancingtheworkofnationalbodiesthatmonitorandreportontherolesofwomenandmenincompaniesatalllevelsofleadershipanddecision-makingprocesses.

RecallingthecommitmentofG20leaders,andreiteratingW20Germany’s18calltoreducethegapinlabourforceparticipationbetweenwomenandmenby25percentby2025;19acknowledgingthatwhenpaidandunpaidcareworkaretakentogetherwomenworklongerhoursthanmenwerecommend:

● Supportingyoungwomenandmentobetterreconcilework-familyresponsibilitiesthroughintegratedpoliciesthatrangefromchildcarefacilitiesandchildcaresubsidiestoparentalleaveschemesthatenableandencouragementoincreasinglycontributetocareandfamilywork;

● Promotingflexibleworkarrangements,whilealsoensuringadequatesocialprotectionsandbenefits,withtheaimofboostingfemaleemployment;and

● Providingwomenaccessto,andcontrolof,personalfinances,bankaccounts,andlendingthroughlegislativereformandpublic-privatepartnerships.

Thewagegapbetweenmenandwomenpersistsacrosscountriesbecausewomen’sworkisundervaluedandwomentendtobeoverrepresentedinlow-payingsectors.Forwomenofcolour,immigrantwomen,andmothers,thegapisevenwider.Alarmedbythepersistentlyhighgenderpaygap,werecommend:

● Establishingandstrengtheninglegislationmandatingnon-discriminatoryhiringpracticesthatensureequalpayforequalwork;

● Increasingtheemploymentandnetincomesofyoungwomenandmen,especiallyyoungparents,throughtaxcreditsandsubsidies;and

● Championingpoliciesthataimtoincreaseyoungwomen’srepresentationinleadershiproles,particularlywithinlow-payingjobsthatareofteninsufficientlycoveredbyminimumwageprovisionsandcollectivebargainingagreements.

18

Women20Germany2017CommuniquéApril2017http://www.w20-germany.org/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/W20_Communique_Final.pdf19G20Leaders’CommuniquéBrisbaneSummit2014,http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Downloads/G20-Dokumente/2014-Australien-Abschlusserklaerung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1


Violenceagainstwomenandgirlsisagraveviolationofhumanrights.Itsimpactsrangefromimmediatetolong-termandincludephysical,sexual,andmentalconsequencesforwomenandgirls–whichsometimesleadtodeath.Werecommend:

● Creatinglegislationtosupportwomensufferingfromdomesticabuse,humantrafficking,andforcedprostitution;

● Takingallnecessarymeasurestoprovideprotectionfromallformsofviolenceandharassmentrelatedtosexualorientationandgenderidentity20;

● Providinghealthandjusticesystemstoyoungwomenandgirlsimpactedbygender-basedandsexualviolence,includingchildrenbornasaresultofrape;

● Ensuringuniversalaccesstoarangeofsexualandreproductivehealthservices,includingsafeandeffectivecontraceptives,maternalhealthcare,safeandlegalabortionandpostabortioncare,freefromcoercion,discriminationandviolence21;

● Enforcingseverepunishmentsforviolenceagainstwomenwhileensuringthatwomenwillnotbeundulyconstrainedandharassedbylawenforcementagencies;and

● Engagingwithyoungmenandboysfromanearlyageinordertoteachthemtoactinsolidarityagainstgender-basedviolence(GBV).

20

SeeYogyakartaPrinciplesArticle5A,http://www.glen.ie/attachments/The_Yogyakarta_Principles.pdf21SeeCommissionontheStatusofWomen58(2014),AgreedConclusion,para42(o)


RefugeesandAsylum-Seekers

AYouthPerspective

TheworldfacesthelargesthumanitariancrisissincetheoutbreakofWorldWarII.22Morethanadozenconflictshavebrokenoutinthepastyearsindifferentregionsoftheworld,includingSyria,Iraq,SouthSudanandUkraineforcingmanypeopletofleetheirhomes.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees(UNHCR),oneinevery113humanbeingsworldwideisnoweitherarefugee,internallydisplaced,orseekingasylum.23Globally,everysecondrefugeeisachild.24

Weacknowledgetheexistenceoftheproblemsfacedbymigrantsworldwide.However,thecontextofthefollowingrecommendationsprimarilyconcernrefugeesandasylumseekers.AccordingtoUNHCR,migrantissuesarecoveredbynationalimmigrationlawsandprocesses,whereasrefugeeandasylumseekerarecoveredbybothnationalandinternationallaw.

Exposuretoviolenceandwarharmschildren’sandyoungpeople’scultural,intellectual,physical,psychologicalandsocialdevelopment.Childrenandyoutharenotonlyaffectedbywhathappenstothem,butalsobywhattheyaredeprivedof(forexample,theirrighttoeducation).

PreventiveMeasures

Conflictsandwarsaremajordriversofmigration.Inothercasesthelackoffutureopportunities,thedestructionofnaturalresources,aswellaseffectsofclimatechangearedecisiveforthedecisiontomigrate.WecallontheG20leadersandresponsibleorganisationsandinstitutionsto:

• StrengthenandfullyimplementtheUNSecurityCouncilResolution2250onYouth,PeaceandSecuritytomaintainpeace;

• ContinueeffortstowardsmoresustainablepoliciesashighlightedintheParisAgreementandintheAgenda2030;and

• ForimprovedcoordinationofnationalandinternationalstrategiesaimedateconomicandinstitutionalcooperationbetweenfragilestatesandtheG20basedonatafairandequitableexchange.

22http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/syria_en.pdf23http://www.unhcr.org/afr/news/latest/2016/6/5763b65a4/global-forced-displacement-hits-record-high.html24http://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2015/migrant-situation-eu-takes-heavy-toll-children


InternationalStandardsandHumanRights

Currentexistinglegalframeworksoftenfailtofullyensurehumanrightsofrefugeesandasylum-seekers.WecallontheG20leadersandresponsibleinstitutionsto:

• Definethestatusofclimaterefugeesanddesignmeasuresaimedatprotectingthem;• Supportcivilsocietyorganizationsandyouthorganisationsinthemonitoringhumanrights;• DefineG20guidelinesforfairandjustasylumprocedures:forexample,through

conductinginterviewsinanapplicant’sfirstlanguageandkeepinginterviewstoareasonablelength;

• Createlegalchannelsforasylum-seekerstoensureasafepassageandtherighttoasylum,forexample,atembassiesorconsulates;

• DevelopamechanismamongtheG20statestoshareresponsibilityinallocatingrefugeepopulationorprovideappropriatelevelsofsupport.

TheRoleofYouthandYouthOrganisations

Youthareimportantcontributorstoenhancinganinclusivesocietyforallyoungrefugees;empoweringyouthleadstoamoreactivecitizenry.WecallontheG20leadersandresponsibleinstitutionsto:

• Recognisetheworkofyouthorganisationsinthereceptionandinclusionofyoungrefugeesintosociety;mobilizesufficientresourceswhileensuringtherecognitionofskillsobtainedbyyoungrefugeesandasylum-seekers;and

• Fostercooperationwithyouthorganisationsinordertoincorporatehumanrightsandinterculturaldialogueintoschoolcurricula.

InclusionandNon-Discrimination

Inclusionmeansequalopportunities,freefromanyformofdiscrimination,intheparticipationofkeyareasofsociallifeforallpeople.Policiesinthisrealmshouldfollowaholisticandcross-cuttingapproachinordertosupportthelong-termautonomyofyoungasylum-seekersandrefugees.WecallontheG20leadersandresponsibleinstitutionsto:

• Ensuretherighttoinclusiveandqualityeducation;andprovidelanguageeducationduringtheasylumprocess;

• Grantaccesstothelabourmarketandqualityjobsaftermaximumoneyearofpendingasylumprocedureandfacilitatesocio-economicinclusionthroughjobtraining;

• Ensurethatasylum-seekersandrefugeeshaveaccesstoservicesfortheirwell-being,includingmentalhealth,tosupporttheirrecoveryfrompasttrauma.


CombattingTerrorism

Thespreadofterrorismhasbecomeagrowingthreattotheinternationalcommunity.Youngpeoplehavefallenvictimtoincreasingfearandinsecurity.Consideringtheborderlessnatureoftheproblem,asuccessfulresponsecanonlybeeffectivethroughclosecollaborationatthelocal,nationalandgloballevels.

Thereareamultitudeofcomplexchallengestheinternationalcommunityfaceinthefightagainstterrorism.Amongthemarethelackofeffectivenessinglobalcitizenshipeducationinschoolcurriculumsaroundtheworld,thelackofpoliticalcooperation,lackofinformationsharingamongcountries,andthedangersofisolationasapathtowardsradicalisationandultimately,terrorism.

GlobalCitizenshipEducation(GCED)aimstoempowerlearnerstoassumeactiverolestofaceandresolveglobalchallengesandtobecomeproactivecontributorstoamorepeaceful,tolerant,inclusiveandsecureworld.AccordingtotheUNESCO,while86percentofcountrieshavemadeglobalcitizenshipeducationmandatoryintheirnationalcurricula,only46percentofcountriesaremeasuringitseffectiveness.Withoutmeasurement,governmentsmisstheopportunitytoimprovecurriculumandensureitseffectiveness.

Numerousterroristgroupshavebeenoperatingacrossnationalborders,runningtrainingcamps,acquiringfinancialresources,operatingmediaoutletstodisseminatetheirpropagandaandglorifytheirviciousactsabroad.Thelackofjudicialcooperationandknowledgesharingbetweengovernmentsenablesperpetratorsofterroracts,mentorsandsupporterstoescapejustice,travelfreely,andrecruitpeoplefromaroundtheworld.

AsdelegatesoftheY20Summit,weurgegovernmentstoeffectivelyengageandempowercivilsocietytobeapartofthesolutionincombattingthespreadofradicalisationandterrorism.G20governmentsneedtobemoreefficientatcommunicatingwithcivilsociety.Weproposecreatingadigitalplatformthatenablesproductiveinteractionbetweengovernments,localcommunitiesandindividuals.Thisdigitalplatformwillbringcommunitiestogetherandempowerthemtotakeanactivepartincounteringradicalisationandterrorism.Thedigitalplatformwillbeintheformofanappandwebsitesthatwillincludethefollowing:

• GovernmentInformation:Awarenessonterrorism,informationofdifferentformsofterrorism,notificationsofterroristthreatsinthearea,safetymeasurespeoplecantakeintheaftermathofattacksorwhileexposedtothreat,waystoidentifypotentialterroristthreats,waystoreportpotentialradicalisation,andmore;

• CivicEngagement:Provideopportunitiestobringcommunitiestogether(forexamplebyprovidinginformationonlocalorganisationsthataimtopromoteunityincommunitiesandforpeopletogetinvolvedintheircommunities);


• Database:Pollsmeasuringtheeffectivenessofgovernmentresponsetoterroristthreats,sentimentsaroundacountry’ssafety,leveloftoleranceincommunities,andotherdatagovernmentsareinterestedincollectingfromcitizens;

• SecurityMeasures:Theuseofstrictidentificationandauthenticationmethodstoensurethesafetyandauthenticityoftheinformationprovidedbythedigitalplatformandthedatacollectedfrompublicusers;

• Incentives:Toincreaseusageandvisibilityofthedigitalplatforms,werecommendgovernmentsprovideincentives.Wesuggestincentivesbeintheformofpublicworkrecognition,advantagesinapplyingforgovernmentalprogramsandscholarships;and

• Consistency:Theframeworkoftheappshouldremainsimilaracrosscountriesandinformationshouldbelocalisedandmanagedbyrespectivestatesindividually.

Ultimately,webelievethisdigitalplatformwillenablegovernmentstoaccomplishthreemainobjectives:disseminateimportantinformationthatcaninformandempowerpeopletobeactiveparticipantsinthefightagainstterrorism;providegovernmentswithascaledandeffectivemethodofcollectingdatathatcanbeusedtocounterterrorismatthegloballevel;andprovidepeoplewithopportunitiestobuildstrongercommunitiesthatareinclusive,tolerant,andhaveasenseofglobalcitizenship.Thedigitalplatformcanonlyfulfilitsmandateifallmembercountriescooperatefully.


Anti-Corruption

TacklingaPersistentChallenge

Combattingcorruptionisapersistentchallengeworldwide.Corruptiondivertsresourcesthatcouldbechanneledintosocio-economicdevelopment.Recentestimatesshowthattheannualcostofbriberyalonestandsataround2percentofglobalGDP.25Pervasivecorruptioncontributestorisinginequality,polarisation,andillicitactivitieswhilealsounderminingthecredibilityofinstitutions.Thiscandiscouragethepoliticalparticipationofyouth,creatingaviciouscyclethaterodestrustingovernancemechanisms.

Therefore,wewelcometheG20'songoingdiscussionofthisissue,aswellastheinclusionofanti-corruptioncommitmentsunderGoal16ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Theseareimportanteffortsthatmustbesustained,implemented,andmonitored.Tostrengthenthiswork,webelievethattheG20canactinseveralmattersoutlinedbelow.

Civicengagement

Thelackofknowledgeonparticipationanddecision-makingmechanismscreatesinformationgapsandallowscorruptiontothrive.Improvingknowledgeofexistingmechanismsforpoliticalparticipationcanenhancecitizens’senseofdutytoholdpublicandprivatestakeholdersaccountable.Youth-targetedpoliciescanhelpbuildthiscivicengagementfromanearlyage.TheG20Anti-CorruptionActionPlan(ACAP)2017-2018doesnotaddresstheseissues.Therefore,weencourageG20membersto:

● Incorporateand/orstrengthenciviceducationelementsintonationaleducationplansbyusingavailabletechnologicaltoolsandinvolvingrelevantpartners;

● Createand/orstrengthenplatformsthatallowyouthtobecomefamiliarwithandparticipateinpoliticalandaccountabilityprocessesatalllevelsofgovernment.

25 Thisestimatefor2015isanextrapolationbyDanielKaufmannbasedonhisearlierestimateof$1.1trillioninKaufmann(2005),citedbyIMFStaffDiscussionNoteCorruption:CostsandMitigatingStrategies(2016).


Transparency

Webelievetransparencyisapillarofgoodgovernanceandafundamentalelementtocombatcorruption.Lackofaccesstoinformationongovernmentalandbusinesspracticespreventseffectiveaccountabilityprocesses.

TheG20ACAPhassetobjectivesrelatedtothistopic,butwebelievefurtherelementsshouldbeincorporatedtoincreasetransparency.Therefore,wesuggestG20members:

● Ensurethatinformationaboutgovernmentalpracticesatlocal,regional,andnationallevels,includingtransactionswiththeprivatesector,ispubliclyavailableonlineinstructureddatabases;

● Createpublic,country-by-countryonlinedatabaseswhichlistindividualsandentitiesinvolvedincorruptpractices.

Systematicmonitoring

TheG20hasagreedonaseriesofHighLevelPrinciplesrelatedtocorruption.IthasalsoestablishedanAnti-CorruptionWorkingGroup(ACWG)guidedbybiennialactionplans.TheACWGhasthemandatetoreviewtheimplementationoftheActionPlans.However,publicinformationonthissubjectisfragmentedbetweenthewebsitesofG20presidenciesandpartnerorganisations.ToensurethesystematicmonitoringofG20members’commitmentsinanti-corruption,wesuggest:

● AllinformationrelatedtocorruptionintheG20frameworkiscentralisedinaone-stop-shopportalthatincludes:

● OutcomesofallG20Summitsoncorruption;● ACWGreportsontheprogressofactionplans;● Reportsmadebypartners.

● ImplementationoftheACAPshouldbesubjecttopeer-review.● StatusonACAPcommitmentsbyG20membersshouldberegularlyupdatedintheportal,

notonlyduringthefinalisationofreports.


HealthandWellbeing

Werecognisehealthasafundamentalhumanrightforeveryone.Inparticularwestresstheneedforuniversalhealthcoverage(UHC)tofulfillthisright,andrecognisethefinancialbenefitsofinvestinginsustainablehealthsystemsandthehealthworkforce.Atthesametime,wealsoemphasizetheneedtoattendtothedeterminantsofhealthsuchaseconomics,governance,commercialfactors,andsocialprotection.A‘healthinallpolicies’approachisnecessaryforthis.Therefore,wewarmlywelcometheinclusionofahealthministermeetinginthisyear’sG20process,andhopethistraditionwillcontinue.Healthandwellbeingisaholisticissue,andwewouldliketohighlighttheimportanceofaddressingtheburdenofyouthincludingmentalhealth.Finally,youngpeopleareaffectedbyhealthissuesbothinthepresentandfuture,andshouldhaveavoiceinthebuildingofahealthyfuture.

Accesstohealthcareanduniversalhealthcoverage

Accesstohealthcareservicesiscrucial,anduniversalhealthcoverage(UHC)isnamedasoneofthegoalsforthe2030Agenda.Promotingaccesstohealthcareisafoundationofeconomicprosperityandsecurity.Nooneshouldbeleftbehind.Therefore,werecommend:

● Ensuringaccesstohealthcarethroughde-linkinghealthservicesfromsocio-economic(forexample,reducing‘out-of-pocket’payments)andlegalstatus(forexample,migratorystatus,employmentandhousing);

● RecognisesexualandreproductivehealthandrightsasanessentialcomponentofallUHCframeworks;and

● G20memberstoalignthemselveswiththerecommendationsoftheHigh-LevelCommissiononHealthEmploymentandEconomicGrowth,andinparticularimplementguidelinesforethicalrecruitmentofhealthworkerstoavoidaggravatinghealthcrisesinothercountries.

Healthandeconomy

Werecognisethateconomicstructures,tradeagreements,commercialinterestsandprivatesectorregulationshaveasignificanthealthimpactandweencouragetheG20totakefullmeasurestopromoteandprotecthealthinthiscontext.Therefore,wecallontheG20to:

● ImplementtherecommendationsoftheUNHigh-LevelPanelonAccesstoMedicinesandtheLancetYouthCommissiononEssentialMedicinesPolicies,andtoensurethatTRIPSflexibilitymechanismsareinplacetoprovideaccesstoessentialmedicines;

● Ensurethatinternationaltradeagreementsprioritize,promoteandprotecthealthandtheenvironmentovercommercialinterests,andensurethattradeagreementsinnowaylimittheabilityofgovernmentstoprotectpublichealthinterests,includinglimitationsbroughtonbyinvestor-statedisputesettlementsorotherinvestmentprotectionmechanisms;


● Takeactiononcommercialdeterminantsofhealththroughregulationsofharmfulandunhealthyproducts,incentivisehealthylifestylesandimplementtheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl;and

● Reaffirmtheessentialroleofgovernmentsinprovisionofhealthservicesandavoidrelianceonprivate-publicpartnershipstodeliversuchservices.

Globalhealthgovernance

Cross-borderpublichealthemergencieshavedemonstratedtheunpreparednessofhealthsystems.Wethereforeneedtoestablishresilienthealthcare,strengtheningglobalhealthgovernanceandaccountability.WethereforecallontheG20membersto:

● ReaffirmandstrengthentheroleoftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),throughensuringappropriatefinancingandsupportingtheproposed10percentincreaseinassessedcontributions;

● CommittogreaterinternationalcooperationamongstG20memberstoaddressoutbreaksandotherhealthemergencies,includingbuildingcapacityfortheimplementationoftheInternationalHealthRegulations;

● Implementaneffectivedonorstrategyforhealthsystemstrengtheningindevelopingcountriesbymovingawayfromanoverrelianceonverticalfundingmodelsanddirectingfundingtowardsbroad-basedinvestments,designedtostrengthenlocalinstitutionsandprovidecountrieswithsustainablecapacitytoimprovethelong-termhealthoftheirpopulation;

● EnsuregreateraccountabilitybyunifyingdifferentreportingmechanismsundertheWHO;

● IncreaseeffortsonOfficialDevelopmentAssistance(ODA)bycommittingto0.1percentofGNItoODAforhealth,asrecommendedbytheWHOCommissiononMacroeconomicsandHealth;and

● Recognisethecentralityofhealthtoachievingthe2030AgendabycommittingtoG20healthministermeetingsunderthepresidencyofArgentinaandbeyond.

Improvinglives

Over1billionpeoplelivewithadisabilityand/orchronichealthconditionandapproximately200millionofthemareyoung.Thesepeopleareoftenthesubjectofstigmaanddiscrimination.Abouthalfofalldisabilitiesworldwidecouldhavebeenpreventedbygoodaccesstosuitablehealthcareincludingearlyinterventionandpreventivemeasures.ThereforewerecommendthattheG20:

● Affirmthatpeoplewithdisabilitieshavetherighttoeducationandworkwithoutdiscriminationonthebasisofequalopportunities,inclusiveandaccessibleeducationsystemsandmeaningfulworkatalllevels.Promotetherealizationoftherighttoeducationandworkbyenshriningthisinlaw;


● Extendlegalprotectiontoaddressdiscriminationagainstpeoplewithdisabilitiesandthosewithchronichealthconditions;

● Ensurethathealthcareandotherwelfareservicesrelatedtothedisabledareadaptedtotheirageandneeds.Therighttocodeterminationintheirowndailylivesshouldplayamajorrole.

● Promotesocialpoliciesthatareconducivetomentalhealthandwellbeingandestablishprogrammesforearlyintervention.


ParticipantsoftheY20Dialogue

SamuelAkinsola,SelmanAksünger,NorahY.Alajaji,FahadA.Al-Thenayyan,JuliaAmerikaner,SandraMorrellAndrews,CarinaAutengruber,AnnaBarker,JerónimoBatistaBucher,JonasBausch,LoïcBisson,JasminBurgermeister,LauraCifuentesFranco,AliceClaeson,CorradoCok,JacksonDougan,LucyFagan,MelvinHade,DanielaHallLagunes,SophieHammer,AlexanderYaoGuangHan,WanlingHe,EmmeliHedvald,RupertSebastianHeindl,TienHoang,MariannaKarttunen,TeganKeizer,SeonkyungKim,BenjaminKingshott,GizemKorun,MariannaLandimBarboza,ClaraLatini,IvoLeijten,JasonLiddell,CamillaLyngen,SaketMani,ZakaDianaMawoko,EwanMcCall,TumeloMonare,PegahMoulana,AngelicaMunoz,AlenaNikolaeva,PatrickOchiba,SamuelOliveira,KristófPapp,CocoPeet,KelebogilePega,NicolPerez,StelaRubinová,AditiRungta,SherleyMegaSandiori,LenaSophieSimosek,SaileshSushilaSunilSinghal,StephanieSiow,AnaEstherSolanoMartìn,EkaterinaSorokova,CamiloSotoCrespo,YuriSzaboYamashita,RirikaTakahashi,PengruTan,TanguyVaast,ZuzanaVanecková,JohannesWagner,MasahiroWatanabe,AmélieWerdmüller,KellyWilliamson,HyunsuYoo,XueyingZhang.

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