Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount...
-
Upload
jasper-morrison -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount...
![Page 1: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bergey Excel Nomenclature
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• 1. Spinner• 2. Rotor• 3. Generator• 4. Frame• 5. Yaw Mount• 6. Slip Rings• 7. Tail Boom• 8. Nacelle Cover• 9. Yaw Crank
![Page 2: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GeneratorsDirect-Drive DC
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 3: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GeneratorsDirect-Drive Alternator (Small)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 4: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Small Wind Turbine Applications
• Off-the-Grid Power SystemsBoating
Cathodic Protection
Fence Charging
Wind Pumping
Remote Homesteads/Third World Villages
• On-the-Grid or InterconnectedResidential & Small Commercial
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 5: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Interconnection with Batteries & Inverter (SW)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 6: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Relative Size of Small Wind Turbines
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8Rotor Diameter (m)
6 m
7 m
5 m
4 m
3 m
2 m
1 m
Swept Area (m2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Rotor Diameter (m)
0
10
20
30
40
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 7: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Small Wind Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• Micro Wind Turbines~ 1 meter (2-4 feet) in Diameter
Marlec 910F
Air 300/400/X
![Page 8: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Small Wind Turbines
• Mini Wind Turbines1-3 meters (3-10 feet) in Diameter
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
LVM6F
Whisper H40
![Page 9: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Small Wind Turbines• Household-Size Wind Turbines
4-10 meters (12-35 feet) in Diameter & Larger
Transitional to Medium-Size Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Jacobs 17-20
Whisper 175
Bergey Excel
![Page 10: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Small Wind Turbine Fall Safety
• Minimal or No Work on Tower
• Fall-Arresting System
• Work Platform
• Lanyard Anchorages
• Training
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 11: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Small Wind Turbine Fall Safety
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Fall-Arresting System
Work Platform
Lanyard Anchorage
![Page 12: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Problems of Small Wind
• Poor Productivity~2/3 that of Medium-Size Turbines
• High Cost~5X More than Medium-Size Turbines
• Poor ReliabilityReports on awea-wind-home Newsgroup
• Small MarketLittle Money Makes Improvement
Problematic
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 13: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Problems of Small Wind• Towers Not Standardized
Affects Installation
• Installation Not Standardized
Affects Safety
• Service Not StandardizedNon Tilt-Down
Require On-Tower Work
Affects Safety and Reliability
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 14: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Problems of Small Wind
• Aggressive Marketing Pushes Sales, Not Customer Benefits
• Industry Sells TurbinesNot Wind Systems--Mix & Match Towers
• Unsophisticated MarketDoesn’t Demand Better Products
Susceptible to Hustlers & Charlatans
• Owners in the DarkDue to the Absence of Metering
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 15: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Problems of Small Wind
• AestheticMost Need a Good Industrial Designer
• Simply Too NoisyNoisy for Their Size
Closer to People
• But They Do Provide an Essential Service at Remote Sites!
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 16: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
New Rivals to Small Wind
• Used Commercial TurbinesThousands in California & Europe
EMS (SD) Rewinding to Single Phase
Now Used in Alberta, Iowa, South Dakota
• Downsizing of Commercial TurbinesEnercon E20
Fuhrländer, Henry Dupont
Lagerwey 18/80, Dutch Farmer’s Choice
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 17: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Small Wind Turbine Test Fields• Professional or Commercial
NREL, Colorado
AEI, Texas
Windward, Utah
Atlantic Wind Test Site, PEI, Canada
• Private UnfundedMick Sagrillo, Wisconsin
Mike Klemen, North Dakota
Wulf Test Field, California
Folkecenter, Denmark
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 18: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Wulf Test FieldTehachapi Pass
![Page 19: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Wulf Test FieldTurbines Tested
Air 303/403/X.1/X.2/X.3
BWC 850Marlec 910F
LVM 6F
Whisper H40
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 20: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Wulf Test FieldTests Performed
Power Curves
Power Loss
Noise Emissions
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 21: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 22: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 23: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Small Turbine Noise Measurements
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• Meters Costly• Somewhat Complex• Difficult for Amateurs
![Page 24: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
70
80
90
100
110
dB
A (
Leq)
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Wind Speed (mph)
BWC 850 BWC Unloaded Ampair 100 Air 403 AirX
Calculated Emission Source Strength Selected Small Wind Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 25: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
Calculated & Measured Noise EmissionsSource Sound Power Level at 8 m/s
1 10 100
Diameter (meters)
60
70
80
90
100
110
120Sound Power Level dBA
1980s 1990s
1999 Small
Micro H40
L=22 log D + 72
L=22 log D + 65
BWC 850
H40
AirX
Air303
![Page 26: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bergey Excel (7 m)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• PMG (Ferrite)• Direct-Drive• Furling• Rugged• Various Versions• Test Reports
Power Curve
Noise
![Page 27: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bergey Excel S (7 m)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 28: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bergey Excel S (7 m)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Standardized wind speed - m/s
So
un
d p
res
su
re le
ve
l - d
B(A
)Turbine operating - inverter on line
Turbine operating - inverter off line
Background noise
NREL
![Page 29: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Small Turbine Noise (NREL)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Standardized Wind Speed - m/s
So
un
d P
res
su
re L
ev
el -
dB
(A)
Air XAir 403ExcelNorthwind 100AOC 15/50XL.1
NREL
![Page 30: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Small Turbine Manufacturers
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• Bergey• Southwest
Windpower• Vergnet (FR)• Proven (GB)• AOC (?)
• Ampair (GB)• LVM(GB)• Marlec• Juan Bornay (ES)
![Page 31: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bergey Windpower
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 32: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Vergnet
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 33: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Southwest Windpower
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 34: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
LVM, Ampair, Marlec
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 35: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Proven
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 36: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ventus Germany
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 37: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
AirCon Germany
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 38: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
AirCon Germany
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 39: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Household-SizeWind
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
![Page 40: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Household-SizeWind
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
Energie PGE, Quebec
![Page 41: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Small Wind DIY Workshops
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 42: Bergey Excel Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1. Spinner 2. Rotor 3. Generator 4. Frame 5. Yaw Mount 6. Slip Rings 7. Tail Boom 8. Nacelle Cover 9. Yaw.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013101/56649da55503460f94a90bf7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Small Wind Turbines Must Become as Reliable and as Productive as Today’s Commercial Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.