Benoît ESCRIG -ENSEIRB-MATMECA/IRIT
Transcript of Benoît ESCRIG -ENSEIRB-MATMECA/IRIT
MOBILE SYSTEMS
Benoît ESCRIG - ENSEIRB-MATMECA/IRIT
Services in Mobile Systems
2
� Mobility
� Stationary users (0 km/h)
� Low mobility: pedestrians (5 km/h)
� High mobility: terminals in cars (50 km/h) and in trains (up to 250 km/h)
� Date rates
Phone: few kbit/s
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� Phone: few kbit/s
� Real time, low latency
� TV: few Mbit/s
� Real time, low latency when interactivity
� Data: few 10 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s
� Offline, high latency unless download or streaming
� Seamless connectivity over a wide coverage area
� Fair access to network resources
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
3
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
4
0G
Analog
FDD WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
FDD
FDM
0G
5
� A single access point (AP)
� Frequency Division Multiplex (FDM)
� Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
� Analog technology
� Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) in 1946
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) in 1946
� Improved MTS in 1964 (Bell System)
� VHF band, rolled out in the US and Canada
� Main limitations: interference, limited network
capacity (25 to 32 channels), obsolescence (from 1960
to 2005)
Pictures
Top: Motorola "Deluxe" line high band "Urban" radiotelephone (1948)
Source: http://www.wb6nvh.com/MTSfiles/Carphone1.htm
Bottom: IMTS mobile phone in a briefcase (1965)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service
Cellular paradigm (1947) and frequency re-use
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� Coverage area divided into cells
� Frequency band divided into sub-
bands
� Ex : 4 (1 sub-band for 1 cell)
� Re-use of carrier frequency when cells
are far apart from one another
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
are far apart from one another
� Consequence: huge increase in the
network capacity
� Interference/capacity trade-off
� Additional services: handover
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
7
1GWiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Cellular
Networks
1G
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� Cellular systems (frequency re-use)
� Handover and roaming
� FDD/FDM
� Analog voice transmission but digital signaling
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Country US Japan Germany
and Austria
Nordic
countries
France UK and Ireland
Year 1983 1979 1985 1981 1986 1983
System or standard
AMPS TZ-801 C-Netz(C450)
450 (NMT450)
Radiocom2000
TACS based on AMPS
AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System
NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephones
TACS: Total Access Communication System
1G - AMPS
� Developed by Bell Labs and rolled out in the US, Israel, and Australia
� Based on (I)MTS, superseded first by Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), and
then by GSM and CDMA2000
� First roll out: 1983 (end-of-life: 2008)
� Main weakness: cell phone cloning
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� Standard: IS-91 (Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone System)
� Main operators: Verizon Wireless, Bell Mobility, AT&T Mobility
� Main features: FDD, FDM, analog frequency modulation, 30 kHz-
bandwidth channels
GSM: Global System for Mobile communication
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
Picture
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_DynaTACMobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
From 1G to 2G
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� Data services, Digital systems
� From circuit-switched
networks to packet-switched
networks
� Three proposals:
1G upgrade: D-AMPS
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� 1G upgrade: D-AMPS
� FD/TDMA: GSM
� FD/CDMA: cdmaOne
GSM Source Coding
Time Division Multiplex
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
11
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
2G
Digital
standards
2G - GSM
� Digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex
voice telephony
� Superseded by GPRS/EDGE
� Rollout: 80% of the world's population, more than 5 billion
people, more than 212 countries and territories
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� Main features:
� FDD, FD/TDMA,
� Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK),
� 200 kHz-bandwidth channels,
� 9.6 kbit/s data rate,
� 5 different cell sizes (from macro to femto + umbrella cells),
� 2 watts handsets
� Viterbi equalizerPicture: Mobile Phones from 1G to 4G
Source: http://www.gsmworld.com/about-us/history.htm
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
History of the GSM family
1982 Groupe Spécial Mobile committee in CEPT
1987 for a common cellular telephone system across Europe
1989 transfer of the GSM committee to ETSI
1991 first phone call
1992 short messaging service (SMS)
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1992 short messaging service (SMS)
1993 first roll out in the UK and in Australia
2000 GPRS
2001 UMTS (W-CDMA)
2002 Multimedia messaging service (MMS)
2003 EDGE
2005 HSDPA
2007 HSUPA 0
500
1000
1500
2000
1995 1998 2001 2004 2005 2008
Number of GSM subscribers
Picture: GSM Logo
Source: http://www.gsmworld.com/Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
2G – cdmaOne
� Interim Standard 95 (IS-95): first CDMA-based digital cellular standard by Qualcomm
� Superseded by CDMA2000 1xRTT (IS-2000)
� DL: Every BS is synchronized with a GPS receiver
� Main features
� FDD, FD/CDMA,
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� FDD, FD/CDMA,
� QPSK (DL), OQPSK (UL)
� 1.25 MHz-bandwidth channels,
� 9.6 kbit/s (14.4 kbit/s in IS-95 A and 115 kbit/s in IS-95 B)
� 1,228,800 chips per second
� Walsh Hadamard channelization code (spreading factor 64)
� Pseudo-Noise (PN) scrambling code (spreading factor 215)
� RAKE Receiver
BS: Base StationMobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
2G – D-AMPS
� Digital AMPS, aka IS-54, United States Digital Cellular (USDC) and North
America DC (NADC)
� Mostly rolled out in the US and Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Russia
� Superseded by GSM/GPRS and CDMA2000 (end-of-life in 2008)
� IS-54 additional features compared to AMPS:
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� π/4 DQPSK
� FD/TDMA (3 time-slots on each channel)
� Source coding
� IS-136 additional features compared to IS-54:
� text messaging + improved source coding
� Main operators : AT&T, Rogers Wireless in Canada
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Picture: π/4 DQPSK trajectory
Source: http://cp.literature.agilent.com
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
16
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
2.5G
Increased
data rates
+
Data services
2.5G
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� Transition systems: updates of 2G systems
� From GSM
� GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
� EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
� Superseded by UMTS
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� Superseded by UMTS
� Packet switching stds
� Enhancements for the delivery of data services
� Increased data rates
� multimedia messaging service (MMS)
Picture
Source: http://www.kktcell.com/pages/1842.aspx
2.5G - GPRS
� 3GPP Release97 (1998)
� GPRS = GSM +
� MMS
� Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
� 3GPP Release98 (1999)
� First roll out: 2003
� EDGE = GSM/GPRS +
� 8PSK, 9 Modulation and coding
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GPRS EDGE
� Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
� Higher throughput, lower latency
� Channel encoding: 4 convolutional coding schemes
� Round-trip time (RTT): 600-700 ms
� Multislot classes:
� DL: first-come first-served packet scheduling
� UL: reservation ALOHA (R-ALOHA)
� 8PSK, 9 Modulation and coding scheme (MCS), Incremental Redundancy
� Up to 473.6 kbit/s for 8 timeslots
� Four times as much traffic as GPRS
� Evolved EDGE (Release 7 of the 3GPP std):
� Up to 1 Mbit/s and typical bit-rates of 400 kbit/s
� QAM, Turbo-codes
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Picture: GPRS PCMCIA card
Source: http://www.pixelinformatique.fr
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
19
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3G
Multimedia
+
CDMA
3G
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� Mostly CDMA-based 3G systems
� Additional services for 3G systems:
� Data rates: several Mbit/s - VoIP (Voice over IP)
� Real-time reception of data
� IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telephone) project of the ITU
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� IMT-2000 requirements: greater-than-2-Mbit/s DL data rate for
stationary communications
� 3GPP (3G Partnership Project)
CDMA+RAKE>TDMA+Viterbi Equalizer
3GPP 3GPP2
GSM cdmaOne
Universal Mobile
Telecommunications
System (UMTS)
CDMA2000 1xRTT
(Radio Transmission
Technology)
3GPP Logo
Ref: http://www.3gpp.org
3G - UMTS
� W-CDMA: wideband code division multiple access
� Improved by HSPDA since 2006 (3.5G)
� Peak data rate: 45 Mbit/s with HSPA+
� Support of several different frequencies
� 2002: first roll out in Japan (NTT DoCoMo)
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� 2002: first roll out in Japan (NTT DoCoMo)
UMTS Logo
Ref: http://www.umts-forum.org/Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
UTRA: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
UTRA-FDD UTRA-TDD
HCR
UTRA-TDD 1.28 Mcps Low Chip Rate
DS-CDMA (a pair of 5 MHz channels)
TD-CDMA (a pair of 5 MHz of channels)
TD-SCDMA: TDMA channel access method + adaptive synchronous CDMA component on 1.6 MHz slices of spectrum
3GPP Releases (from GSM to UMTS)
Release Year Feature
Phase 1 1992 GSM Features
Phase 2 1995 Phase 1 + Enhanced Full Rate Codec
Release 96 1997 Q1 Phase 2 + 14.4 kbit/s User Data Rate
Release 97 1998 Q1 Rel.96 + GPRS
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Release 97 1998 Q1 Rel.96 + GPRS
Release 98 1999 Q1 Rel. 97 + Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, EDGE
Release 99 2000 Q1 UMTS
Release 4 2001 Q2 Rel.99 + all-IP Core Network
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3G – CDMA2000
� CDMA2000: core of the 3GPP2 family
� Based on IS-95 (cdmaOne) and superseded by CDMA2000 EV-
DO (EVolution-Data Optimized) Rel. 0, Rev. A, and Rev. B
� Backward-compatible with cdmaOne
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� CDMA20001x (IS-2000): aka 1x and 1xRTT
� "1x“: 1 times RTT, same bandwidth as IS-95 (FDD 2 x 1.25 MHz)
� 2 x (IS-95 capacity) , i.e., 64 + 64 channels
� Packet data speeds of up to 153 kbit/s (typical 60–100 kbit/s)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
24
3.5G WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3.5G
All-IP
Network
+
MIMO
3.5G
25
� Enhanced versions of 3G standards that do not meet IMT 4G
requirements
� IMT-Advanced system
� comprehensive and secure all-IP based mobile broadband solution
� laptop computer wireless modems, smartphones
ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed
multimedia
3GPP 3GPP2
UMTS CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel.0
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. B
3.5G – CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
� IP based network
� DL link channel structure
� CDMA+TDMA, AMC (Digital Rate Control), IR Hybrid ARQ
� EV-DO Rev.A: Rel.0 + More DRC indices
� EV-DO Rev. B: multi-carrier evolution of Rev. A
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� EV-DO Rev. B: multi-carrier evolution of Rev. A
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
IR: IncrementalRedundancy
ARQ: Automatic Repeat reQuest
3.5G HSDPA
� High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA): 14 Mbit/s
� 3GPP Release 5 (2002)
� Based on UMTS, superseded by Evolved HSPA (aka HSPA+)
� Features: increased capacity (5 times in the DL)
� Shared-channel transmission (shared channel and multi-code transmission)
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Shared-channel transmission (shared channel and multi-code transmission)
� Shorter Transmission Time Interval (TTI) - reduced round-trip time and fast channel tracking
� Fast Link adaptation and Fast scheduling, which prioritizes users with the most favorable channel conditions
� Fast HARQ for increase capacity
� 16-QAM for higher bit-rates
� French roll out in 2006 (SFR 3G+)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3.5G HSUPA
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� High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA): 5.76 Mbit/s
� 3GPP Release 6 (2004)
� Based on UMTS/HSDPA, superseded by HSPA+
� Same features as in HSDPA: reduced latency, increased
capacity (2 in the UL)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
capacity (2 in the UL)
� First rolls out in 2007 (Singapore, Australia, Canada, France)
3.5G HSPA+
� Aka Evolved HSPA, HSPA Evolution
� 3GPP release 7 (2007)
� Data rates up to 42 Mbit/s in the DL and 11 Mbit/s in the UL (per 5 MHz carrier)
� Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies
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� Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies
� Higher order modulation (64-QAM)
� All-IP architecture
� First tests in 2008 (Australia, Hong Kong)
� First rolls out in 2009 (Australia, Japan, Canada, …) at 21 Mbit/s DL
� First 42 Mbit/s DL rolls out in 2010 (Australia, France…)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3.5G Dual-Cell HSDPA and HSUPA
� Aka Dual-Cell HSPA
� 3GPP Release 8 (2008)
� HSPA + carrier aggregation
� Alternative solution to support 28Mbit/s UL and 42 Mbit/s DL data rate
30
data rate
� Allocation of 2 HSPA carriers in parallel (by the MAC scheduler) and double the bandwidth from 5 MHz to 10 MHz
� First rolls out in 2010 in Canada
� Dual-Cell HSUPA (DC-HSUPA)
� 3GPP Release 9 (2009)
� DC approach for the UL and MIMO+DC combination
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3GPP Releases (from UMTS to LTE)
Release Year Feature
Release 99 2000 Q1 UMTS
Release 4 2001 Q2 Rel.99 + all-IP Core Network
Release 5 2002 Q1 Rel.4 + HSDPA
Release 6 2004 Q4 Rel.5 + Integrated operation with WLAN + HSUPA
31
Release 6 2004 Q4 Rel.5 + Integrated operation with WLAN + HSUPA
Release 7 2007 Q4 Rel.6 + (HSPA+) + EDGE Evolution + QoS
Release 8 2008 Q4 LTE (SAE) + Dual-Cell HSDPA
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Picture: Mobile phones from 1G to 4G
Source: http://www.linkedandloaded.com/
Requirements of the IMT-Advanced
32
� All-IP packet switched network
� Interoperability with existing wireless standards
� 100 Mbit/s for mobile users and 1 Gbit/s for stationary users
� Dynamic allocation of network resources
� Scalable channel bandwidth 5–20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� Scalable channel bandwidth 5–20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz
� Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the DL, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the UL
� System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the DL and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell in the UL for indoor usage
� Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks with smooth handovers
� Ability to offer high quality of service for multimedia support
Frequency selectivity of wireless channels
33
f
|C(f,τ)|
f
Low selectivityW
FDMA
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
f
f
Average selectivity
High selectivity
f
f
CDMA
OFDMA
Technologies for IMT-Advanced
34
� MIMO
� OFDM or single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization (SC-
FDE) in the DL
� OFDMA, Single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), or Linearly
precoded OFDMA (LP-OFDMA) in the uplink
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
precoded OFDMA (LP-OFDMA) in the uplink
� Turbo principle error-correcting codes
� Channel-dependent scheduling
� Link adaptation
� Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the
cooperative relaying concept
3.5G LTE
� Proposed by NTT DoCoMo (Japan)
� 3GPPP Release 8 (2008)
� Superseded by LTE Advanced
� Goal: increase the capacity and speed of previous wireless data networks
� Not compatible with 2G and 3G networks
35
� Not compatible with 2G and 3G networks
� First commercial services: Sweden and Norway in December 2009
� Main enhancement: OFDMA channel access
� 11/2008: Cancellation of the 4G candidacy, UMB (Ultra Mobile
Broadband) by Qualcomm (success of LTE)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Main features of E-UTRAN air interface, the air
interface of LTE
� All-IP flat network architecture (multi-cast and broadcast streams)
� Low latency communications (round-trip less than 10 ms)
� Peak DL rates nearing 300 Mbit/s with a 4x4 scheme using a 20 MHz BW channel (>100 Mbit/s) and upload rates of 75 Mbit/s (>50 Mbits/s)
Peak 75 Mbit/s for a SISO scheme with a 20 MHz BW channel
36
� Peak 75 Mbit/s for a SISO scheme with a 20 MHz BW channel
� Capacity exceeding 200 active users per cell
� Ability to manage fast-moving mobiles (up to 350 km/h)
� Scalable carrier bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
� FDD and TDD
� Co-existence with legacy standards
� Cell sizes from femto to macro cells
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Technologies
37
� Downlink OFDM 100 Mbits/s (20MHz spectrum)
� Uplink SC-FDMA 50 Mbits/s (20MHz spectrum)
� FDD
� End-user latency <10mS
� Transition time to active state < 100mS (for idle to active)
Flexible and Scalable Bandwidth – (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20MHz)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
� Flexible and Scalable Bandwidth – (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20MHz)
� Frequency spectrum choice and flexibility of deployment in GSM, CDMA, UMTS bands (global roaming)
� Mobility supported up to 500km/h
� Coverage (Cell sizes) 5 – 100km with slight degradation after 30km
� VoIP Roughly 3 times UMTS voice capacity
� MIMO
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel.0
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
38
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
4G
1 Gbit/s
+
OFDM
4G LTE Advanced
� 3GPP Release 10 (2011)
� Backward compatibility with LTE
� 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 36.913: Requirements for Further
Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced)
Continual improvement to the LTE radio technology and architecture
39
� Continual improvement to the LTE radio technology and architecture
� Scenarios and performance requirements for interworking with legacy
radio access technologies
� Backward compatibility with LTE
� Peak data rate 1 Gbit/s
� Faster switching between power states and improved performance at
the cell edge
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
LTE Advanced proposals
� Support for relay node base stations
� Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and reception
� UE Dual TX antenna solutions for SU-MIMO and diversity MIMO
� Scalable system bandwidth exceeding 20 MHz up to 100 MHz
� Carrier aggregation of contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum allocations
40
allocations
� Flexible spectrum usage, Cognitive Radio
� Automatic and autonomous network configuration and operation
� Enhanced precoding and forward error correction
� Interference management and suppression
� Asymmetric bandwidth assignment for FDD
� Hybrid OFDMA and SC-FDMA in uplink
� MIMO (8x8 MIMO + 128-QAM )
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
3GPP Releases (from LTE to … )
Release Year Feature
Release 8 2008 Q4 LTE and Dual-Cell HSDPA
Release 9 2009 Q4Rel.8 + WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability + Dual-Cell
HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA
Release 10 2011 Q1 LTE Advanced + Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers)
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Release 10 2011 Q1 LTE Advanced + Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers)
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
Source: http://www.digitalworldtokyo.com
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel.0
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
42
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
5G
?
Non-exhaustive list of 5G approaches
� Main improvements: no increase in the peak data rate but rather
� Lower battery consumption, lower outage probability
� High data rates in larger portions of the coverage area
� Traffic aggregation
� Pervasive networks and ubiquitous computing: ability to swap betweenstandards (IEEE 802.21: seamless handover between different standards for wireless networks)
43
for wireless networks)
� Cooperative communications with relays
� Cognitive radio (IEEE 802.22: Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) using white spaces in the TV frequency spectrum)
� Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), wireless mesh networks (WMNs)
� Femtocells
� Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) (IEEE 802.15.4a) Status: research papers
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
From 0G to 5G
0G 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 5G
IMTS AMPS D-AMPS
GSM GPRS, EDGE UMTS HSPA+, LTE LTE Adv.
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rel.0
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A
3GPP2 family
3GPP family
44
WiMAX WiMAX Adv.
1964 1983 1992 1998 2000 2002 2010 2020 ?
NA NA 9.6 kbit/s 0.2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Cellular Digital Data services
Multimedia All-IP networkAnd MIMO
Ultra Broad-Band Mobile
IEEE family
Mobile Systems - Benoît ESCRIG - 2011-2012
TO BE CONTINUED …