BENHUR PESCASIO
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Transcript of BENHUR PESCASIO
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THE DRAMA
Directed by: Mr. Benhur M. Pescasio
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What is Drama?
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Drama
Plays on your
emotions.
Asks you to believeand be involved in
it.
Makes you feel for
the hero and the
heroine.
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Some bit of history Started in 6th Cent BC (600-
500 BC) Greece.
Drama - comes from the Greek
word meaning action or todo.
First actor was Thespis; thus,the term thespian (theater
actor/actress). Wore big masks so their facial
expression could be seen fromafar. (The amphitheater is
big.)
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The Masks
The smilng facerefers to Thalia, theMuse of Comedy.
The sad face refersto Melpomene, theMuse of Tragedy.
Greek writers usemuses to inspirethem to write theirplays.
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Development of Drama
Western Drama: Began in Greece (600 BC) Greek tragedies
Roman liturgical plays
Miracle plays
Passion plays
Italian Renaissance Operas (1500) Music plays an important role
English Renaissance: Elizabethan Theater(1500) Queen Elizabeth promoted drama.
William Shakespeare wrote and staged his plays.
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Forms of Western Drama
1. Tragedy - a death of a hero or a simpledownfall of the hero.
2. Comedy - Alls well and ends well.
a) No particular hero.b) Ends happily ever after; ends with a festivity
(e.g. dancing, eating).
c) Themes: ridicules social norms; basically,
comedy tends to be irreverent3. Offshoots of tragedy:
a) Melodrama - fight between good and evil
b) Suspense - begins with someones death
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Development of Drama
Eastern Drama
Chinese Peking Opera (spectacle and costume)
Very prestigious. Actors are regarded highly.
Mostly female leads and female actors
Japanese
Kabuki - for ordinary
people, a lot of make-up
Noh - more formal in
nature; more elite; use
of masks.
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Eastern Drama
Malay Shadow Plays: Wayang Kulit
Wayang means shadow; kulit means leather
with which the puppets are made from.
Life should not be depicted by human beings. Theater only shadows life unless you see it as
reality.
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Elements of a Drama
1. Characters - draws the story by actingit out.
2. Dialogue - plot develops throughinteraction of characters.
3. Theme - usually about heroes,
heroines/gods and goddesses.4. Setting - helps explain the story tosituate the audience.
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Philippine Drama
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Before the Spanish period, the early forms of
the Philippine drama were the duplo and thekaragatan.
Duplo was a poetical debateheld by trained men and
women in the ninth night, thelast night of the mourning
period for the dead.
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Bellacos male participants,they are the heads of the
games.
Karagatan was also a poeticaldebate like the duplo, but itsparticipants were amateurs.
>> Both were held in the homes.>>Theme:was all about a ring
that fell into the sea.
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Three kinds of plays
Cenakulo It was a very heavy
drama shown in relation to thelife sacrifices and death of JesusChrist. It is like a passion play
presented and celebrated during
the month of March or Aprildepending the exact date of the
Holy week
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Two kinds of presentations
The Ablada (oral)
Kantada (song)
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Moro-moro It is a cloak and dagger
play depicting the was between theChristians and the Muslims with the
Christians always on the winning side.
Fr. Jeronimo Perez wrote the firstmoro-moro and was staged in Manila in
1637, to commemorate Governor
General Consueras victory over theMuslims of Mindanao.
>> it becomes the favorite play of the
people, especially during the town
fiestas.
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Zarzuela it is a melodramawith songs and dances thathave a three in one act play. Itis intended to make the mass
feeling towards love, fear,grief, sorrow or any emotionalreactions sublime.
>it sometimes shows thepolitical and social conditionsof our country.
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>the musical part of the zarzuela
has given much opportunity forcreativity and appreciation of theaudience until the revolt in Cavitein the year 1872.
>it is played by 20-25 professionalzarzuela artists (actors, actresses
and extras)
>the Zarzuela is a musical comedy
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Popular Zarzuelas among masses:
Pagibig sa Lupang Tinubuan ( Love forNative Land) by Pascual Poblete
Tanikalang Ginto (Gold Chain) by JuanAbad
Malaya (Free) by Tomas Remigio Kahapon, Ngayon at at Bukas
(Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) byAurelio Tolentino
Walang Sugat (Not wounded) bySeverino Reyes
Poblete and Tolentino: two of themost nationalistic zarzuela writerswere put in jail.
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Street Dramas
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Mariones Mask Festival
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Ati-atihan
Ati-atihan is a pagan ritual, which hasbecome an annual affair that the
natives look forward to with greatexpectation.It is the most extravagant fiesta in the
Philippines celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan every
3rd Sunday of January in honor of the InfantJesus.
Ati-atihan derived its name fromAtis, the
aboriginal Negritos of the area in the
Visayas.
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The Modern Philippine
Drama
The modern Philippine drama/stage
play was rejuvenated upon the
establishment of the Repertory
Philippines in June of 1967 whichwas founded by Zeneida Bibot
Amadorand Baby Barredo.
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Repertory PhilippinesIn its 30years of existence it has
become the countrys leading theatercompany, keeping abreast of new
materials and demanding outstanding
performance from its extraordinarytalents.
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Japanese Drama
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The drama is a favorite form of
amusement. the popular plays are
generally about history and tradition,
or they deal with the lives and
adventures of gods and heroes. thescene is always laid in Japan. The plays
are very long. The performances begins
in the morning and can last all day.The spectators bring their food with
them.
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The Chinese
Drama
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Modern Chinese Drama,
or Huaju(spoken play), started todevelop in the early part of this
century in Shanghai. Different from
traditional Chinese opera, it soon won
fans for its realistic portrayals of the
lives of common folks and for its wide
rang of works by such Western
playwrights as Shakespeare, Moliereand Chekhov.
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Since then, a number of Chinese
playwrights have created works thatrealistically reflect the changes in the
lives of Chinese before and after the
founding of New China. The mostmemorable include " Teahouse, " "The
Peking Man, " " The Thunderstorm, " "
The Family," "The Prairie" and "The
Death of a Famous Opera Performer."
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Younger playwrights have tried todevelop a more modern style,
exploring the inner psyche of
personalities with more modernistworks and incorporating more modern
theatrical techniques.
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The Story of the Magic Lute (14th century)
The Sorrows of Han
The Injustice Suffered (by Tou F by Kuan Han-
ch'ing)
The Western Chamber (by Wang Shi-fu) The Peony Pavilion (by T'ang Hsien-tsu ,16th
cent.)
The Palace of Long Life (by Hung Sheng, 17th
cent.). The Little Orphan of the House of Tchao.
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Cinema
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Cinema, or motion picture, is
the art of moving images; a
visual medium that tells stories
and exposes reality.
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Created in the dusk of the 19th
century, cinema is the worlds
most recent art form. It is also,by far, the worlds most
complex, collaborative, and
costly artistic expression.
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Philippine Motion
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Elements o f Ph i lipp ine
mot ion pic tures
1. music and musical director
2. make-up, coiffeur, and costumes3. acting and the stars
4. color in the movies
5. set and art directors6. sounds, cameras, and technician
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