Technology Applicability Framework (TAF) –a tool for assessing applicability and scalability of WASH Technologies for providing

sustainable service delivery

Benedict Tuffuor – TRENDRegional LA, Ho – 24th July, 2013

What is the TAF Rationale for the TAF Concept of the TAF Methodology to apply the TAF Rationale for the GTIP Concept of the GTIP Outlook

Table of Contents

July 2013

Technology Applicability Framework (TAF) The TAF is a decision support tool for assessing and

monitoring applicability and scalability of a specific WASH technology for provision of sustainable services in a specific context

Target users of the TAF include government (national, local), private sector, NGO, academia, development partners

The TAF is based on a stepwise and transparent process that provides concrete information to design mitigation measures for improving performance of the technology used and of the introduction process

It is an participatory, facilitating and easy to use tool that triggers sharing of lessons learned between all actors including local and national level

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Rationale: Technologies as basis for sustainable WASH service delivery

Usage Context- Need- Market- Policies- Capacities- Economy…

Context factors on Supply side

WASH Technology- Functions- Features- Requirements

Sustainable WASH Services

Physical Context

- Conditions- Applicability

Context factors on Demand side

Introduction process- Implementation- Supply Chain- Operation & Maintenance- Life Cycle Costs- Capacities- Follow up……

Monitoring

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Requirements for the tool “TAF”: Easy to use for all target users of TAF, applicable in different contexts, supporting inclusiveness, fostering accountability by involving all relevant actors during interpretation of results, linking to concrete actions

Strategic areasfor the design of the TAF

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Technology Introduction Process

Sustainable WASH Services

Governance and accountability

User needs, efficiency and user friendliness

Innovation in WASH Sector

Context

Technology

SCREENING

Need and

Applicability

Technical FunctionCharacteristicsPerformance

ASSESSMENT of technology applicabilityusing 18 indicators

Perspective of key actors

Use

r-B

uyer

Oth

er In

stitu

tions

Dim

ensi

ons

Soc

Econ

Env

Inst

Know

Tech

TAFTechnology Applicability Framework

Pro

duce

r-P

rovi

der

Cost model

Dimensions:Soc = Social Econ = Economical and Financial Env = EnvironmentalInst = Institutional, legal,

organisationalKnow = Knowhow and skills Tech = Technological

Technology Applicability Framework (TAF): the concept

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Technology Introduction Process defines tasks for actors involved in each phase of introduction process

TIP

- Generic concept- For water, sanitation and hygiene technologies- Applicable for different cost models, e.g. market-based approach

Uptake + O&MTIPPING POINT

INVENTIONHigh

Technology

Time

SuccessfulTechnologyIntroduction

UPTAKE & USE

Uptake [number of unitsinstalled providing services]

Actors

Inve

ntio

n

Tipp

ing

Poin

t

Upt

ake

+ U

se

Specific tasks per actor and phase

Technology Introduction Process

Actors Actors

Technology Introduction Process (TIP): the concept

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Low

Sustainability dimensions in TAF

Economic

Social

Environmental

OrganisationalInstitutional

Legal

Skills andKnowhow

Technological

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TAF components

TAF uses multiple entry points to address critical factors concerning applicability and scalability of the technology and of sustainability of services provided by a specific WASH technology

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Sustainability Dimensions- Social - Economic- Environmental- Organisational, legal, institutional- Skills and Knowhow- Technological

Use

r, B

uyer

Pro

duce

r, P

rovi

der

Reg

ulat

or,

Inve

stor

, Fa

cilit

ator

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17 18

Perspectives of Key Actors in Introduction Process

= 18 TAF Indicators

The TAF Process

• TAF follows stepwise procedure in 4 steps

• TAF process is based on desk work, field visits & workshops

• All actors are involved in field visits, workshops and interpretation!

• TAF process supports sharing of experiences, accountability and governance.

• Structured TAF process is easy to use, involvement of all actors fosters transparency and inclusiveness.

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Interpretation of possible TAF results

Interpretation per dimension

per particular perspective

As entire profile

Sust

aina

bilit

y D

imen

sion

s

Technology

Skills &Know-how

Institutional & Legal

Environ-mental

Economic

Social(4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9)

(10) (11) (12)

(13) (14) (15)

(16) (17) (18)

(1) (2) (3)

? ?

?

?

User/Buyer

Producers/Providers

Regulators/ Investors/Facilitators

+ +

+

+

+

+

0

0 0

0

-

-

-

-

Key perspectives

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+

0

-

High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics

Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up

Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics

? Unclear information, should be clarified?

+

0

-

or for specific topics such as O&M

What can the TAF be used for?- Assessing applicability and scalability of a specific WASH technology in a specific context

- monitoring and evaluate of the performance of an existing WASH technology and of the introduction process

- to define concrete mitigation measures to increase technology performance but also of the introduction process

- Building up basis for comparison of different WASH technologies for a specific need and region

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Rationale for GTIP

Technology introduction processes are very complex in terms of roles of actors, timing of activities, mobilisation of funding.

In many countries there are procedures, but mostly are informal and often not well documented.

Understanding on process and on requirements concerning successful technology introduction in the sector needs to be strengthened.

There is clear need for a guidance on technology introduction to support actors in WASH sector.

Objectives for GTIP Guidance for Technology Introduction Process: GTIP should be

a guidance document, providing generic information that can be adapted by countries according to their needs, however it is is not like a rule to be strictly followed.

The GTIP should improve understanding of complex interactions between actors in various phases of technology introduction.

GTIP provides a systematic description of key elements, tasks, interlinkages between actors and steps for technology introduction.

The GTIP can be used as a tool to adapt or further develop country specific guideline for technology introduction or for analysis and planning of a specific Technology Introduction Process for a specific technology.

GTIP is based on good practice, however there is no silver bullet solution for technology introduction!

Expected results from applying the GTIP

Improved understanding in sector on technology introduction In case here are already some procedures in place:

Improved general procedures Support in an introduction process for a specific

technology In case there are no procedures in place:

1st draft procedures for technology introduction Defined roles and requirements and procedures as basis for

sector including private sector to engage more in WASH technology introduction

Concept of key phases in GTP TIP process is described in 3 key

phases: Invention (as there is something

new in the context) Tipping Point (in terms of scaling

up much is on steep uptake) Uptake and Use (here focus is

more on experiences on O&M)

Uptake + O&MTIPPING POINT

INVENTION

Technology

Time

SuccessfulTechnologyIntroduction

UPTAKE & USE

Uptake [number of unitsinstalled providing services]

The invention is crucial for the uptake process. To capture important aspects such as feasibility, the invention phase is subdivided into two sup-stages:

Testing (of a totally new technology, or rather adaptation of a known technology to the context; here it is about piloting, feasibility assessment)

Launch (preparation of the launch, including production, supply chain, promotion, quality control, after sales services)

Impact on poverty alleviation

Sales curve

Supply chain

Profits and losses

Invention

Testing Launch

Tipping Point Uptake & Use

Impact on market and services-sales-profits-supply chain-sustainable services-poverty alleviation

«Valley of death»

+

-

Time, progress of process

Investments

Key phases of technology introduction

Weeks to months Months to years Several years

Different time span for 3

phases

«Valley of death» due to gap between expenditure for introduction and lack of

revenues

Concept of the GTIP

The GTIP provides a break down of tasks per phase and actors in a generic way to answer the core question:Who does what in each phase to support successful technology introduction?

Uptake + O&MTIPPING POINT

INVENTIONHigh

Technology

Time

SuccessfulTechnologyIntroduction

UPTAKE & USE

Uptake [number of unitsinstalled providing services]

Actors

Inve

ntio

n

Tipp

ing

Poin

t

Upt

ake

+ U

se

Specific tasks per actor and phase

Technology Introduction Process

Actors Actors

LevelPhase

Phase 1A: Initial Steps and Testing

Phase 1B: Preparing Launch

Phase 2: Tipping Point

Phase 3: Uptake & Use

Level A: Strategic Focus“Why this technology?”, What is the need?”, “Which is the market?”

Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks-xyz….

Tasks..

Level B: Supply Chain “How and where will this technology be delivered to the clients?”

Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks..

Level C: Technology Development“How does the technology look like exactly?”, “What are the product and services to be provided?”

Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks..

Level D: Innovation in the sector “How will the sector support uptake of this technology?”

Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks..

Level E: Introduction Process“ Who takes the lead in this introduction process?”

Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks..

How to read the draft generic TIP Matrix?

Selected Phase

Selected level

An Example: What kind of tasks are needed e.g in the phase 2 on e.g. the strategic level?

In this field the tasks are listed for phase 2 and

for that level

Embedding of GTIP

As for the TAF, also the GTIP needs a host that leads and follows up the application of the GTIP.

For the development of procedures or technology specific applications of the procedures a team (core group) should be established; Depending on type of technology the composition of the core team to follow up introduction might change (e.g. water supply, sanitation, health, agriculture); membership should including representatives from national Bureau of Standards

Application of GTIP should follow a stepwise approach using workshops

GTIP should be embedded in existing institutional and organisational structures

Link between GTIP and TAF

The TAF should be applied as an initial step of the TIP if there are no information on applicability of the technology in a context – or later for monitoring purposes.

In the Generic TIP Matrix there are clear links on how to included the results of the TAF in the design and follow up of the introduction process (bold figures in generic matrix in Annex 2 of Manual).

Outlook

• TAF was tested in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda on 13 different WASH technologies

• In all three countries government institutions were appointed as hosts for the TAF

• TAF is now used to monitor emerging technologies• TAF and TIP will be used to develop/adapt guidelines

for validation and introduction in all three countries • TAF and TIP: available as open source by end 2013• End of 2013: web-based Resource Base available,

that allows accessing all relevant documents on TAF&TIP, exchanging and some Q/A – for free!

July 2013

Some Questions for Reflection

Do you really appreciate the relevance of the TAF and GTIP in the Ghanaian WASH sector?

How do the TAF and the GTIP fit your context. Will they in any way help improve WASH delivery in the region?

What role do you see yourself playing in the application of the TAF and GTIP?

How do you propose we fund the application of the GTIP.

Where to get further information?

For Information on WASHTech,washtechafrica.wordpress.comor email to: WASHTech@irc.nl

www.washghana.net

For details on TAF&TIP in Ghana: btuffuor@gmail.com

c/o TREND

July 2013

Thank you!

July 2013