Benchmark Reviewer Created by R.E. Angat Parkland High School 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat1.

created by: R.E. Angat 1

Benchmark Reviewer

Created by R.E. AngatParkland High School9/25/2014


The Universe-biggestgalaxies

solar System

planetsdwarf planets

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Earth’s tides is mainly because of the moon’s gravitational pull.

http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/media/earths-tides/?ar_a=1

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Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night.

http://ciudaddecordoba3scienceblog.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-earth-rotates.html

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Earth’s tilt on its axis causes seasons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator9/25/2014


Perihelion (near), winter in the Northern hemisphere

http://nhlife.wordpress.com/2013/01/01/earth-at-its-closest-to-the-sun-for-all-of-2013-at-midnight-eastern-on-january-2-2013-how-cool-is-that/

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Aphelion (far), summer in the Northern hemisphere

http://nhlife.wordpress.com/2013/01/01/earth-at-its-closest-to-the-sun-for-all-of-2013-at-midnight-eastern-on-january-2-2013-how-cool-is-that/

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Kepler’s 3rd Law compares the orbital velocities of planets. Planets near the Sun revolve faster while planets farther from the Sun revolves slower.

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The diagram below demonstrates Kepler’s _____ Law.

a.1st

b.2nd

c.3rd

d.4th

2nd

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The diagram below demonstrates Kepler’s _____ Law.

a.1st

b.2nd

c.3rd

d.4th

1st

Elliptical orbit9/25/2014


Kepler’s Second Law

http://astronomy.osu.edu/9/25/2014


What is Kepler’s 1st Law?

Planets have elliptical or oval orbits.

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Earth rotates from west to east

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http://breakfornews.com/treecn/images/


Imbalance on the distribution of lands.

Earth's daily rotation at about 1,000 mph. This produces flattening at the poles and bulging at the equator.

bulging bulging

flattening

flattening9/25/2014



Comparing Rotation and Precession

ROTATION PRECESSION

Spinning

Earth spins.

Earth’s axis spins.

Day and night.

Changes our North star.

24 hours 26,000 years

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The barycenter of the Earth and moon is approximately found ___________ below the surface of Earth.

a. 1,710 mi.b. 1,710 km.

1,710 km.

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The barycenter is always nearer to the more massive object.

The barycenter of the Earth and moon is approximately found 1710 mi. inside Earth.

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What is Precession?

Earth’s axisrotation

Earth

precession nutation

Remember: Earth’s axis is only an imaginary line.

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What is the orbital tilt of Earth?

Earth’s orbital tilt is 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the seasons on Earth.

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What are the two factors that causes the precession of Earth?

1. Earth’s shape is oblate spheroid.

The spinning motion of Earth causes it to bulge at the equator.

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Uneven gravitational pull

Precession happens because moon’s orbit is tilted from the Earth’s elliptical plane9/25/2014


Earth bulges at the equator.

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What is our current North star?

Earth’s current northern star is Polaris. Thousands of years from now it would be Deneb.

Earth’s axis

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What is our current North star?

Precession changes our northern star.

Earth’s axis

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Nuclear fusion powers the Sun.

http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=kids&utilityid=novec&id=161829/25/2014


•The Sun powers photosynthesis.•The Sun makes our planet warm.

Give two reasons why the Sun is so important.

heat

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2. Give two reasons why we need plants.

Lessens greenhouse gases or CO2.

•We need plants to have food oxygen.•We need plants to prevent global warming.

food

O2

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summer

winter

Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun.

Northern hemisphere is tilted away from Sun.

What causes the seasons on Earth?

Earth’s tilt and its revolution around the Sun produce seasons.9/25/2014


Seasons and distance from the Sun

http://dolio.lh.net/~apw/astro/sun.html

Winter-USASummer-USA

Summer-Australia

Winter-Australia

Far

Near

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The Sun and all the planets revolve around

the barycenter.

http://ww.earthmatrix.com/index.html9/25/2014


Igneous rock

uplift

Weathering and erosion

Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rock

sedimentsDeposition, burial, lithification

Heat and pressure

Melted into Magma

Cooling and crystallization

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Igneous rock

uplift

Weathering and erosion

Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rock

sedimentsDeposition, burial, lithification

Heat and pressure

Melted intoMagma

Cooling and crystallization

Heat and pressure

uplift

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Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following:

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Crystallization of magma forms __________.

Rock Cycle

Igneous9/25/2014




Burial and compaction form ____________.

Rock Cycle

Sedimentary9/25/2014


Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following: Igneous,

sedimentary, metamorphic

Heat and pressure form _______________.

Rock Cycle

Metamorphic9/25/2014




Deposition of sediment forms ___________.

Rock Cycle

Sedimentary9/25/2014




Melting and cooling form ______________.

Rock Cycle

Igneous9/25/2014


9. How are rocks recycled?

Rocks are recycled when they are broken by weathering and/or melted by magma when they are buried deep underground. Depending on the process that happens next, a new rock is formed.

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Rocks are classified on how they were formed and what type of minerals is present in them.

1. Igneous – melting and cooling.

2. Sedimentary- sedimentation, compaction,cementation, lithification.

3. Metamorphic – heat and pressure

10. How are rocks classified?

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Plate Boundaries

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Convergent Boundary

Mountains and volcanoes form.9/25/2014


Strike-slip or Transform Boundary

Earthquakes9/25/2014


Transform Boundary

Earthquakes9/25/2014


Divergent Boundary

Rift valley, mid-ocean ridge9/25/2014


The Ring of Fire

Frequent Earthquakes9/25/2014


The Ring of Fire

A lot of Earthquakes9/25/2014

Benchmark Reviewer Created by R.E. Angat Parkland High School 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat1.

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Transcript of Benchmark Reviewer Created by R.E. Angat Parkland High School 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat1.