Benchmark ReviewFoundations, Diagnostics2 March 2013

Foundations Overview

Recognizing Syndromes Etiology

Origin or cause of a disease Pathology

What is wrong, out of balance Disease mechanisms

What happens as a result of the etiology

Disease vs. Differentiation Disease

The chief complaint – headache, coughing and sneezing, back pain, etc.

Differentiation The TCM thing causing the disease

Example: client comes in with a headache across the forehead which you determine comes from wind heat affecting the Yangming channel.

The headache is the disease. Wind-heat affecting the Yangming channel is the differentiation.

Five Element Theory

Know the Five Element diagram thoroughly! Understand the application of the

generating/control sequence. Know the normal sequences and the pathological sequences.

Understand the application of Five Element Theory in: Physiology Pathology Diagnosis Treatment

What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Classes 4-5See the highlighted parts

Five Element TheoryWu Xin - Nature

Season Climate Direction

Color Taste Smell

Wood Spring Wind East Green Sour RancidFire Summer Heat South Red Bitter BurnedEarth Last

SummerDamp Middle Yellow Sweet Sweetish

Metal Autumn Dryness West White Pungent RankWater Winter Cold North Black Salty Putrid

Five Element TheoryWu Xin – Body

Zang/yin

Fu/yang

Sense Organ

Body Tissue

Emotion Sound

Wood LV GB Eye Sinews Anger ShoutingFire HT* SI* Tongue Vessels Joy LaughingEarth SP ST Mouth Muscles Worry SingingMetal LU LI Nose Skin Grief CryingWater KI BL Ear Bone Fear Groaning

* PC and SJ are also associated with fire, but not on this chart.

Normal: Generating Controlling

Pathological: Overacting

Mother to child but very domineering Insulting

Child to mother – like a mouthy kid Over-controlling / Over-checking

Right direction, but too much control Counter-checking

Wrong direction of control

Yin Yang Theory

What to know Origins of the theory Yin yang correspondences Concepts of yin and yang Four aspects of yin/yang theory Yin/yang channel distribution How to apply yin/yang theory

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Classes 2-3See the highlighted parts

Yin and Yang correspondencesColor Temp Time Seaso

n*

Dir 1*

Dir 2*

Gender

Moves Other

Yang Bright,Red

Warm Day Spring,Summer

South,East

Left Male Up Dynamic

Yin Dark,Black

Cold Night Fall,Winter

North,West

Right Female Down Static

*only above the equator!

Concepts of Yin Yang Tworelated things/phenomenon that

have opposite, but complimentary qualities

Two related aspects of one thing Yin and yang are relative, not absolute

and can be changed.

Four aspects of Yin and Yang1. Yin and Yang opposition and balance2. Interdependence3. Mutual consumption4. Intertransformation

Yin yang channel distributionHand/foot

Where it goes

3 Hand Yin • Chest to hand• Medial/palmar aspect• Upper extremities

3 Hand Yang

• Hand to head and face• Lateral/dorsal aspect• Upper extremities

3 Foot Yang

• Face/head to foot• Lateral/outside aspect• Lower extremities

3 Foot Yin • Foot to abdomen/chest• Medial aspect• Lower extremities

Hand yang meets foot yang at the head and faceHand and foot yins meet at the chest

Hand Taiyin

Hand Yangming

Foot Yangming

Foot Taiyin

Lung Large Intestine Stomach Spleen

Hand Shaoyin

Hand Taiyang

Foot Taiyang

Foot Shaoyin

Heart Small Intestine Bladder Kidney

Hand Jueyin

Hand Shaoyang

Foot Shaoyang

Foot Jueyin

Pericardium San Jiao/Triple Burner

Gallbladder Liver

Yin Yang flow through channels

Yin Yang theory in pathology Excess – too much of something

Yang Excess Know causes, what the Yang pathogens are,

mechanism, and symptoms Excessive heat symptoms

Yin Excess Know causes, what the Yang pathogens are,

mechanism, and symptoms Excessive cold symptoms…cannot be

relieved by warming

Deficiencies – too little of something Yang Deficiency

Know etiology, mechanism, symptoms “Deficient cold” which can be alleviated by

warming Yin Deficiency

Know etiology, mechanism, symptoms “Deficient heat”

“Relatively too much”

General Meridian and Collateral stuffClass 6, Foundations 2….

Forgot to highlight, but know the gist of this.

Zang Fu Theory

Basic Zang Fu Theory Concept of the theory, the categories,

functions of yin and yang organs

Specific stuff General intro for each organ, physiological

functions, the officials, associated tissues and their interrelationships

What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 1 Class 6 (basic info) Classes 7-11 (specific zangfu info)

Organs, functions Officials, tissues Interrelationships

See the highlighted parts

Heart/Small Intestine

Most important organ in the body Official: Ruler, emperor, monarch Physiological functions

Governs blood Controls blood vessels Manifests in complexion Houses the shen Related to/controls Joy Opens to tongue Controls sweating Controls dreaming Loathes heat Controls speech

Heart - What to know

Functions Control receiving and transporting of

digested food Separates fluids – pure from turbid

Relationship to the Heart

Small Intestine - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Class 7See the highlighted parts

Liver/Gallbladder

General Most import organ for women Location is middle jiao

Functions Blood

Stores blood, regulates blood in relation to rest and activity

Regulates menstruation Moistens/nourishes eyes and sinews In charge of biorhythms

Liver - What to know

Functions (cont’d) Qi – ensures smooth flow

Governs flow Affects emotional state Affects digestion Affects secretion of bile

Liver - What to know (con’t)

Functions Stores/secretes bile Controls decisiveness Controls sinews

Relationship to the Liver

Gallbladder - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Class 8See the highlighted parts

Lung/Large Intestine

Functions Governs Qi and respiration

Respiration Qi – transformation and transportation

Controls channels and blood vessels Governs dispersing/descending Regulates water passage – upper source

of water in the body Opens to the nose Controls skin and hair Houses the Po (corporeal soul)

Lung - What to know

Functions Receive digested food from Sp/St Reabsorb body fluids and send them to

the Spleen Move the bowels (descending qi again)

and get rid of the stool. Relationship to the Lung

Descending fnx of Lu qi helps bowels move

LI reabsorbs fluids to moisten the Lu

Large Intestine - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Class 9See the highlighted parts

Spleen/Stomach

Located in MJ Functions

Governs transformation/transportation Controls ascending of Qi Raise clear Yang upwards Controls blood Controls muscles/4 limbs Houses intellect and thoughts Root of post-heaven Qi Origin of birth/development Dislikes cold/aversion to damp

Spleen - What to know

Functions Controls receiving of food Rots/ripens food Controls transportation of food essence to

Sp Controls descent of Qi Likes wet/cold

Relationship of Spleen to Stomach

Stomach - What to know

Functions Controls receiving of food Rots/ripens food Controls transportation of food essence to

Sp Controls descent of Qi Likes wet/cold

Relationship of Spleen to Stomach See page 4 of class 10 notes

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Class 10See the highlighted parts

Kidney/Bladder

General Located in lower ab, both sides of spine Know the landmarks along the Kidney

channel (pg 1 of class notes) Kidney qi ascends and channel connects

with spine

Kidney - What to know

Functions Stores essence Governs birth, growth, reproduction, development Produces marrow, fills the brain, governs bones Governs water, including open/close of Bladder Controls reception of Qi Opens to ears Manifests on the hair Opens to 2 lower orifices Houses willpower Dreams about water Gate of vitality – Mingmen

Kidneys have no excess!!!

Kidney - What to know

Functions Receive and store Body Fluids Discharge urine with the help of the

Kidney

Bladder is prone to excess

Bladder - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 1, Class 11See the highlighted parts

Basic Constituents or Essential Substances Essence Qi Blood Body Fluids

Essence

Definition: fluid-like vital substance, the most basic and important of the vital substances to the body.

Transformation of all other vital substances relies on essence.

Essence - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 2, Class 1See the highlighted parts

Qi

Qi can be seen, smelled, and strengthened through Qigong

Definition Refined energy, produced by the internal

organs. Function = nourishing the physical body and the mind. It is part of the vital substances.

Indicates the functional activities of the internal organs. All internal organ qi derives from the essence of the Kidneys

Qi - What to know

Sources of qi Air – heavens/lungs Food – earth/spleen Congenital – primary or yuan qi/parents

Qi vs essence – see class 1 pg 4 of notes How to tonify yuan qi – see class 1 pg 5 of

notes Wei qi functions – class 2 pg 1 General functions of Qi – class 2 pg 4 Movement of Qi – red portions of class 2, pp

5-6 Pathologies of Qi – not highlighted, but

symptoms – class 2, pp 7-10, class 3

Qi - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 2, Class 1-3See the highlighted parts

Blood

Definition of bloodBlood is a red, fluid like vital substance and is one of the most important in the human body.”

SourcesSpleen/stomach, Lungs, Heart, Kidneys,Yuan Qi

Blood - What to know

Relationship between Blood and Essence Mutually assist each other –

When blood is sufficient it can be transformed into acquired essence to support and assist congenital essence

When blood is sufficient it can be transformed into acquired essence to support and assist

Know Blood pathology symptoms, class 3 pgs 7-9

Blood - What to know

Functions Nourish the physical body Moistens the tissues of the body Blood is the material foundation of shen

Relationship of Qi and Blood Qi to blood: Qi generates blood, moves

blood, holds blood Blood to qi: Blood roots and holds Qi,

nourishes Qi.

Blood - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 2, Class 3See the highlighted parts

Body Fluids

Definition: a fluid-like vital substance which contains jin and ye.

Source and transport of body fluids: Spleen, Stomach, Small Intestine and

Large Intestine. Relationship of Blood to Body Fluids

Come from the same source – St/Sp They are mutually supported

Retention of Body Fluids

Body Fluids - What to know

Where to get the infoFoundations 2, Class 4See the highlighted parts

Internal, External, and Miscellaneous Causes of Disease

Emotions – class 7 Foundations 2, pgs 3-6

Six Evils – class 8-9 combined notes Internally generated pathogens – class

10 notes

Causes - What to know