Bellwork: Monday 5/7/20121. In order for matter to change

phase ___________ must be either gained or lost.

2. If you have ever lived in a place where it snows, then you know salt is sprinkled on sidewalks and streets. Why?• To melt the snow or ice by

lowering the freezing point

3. Oceans don’t freeze except in extreme polar regions. Why?• Salt water needs to be colder

than fresh water; poles are much colder than other regions!

Heat / energy

Packet 14: Types and Sources of Energy, Energy Transformations & Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy

Energy Unit Standards• THE STUDENT WILL…– DEMONSTRATE THAT ENERGY CAN BE KINETIC OR

POTENTIAL.– INVESTIGATE ENERGY AS A PROPERTY ASSOCIATED WITH

MATTER.– DESCRIBE DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY (HEAT, CHEMICAL,

LIGHT, ELECTRICITY, MECHANICAL MOTION, SOUND, AND NUCLEAR).

– DESCRIBE VARIOUS ENERGY TRANSFERS WITHIN A SYSTEM. • GIVE EXAMPLES OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS.

– IDENTIFY TYPES AND SOURCES OF ENERGY • DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE

SOURCES OF ENERGY

Final Unit Project: Energy Public Service AnnouncementWe will discuss more about this later this week…

Nature of Energy• Energy is all around you!– You can hear energy as sound– You can see energy as light– You can feel it as heat

Nature of Energy• Living organisms need

energy for growth and movement

• You use energy when you:–hit a baseball– lift your book bag– compress a spring

Nature of Energy• Energy is involved

when:–a bird flies–fireworks

explodes–water falls from a

waterfall–electricity flows in

a wire

Nature of Energy- Packet 15, Page 1• 7.1- TSW USE AN

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF ENERGY.

• What is energy that it can be involved in so many different activities?– Energy- the ability to

do work• Unit J (Joules)

– Work- exerts a force over a distance to move an object

• If an object or organism does work, the object or organism uses energy

• If an object has work done on it, the object gains energy

Forms of Energy7.4- THE STUDENT WILL DESCRIBE

DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY (HEAT, CHEMICAL, LIGHT, ELECTRICITY, MECHANICAL MOTION, SOUND, AND NUCLEAR)

1. Thermal (Heat)- measures total motion of the atoms; thermal energy increases = particles move faster (more Kinetic Energy) and it makes the object feel warmer– Produced by friction, causes

phase/temperature changes– Ex. When the thermal

energy of ice cream increases, it melts

2. Chemical- PE stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together; when bonds are broken, energy is released• Ex. Stored in

food, fuel (gas/ petroleum), match used to light a candle

Forms of Energy

3. Electromagnetic- forms of light

– Electromagnetic spectrum- gamma, x-rays, radio, infrared, ultraviolet, visible, microwaves

– Electromagnetic energy carries your cell phone messages to your phone (microwaves)

Forms of Energy

4. Nuclear- PE stored in the nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy; the most concentrated form of energy– Fission- When the nucleus splits,

nuclear energy is released in the form of heat energy and light energy.

– Fusion- Nuclear energy is also released when nuclei collide at high speeds and join (fuse).– The sun’s energy is produced from

a nuclear fusion reaction in which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei.

Forms of Energy

Forms of Energy5. Mechanical- energy

associated with motion or position; occurs as:– Kinetic Energy- energy of

motion– Potential Energy- stored

energy• Examples:– When you kick a football, you

give it mechanical energy to move

– When you roll a bowling ball, you give it mechanical energy, which is transferred to the pins!

– School bus, jumping frog

Types of Energy

6. Electrical- Moving electric charges produce electricity; electrical energy is the energy carried–Ex. When you get a shock

from a metal doorknob, power lines (to run radios, lights, computers, etc.)

The Law of Conservation of Energy

• Law of Conservation of Energy- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one type to another– If energy seems to disappear, then

scientists look for it – leading to many important discoveries.

• In 1905, Albert Einstein said that mass and energy can be converted into each other– He showed that if matter is

destroyed, energy is created, and if energy is destroyed mass is created.• e = mc2

Page 2- Bookwork & Homework• Work individually and silently on the following:

• Chapter 13: Energy (page 409)• Section 1: Nature of Energy

• Homework: Packet 14, Page 2- “Examining Energy: Camping Trip”- DUE TOMORROW

Bellwork: Tuesday 5/8/2012• Only 20% of the world's people live

in industrialized countries, yet they consume more than 66% of the planet's resources.

• With less than 5% of global population, the United States accounts for about 25% of global consumption.

• Did you know that a child born in an industrialized country will consume and pollute more over his or her lifetime than 30-50 children born in developing countries?

• In 3-4 sentences, respond to and reflect on these statements. State your opinions, solutions, or any thoughts you have…

Energy Transformations- Pg 3• Most energy can be converted

into other types of energy

Electromagnetic Chemical Chemical Mechanical (KE)

ElectricalMechanical (KE)Chemical Thermal

7.5- TSW DESCRIBE VARIOUS ENERGY TRANSFERS WITHIN A SYSTEM.

7.7- TSW GIVE EXAMPLES OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS.

Energy Transformations

Electromagnetic electricalSun’s energy electricity

Electromagnetic chemicalSun’s energy “plant food”

Solar panels

Plants growing

Mechanical energy (ME) electricalTurbine spins electricity

Electrical ME (KE)Electricity spinning motor

Electric motor

Wind turbines

Sorting Words (page 4): Classify the followingI know a lot about this

I’ve heard of this before

I have no idea what this is

Greenhouse gases Fission Thermal energy Potential

energyGeothermal

power Wind energy Hydroelectric energy

Global warming

Ozone layer (hole) Solar energy Nuclear energy Ocean power

Renewable resource Biomass Hydrogen fuel cell Kinetic energy

Photovoltaic cell Fusion

Fossil fuels ex. oil, coal, gas, petroleum

Non-renewable resource

Homework

• 7.12- TSW IDENTIFY THE INPUTS, TRANSFORMATIONS, AND OUTPUTS OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM.–Packet 15, Page 3- “Forms of Energy” and

“Energy Transformations” Worksheet- both sides! – DUE TOMORROW

Bellwork: Wednesday 5/9/20121. Which of the following are examples of

things that store chemical energy:– matchstick– lightning– a microwave– fossil fuels– a light bulb– hamburger

2. What type of energy conversion is taking place when natural gas is used to heat water?– chemical energy thermal energy

3. When fossil fuels are burned, their chemical potential energy is converted directly into _____.– thermal energy

4. Which of the following are fossil fuels?– Petroleum– Natural gas– Corn– Coal– Oil

5. A change from one form of energy into another is called ____________.– gravitational potential

energy– work– conservation of energy– an energy transformation

7.14- TSW DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.

• Renewable resource- natural resource that is used at a rate slower than the rate at which it regenerates

• Non-renewable resource- natural resource that cannot be replaced if used up

Sources of Energy- Pkt 14, Pg 4

• 7.13- TSW IDENTIFY TYPES AND SOURCES OF ENERGY.

Solar energy- renewable; energy from the sun in the form of heat and light, converted by parabolic dishes and photovoltaic cells

Wind energy- renewable; conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity

Geothermal power- renewable; (from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat) is power extracted from heat stored in the earth

Sources of Energy Biomass/biofuel- renewable; biological

material derived from living, or recently living plant matter, such as wood, solid waste, landfill gas, biogas, and ethanol fuels; burned to generate electricity

“Clean” coal (fossil fuel) technology- non-renewable; technology that may reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) (and greenhouse gases) that arise from the burning of coal for electrical power; typically in reference to carbon capture and storage, which pumps and stores CO2 emissions underground

Nuclear power- non-renewable; produced from controlled (i.e., non-explosive) nuclear reactions; released by the splitting (fission) or merging together (fusion) of the nuclei of atom(s)

Sources of Energy Hydroelectricity- renewable; (Hoover

Dam!) the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water (hydropower)

Tidal/wave/ocean power- renewable; a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides or ocean surface waves into electricity or other useful forms of power

Hydrogen fuel cell- renewable; an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power; uses hydrogen as its fuel and oxygen (usually from air) as its oxidant

Operation: Keep Nevada Beautiful, Public Service Announcement (pg 5)

• THE STUDENT WILL IDENTIFY TYPES AND SOURCES OF ENERGY • THE STUDENT WILL DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE SOURCES OF

ENERGY

• In 1997, Nevada made a significant commitment to develop renewable resources and promote energy efficiency by being one of the first states to adopt a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Nevada passed a Renewable Energy Policy which pledged that 15% of the state’s electricity would be generated from renewable sources by 2013—an aggressive stance which ranked Nevada 3rd in the nation behind California (33% by 2020) and New Jersey (22.5% by 2021)! The RPS further specified that not less than 5% of the total required amount of energy must be generated or acquired from solar renewable energy systems.

• In 2005, Nevada legislature adjusted the requirements of the RPS by raising them to 25% by 2025 (solar energy must account for 5% of annual requirement through 2015, and 6% by 2025)

Operation: Keep Nevada Beautiful, Public Service Announcement (pg 5)

• The following schedule is currently in effect:– 15% renewables/efficiency in 2011 and 2012– 18% renewables/efficiency in 2013 and 2014– 20% renewables/efficiency in 2015-2019– 22% renewables/efficiency in 2020-2024– 25% renewables/efficiency in 2025+

• Today, Nevada is one of the most versatile states for renewable energy, proven by the fact that in 2012, North NV generated 19.64% (20011 – 15.68%) of its electricity from renewable sources, and South NV generated 9.18% (2011- 6.41%) from renewable sources. Renewable energy is gaining popularity and importance in the United States. In the first 6 months of 2011, renewable energy accounted for 14% (2010 – 11%) of the nationally produced electricity. In 2011, the U.S. was the world’s largest producer of electricity from geothermal, solar and wind power and it trailed only China in the total production of renewable energy.

• In this project, you will explore the different types of renewable and nonrenewable energy used in Nevada (and the world). Then, you will determine the best sources of renewable energy to promote in our community, in order to reach the 25% goal by 2025!

Part I: General Energy Resource Research- Page 57.3- TSW INVESTIGATE ENERGY AS A PROPERTY ASSOCIATED WITH MATTER.• In groups, in the classroom, you will research the following different

sources of energy :1. Solar energy 2. Wind energy 3. Geothermal power 4. Biomass/biofuel5. “Clean” coal (fossil fuel) technology6. Nuclear power7. Hydroelectricity 8. Tidal/wave/ocean

1. General Energy Source Research- in class using packets in manila folders and library books

2. Nevada Energy Sources

• In groups of 1-3, you will research1. power

FIND A GROUP!• Alright, you can make groups from 1 – 4 people.

Write the names of who your group is on a piece of paper and put it on the front table.

• Assign topics to group members– 8 different energy sources– Every member of group must have 2 energy sources– No group member can share energy sources (all must

have different sources of energy)• At the top of pg. 6 and 7, CIRCLE the energy sources

YOU are in charge of!• We will take days next week to do research in class

Bellwork: Thursday 5/10/20121. The ability to do work is called _________________.2. The energy associated with motion is called __________________.3. Potential energy is ________________________________.

– the energy of motion– stored within the object– conserved

4. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that when one form of energy is converted into another, ______________________________________.– some energy is destroyed in the process– some energy is created in the process– no energy is created or destroyed

5. The total energy within the atoms of a substance is called _______________.– heat– temperature– motion– momentum

6. The scale used to measure the amount of kinetic energy in the atoms of a substance is called ___________________.– the decibel scale– heat– temperature

energykinetic energy

stored within the object

no energy is created or destroyed

temperature

temperature

1. What energy transformation happens to make nuclear energy usable?

2. Is nuclear energy renewable or nonrenewable? Why?

1. Nuclear energy Thermal Mechanical Electrical Energy

2. NONRENEWABLE- Even though there are trillions of atoms in the world, only rare, non-renewable, radioactive elements (Uranium- 235) can be used in collecting energy from nuclear reactions. • Although small quantities go a

long way! The fission of 1 lb of uranium releases more energy than burning 3,000,000 lbs of coal!!!

Packet 14, Page 10• Nuclear energy- PE stored in

atom’s nucleus; released during nuclear reaction

• Fission- nucleus splits– power plants, nuclear weapons

• Fusion- nuclei fuse together– hydrogen bombs, sun and other

stars

• 7.21- TSW EXPLAIN THAT IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS, MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF HEAT IS GENERATED.

• 7.22- TSW EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUSION AND FISSION, BASED ON THE ENERGY CHANGES.

Current Status of nuclear energy

• 17% of the world’s electricity

• U.S.: 103 nuclear power plants; 20% of total U.S. energy (#1- coal)

• France: 78% of comes from nuclear sources

Nuclear Power Plant Locations in U.S.

Why is nuclear not the primary source of fuel in the United States?

• No harmful greenhouse gases• Least environmental impact per unit of power produced• Very efficient fuel: 1kg uranium contains 20,000 times

more energy than the same amount of coal• Current supplies of uranium: 100 years of energy if it were

used as the sole energy source– 57.8 years of petroleum– 58.5 years of natural gas– 587 years of coal

• Less dependence on foreign oil from unstable countries– Nuclear fuels come from stable countries such as Australia and

Canada

• Yucca Mountain- The potential site for a nuclear waste dumping ground located in Eureka County Nevada, about 90 miles NW of Las Vegas

Bill Nye- Nuclear Energy Video• 25m

What does nuclear waste look like?• Whenever you see

radioactive material represented in a cartoon or a similar fictitious depiction, it always seems to be a lime-green, glow-in-the-dark ooze.

• Since radioactivity isn't visible to the eye, it would probably look like any other liquid industrial waste.

• The image below simply looks like a chunk of metal, but it is very radioactive, weapons grade Plutonium-239. It has a relatively long half-life of 24,000 years—but no visible glow.

Fuel Rod Storage Pool- Nuclear Waste• Spent fuel rods- most radioactive of all

nuclear wastes (99%- even though small volume)

• Permanent storage not available• Temporary storage is being used

1. Extremely hot, spent fuel rods are removed from the reactor core

2. Rods are cooled down in a storage pool next to the reactor that is filled with boric acid to absorb some of the radiation given off

3. Rods are supposed to stay in the pool for only about 6 months, but, they often stay there for years.

4. Many power plants have had to enlarge their pools to make room for more rods.

5. Problem: Pools get too crowded, rods too close together, start a nuclear chain reaction

• Should all of the country’s nuclear waste be stored in one central location? Why or why not?

• What alternatives does the government have besides dumping all of America’s nuclear waste in sites like Yucca Mountain?

HOMEWORK: at least 1 paragraph

•What would you propose that the government do with the nuclear waste instead of placing it in Yucca Mountain?

Bellwork: Friday 5/11/20121. What type of energy does a

spinning turbine have?– Mechanical energy

2. Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called ______.– nuclear energy

3. Visible light is an example of _______.– electromagnetic energy

4. When you rub your hands together on a cold day, you use friction to convert _______.– mechanical energy light energy– thermal energy nuclear energy– nuclear energy mechanical energy– mechanical energy thermal energy

America’s Energy PolicyA Secure Energy Future: Progress Report

• Use the article to answer the questions on pgs. 11 and 12

• Work quietly by yourself on this.

• If you can do this for half an hour, you may get help from your group for the last ten minutes of class.

• ENJOY!

GROUP PLANNING!

• Read through Part 2 and 3 on page 5 with your energy group.

• Begin to plan how you want to do things/get them done for this project!

• The Oral Presentations are due next Friday!