Bellwork Meteorology (write the following on Post-its): 1.What factors/variables (most important)...
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Transcript of Bellwork Meteorology (write the following on Post-its): 1.What factors/variables (most important)...
MeteorologyBasicsWeather Warm-up!1.Bellwork: Wrote down 2-3 Characteristics of the atmosphere on Post-its
2.Share with your table/people next to you
3.What tools would Meteorologists on Earth use to study those characteristics?
4.Large Group Share – Share 1 Characteristic and the tool(s) used to study it (no repeats)
5.Which of these would be most useful to a weather forecaster?
Primary Atmospheric Characteristics
Temperature Pressure Wind – Speed & Direction … at multiple layers/heights AGL Humidity (water vapor/moisture content) Instability Precipitation Cloud cover Visibility Ascent/Descent – Rising motion/Subsidence
Observations, Measurements, Tools, & Data!
Weather Balloons
Surface Stations
Wind Profilers
Radar (surface & aircraft)
Satellite
Computer Models – Numerical Weather Prediction!
- Model Output Statistics: http://weather.unisys.com/mos/index.php
- Reliable surface observations!
Atmosphere
Air is a fluid & atmosphere behaves
much like a shallow pool of water
These wave motions are important
on Earth and other planets as well!
Topography can affect these wave
motions
Atmosphere
Yep. Mars has an atmosphere.
~95% CO2, ~3% N2, ~2% Ar; traces of O2, CO
Surface pressure ~0.006 atm (~1/100th Earth’s atmosphere)
Air Pressure
~1013.2 mb at sea level on Earth
That’s ~14.7 lbs/in2!
Pressure differences between different locations causes the air to move from H toward L (wind)
HH LL
Weather Versus Climate
WeatherWeather The state of the atmosphere at any given time, including things such as temperature, pressure, precipitation, and cloud cover.
ClimateClimate The totality of weather over a long period of time at one place or over a region. Climate results from the accumulated impact of weather day after day.
Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)
The forecasting of the behavior of atmospheric disturbances by the numerical solution of the governing fundamental equations of hydrodynamics, subject to observed initial conditions.
NWP are the basis for most Global Climate Models
Model Output Statistics (MOS) is another useful tool to weather forecasters
Activity: Mars Meteorology
MARCI Weather Weekly Weather Report for Nov. 3-9, 2008
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11418
Curiosity Daily Weather: http://marsweather.com/data
Mars Mission Map: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/images/20081124a/MSL_4sites_globe.jpg
Discussion Q’s
o How would you rate the quality of the data?
o What observations can you make?
o How would you interpret these observations?
o What could you say about Mars from this data set?
o Can you use previous mission data to make a generalization?
o What can you say we know about Mars at this point? How certain are you?
o What questions would you ask about Mars’ atmosphere/weather?
o How would you attempt to answer these questions?
o What are limitations to this type of mission (lander/instruments)?
Extensions
Connecting to MSL/CuriosityoRover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) Information (including data graphs and latest REMS news): http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/environsensors/rems/
oMars Weather from REMS: http://marsweather.com/data
oMars Weather on Twitter (@MarsWxReport): https://twitter.com/MarsWxReport
oIn the News: http://science.time.com/2013/07/23/revealed-how-mars-lost-its-atmosphere/ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1461
http://spaceref.com/mars/mars-water-ice-clouds-lead-to-twice-daily-temperature-change.html
Modern ExplorationPhoenix
Launched August 4, 2007; landed on May 25, 2008 on the northern arctic plains
Operated for ~6 months; unlike the MER rovers, Phoenix had no chance of surviving more than 6-7 months
Rotation & Revolution
One Martian day (sol) is 24 hours and 37 minutes
One Martian year is 687 Earth days, almost two Earth years
Seasons
Like Earth, Mars tiltsThis tilt contributes to seasons; orbit also contributes
Martian Year means Seasons are twice as long!