BELLWORK• In 1862, Lincoln wrote a letter to NY

Tribune editor, Horace Greeley: • “My paramount object in this

struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”

1. What do you think Lincoln’s view on slavery was?

2. As you know, the Union was anti-slavery, so why would Lincoln say “if I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it?”

3. If abolishing slavery was not his main concern, what was?

The Civil War Lincoln’s Goals • preserve the Union• keep the border states

on the side of the Union

• keep foreign countries from helping the Confederacy

Secession

Ft. Sumter• Union military base in

SC• Confederate army

captures it on April 12, 1861

• Causes VA, AK, NC & TN to secede and join the Confederacy

Involvement of Black Troops

First Battle of Bull Run• Fought on July 21, 1861 in

Virginia• First major battle of the Civil

War• Union wanted control of

Confederate capital in Richmond

• Confederacy won, even though they were heavily outnumbered

• Huge setback for the Union

Battle of Shiloh• Fought April 6/7, 1862 in

Shiloh, TN.• Confederacy launched a

surprise attack on Grant’s Union camp

• Confederacy won the first day• Union won the second day• 20,000 troops were killed or

wounded• Made Americans realize that

this war would last longer than expected.

Battle of Antietam• September 17, 1862• General Lee moved

Confederate troops into MD, so the Union wanted to stop their advance.

• Union won, but it became the bloodiest day in US History

• 23,000 casualties• This victory made Britain

reluctant to aide the Confederacy.

Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, PA

• General Lee tried to invade the North

• Turning point of the Civil War

• Ended Lee’s invasion of the North

• Union won, but both sides lost a lot of men.

• Confederates – 28,000• Union – 23,000

Gettysburg Address

• November 19, 1863• President Lincoln visited

the battle site to dedicate a cemetery to honor the soldiers that died in the Battle of Gettysburg.

• Promised the Union would eventually join together and give everyone equality!

“It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Battle of Vicksburg• The only city in MS that

remained under Confederate control by May 1863

• Union General Grant ordered a siege of the city and surrounded Confederate troops.

• Supplies were nearly gone and no reinforcements arrived for 40 days.

• Forced a Confederate surrender• Last major battle of the Civil War

America the Story of Us: Civil War• The Civil War was the first conflict fought after the

Industrial Revolution, so it is often referred to as the first “modern war.”

• For the video, you will take notes on the modernization of the U.S. and advances made in:

• Technology• Communication• Transportation

U.S. Naval Involvement

• Timber clad Ironclad

• Submarines• Torpedoes• Blockades

General Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda Plan”

Civil War Generals

North:

Ulysses S. Grant

South:

Robert E. Lee

Review• Advantages of the North vs. Advantages

of the South

Towards the End of War• On January 1, 1863 Lincoln

signed the Emancipation Proclamation: declared freedom for enslaved people in parts of the Confederacy.

• Grant enacted a scorched earth policy: troops burned farmland, and cities in order to destroy the enemy’s food, shelter and supplies.

End of Civil War • On April 9, 1865 General Grant (N) had General

Lee’s (S) troops surrounded in VA. • Lee surrendered• Terms of surrender:

1. Confederate soldiers were NOT prosecuted for treason

2. Soldiers could keep their horses

3. Union provided food to Confederate soldiers.

End of Civil War• The Union celebrated their victory all throughout

the North.• Highest deaths of any U.S. war:• 360,000 Union soldiers• 375,000 Confederate soldiers• The Civil War ended when the South surrendered,

but the war was far from over. It left devastation and destruction all throughout the nation.

After – Effects of the Civil War• Physical: destroyed 2/3 of South’s shipping industry

and 9,000 miles of railroads. It ruined farm land, farm buildings, farm machinery, animals, livestock, bridges, canals and factories. The value of Southern property decreased 70%.

• Humans: destroyed a whole generation of young, healthy men.

• One out of three southern men were killed or wounded.

After – Effects of the Civil War• Postwar South:• Black Southerners: 4 million freed slaves were starting a new

life. As slaves, they received food and shelter. Now, they found themselves homeless, unemployed, and starved.

• Plantation Owners: Planters lost slave labor worth $3 billion. The government seized $100 million in land and cotton.

• Poor White Southerners: high unemployment rate because of competition, many started moving West

Reconstruction• The Confederates had been defeated and their homes were

completely destroyed. • Charleston, SC was described as “a city of ruins, of

desolation, of empty houses, of widowed women, of rotting docks, of deserted warehouses, of weed wild gardens, of acres of pitiful barrenness.”

• Between 1865 and 1877 the federal government implemented reconstruction which was a program to repair the damage to the South and restore southern states to the Union.

• This program was extremely controversial.

Reconstruction Discussion• The debate over Reconstruction centered around

three issues:

1. Under what terms were the former Confederate States to be readmitted to the Union, and who should establish those terms – Congress or the President?

2. Who should be punished for the rebellion and how?

3. What was to be done, if anything, to aid the newly freed slaves?

Reconstruction Station Activity

Reconstruction Vocabulary• 13th Amendment• 14th Amendment• 15th Amendment• Civil Rights Act of 1866• Freedmen’s Bureau• Black Codes• Ku Klux Klan• Carpetbaggers• U.S. vs. Cruikshank• Lynching