BELLWORK: Block 1BELLWORK: Block 11.1. Explain the political divisions in Canada post-WWI.Explain the political divisions in Canada post-WWI.2.2. What new political parties emerged in Canada in the What new political parties emerged in Canada in the

1920’s? 1920’s? 3.3. How did WWI effect Canada’s economy?How did WWI effect Canada’s economy?4.4. List three reasons why the Canadian economy List three reasons why the Canadian economy

“boomed” in the 1920’s.“boomed” in the 1920’s.5.5. List three reasons the Canadian “boom” ended.List three reasons the Canadian “boom” ended.6.6. THINKER: In your opinion, why was there no panic at THINKER: In your opinion, why was there no panic at

the Toronto Stock Exchange on the same scale as the Toronto Stock Exchange on the same scale as the New York Stock Exchange?the New York Stock Exchange?

Signs of an “unsound economy”Signs of an “unsound economy”There were six factors that led to the There were six factors that led to the eventual Depression in Canada. eventual Depression in Canada. These signs of an “unsound These signs of an “unsound economy” include:economy” include:OverproductionOverproductionReliance on Exporting Staple Reliance on Exporting Staple ProductsProductsCanada’s Dependence on the U.S.Canada’s Dependence on the U.S.Stock Market CrashStock Market CrashInternational Debt post-WWIInternational Debt post-WWIEconomic Protectionism and TariffsEconomic Protectionism and Tariffs

Today, you will be Today, you will be broken into groups broken into groups and must create a and must create a skit based on one of skit based on one of the factors of the the factors of the unsound economy.unsound economy.The skit needs to The skit needs to clearly present the clearly present the topic and explain why topic and explain why that factor was such a that factor was such a problem.problem.

DiscussionDiscussion

With regards to the economic “boom,” With regards to the economic “boom,” unsound economy and stock market unsound economy and stock market crash, what do Canada and the U.S. have crash, what do Canada and the U.S. have in common?in common?

Try and get three things! Try and get three things!

BELLWORK 9/24BELLWORK 9/24Read about the Read about the immediate effects of immediate effects of the Great Depression the Great Depression in Canada: pgs. 211-in Canada: pgs. 211-215215

Take notes on the Take notes on the – Economic impactEconomic impact– Social impactSocial impact– Political impactPolitical impact

How do Canadian elections How do Canadian elections work?work?

Did you know…. The Did you know…. The Canadian PM is NOT elected Canadian PM is NOT elected by the people?? They’re by the people?? They’re chosen by whichever party chosen by whichever party has the most seats in has the most seats in Parliament.Parliament.

People only vote directly for People only vote directly for members of Parliament (MP)members of Parliament (MP)

https://https://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?v=erP9-watch?v=erP9-gjRoTYgjRoTY

Start at :30Start at :30

https://https://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?watch?v=u9kuF4LP_I8v=u9kuF4LP_I8

Stop at 4:25Stop at 4:25

Statistics of the GD in Canada Statistics of the GD in Canada Every trade saw wages drop between Every trade saw wages drop between 1930 and 1936 1930 and 1936 – Saskatchewan (farm): 90%Saskatchewan (farm): 90%

Unemployment reached 27% at the Unemployment reached 27% at the height of the Depression in 1933.height of the Depression in 1933.– Newfoundland (fish): 50%Newfoundland (fish): 50%

Corporate profits went from $396 Corporate profits went from $396 million in 1929 to $98 million in 1933. million in 1929 to $98 million in 1933. Between 1929 and 1933 the GNP Between 1929 and 1933 the GNP dropped 43%. dropped 43%. Relied on trade, but imports 25% Relied on trade, but imports 25% and exports 55%and exports 55%Farmers hit hardest: Wheat 75%Farmers hit hardest: Wheat 75%20% of Canadians were on relief20% of Canadians were on relief

27% unemployment

Canadian Prime Ministers during the Canadian Prime Ministers during the Great DepressionGreat Depression

William Lyon Mackenzie KingWilliam Lyon Mackenzie King Richard Bedford (R.B.) Richard Bedford (R.B.) BennettBennett

Prime Minister (Liberal Party) of Prime Minister (Liberal Party) of Canada from 1921 to 1930.Canada from 1921 to 1930.Struggled to work with the Struggled to work with the Progressive Party and his own Progressive Party and his own Liberal Party, especially on the issue Liberal Party, especially on the issue of tariffs of tariffs Unrest among farmers in the Prairies Unrest among farmers in the Prairies as farm prices declined as farm prices declined no direct no direct aideaideHe also faced growing dissent from He also faced growing dissent from WWI veterans who expected their WWI veterans who expected their sacrifices to be compensated during sacrifices to be compensated during difficult economic times.difficult economic times.

W.L. MacKenzie King

Drought, Dust and Famine in the Prairies Drought, Dust and Famine in the Prairies

Homeless Canadian family in WesternCanada during the heart of the Depression

Election of 1930Election of 1930King approached the early stages King approached the early stages of the depression cautiously and of the depression cautiously and hid behind the British North hid behind the British North America Act.America Act.

Believing it was up to the provinces Believing it was up to the provinces to handle reliefto handle relief

He felt that was what Canadians He felt that was what Canadians wanted, but in 1930 they proved wanted, but in 1930 they proved him wrong…..him wrong…..

R.B. Bennett, leader of the R.B. Bennett, leader of the Conservative party, won the Conservative party, won the election on promises of action and election on promises of action and direct reliefdirect relief

Bennett and Mackenzie King at the centennial celebration of Toronto;

1934

Election of 1930Election of 1930"I propose that any government of which I "I propose that any government of which I am the head will at the first session of am the head will at the first session of parliament initiate whatever action is parliament initiate whatever action is necessary to that end, or perish in the necessary to that end, or perish in the attempt." - Richard Bennett, June 9, 1930.attempt." - Richard Bennett, June 9, 1930.

"The truth is I feel I do not much care, the load is heavy & I would gladly do literary work for a while. I shall be glad to throw on to Bennett's shoulders the formation of a govt. & finding a solution for unemployment & other problems." Mackenzie King’s Diary, July 29, 1930

Government Response to the Government Response to the Great DepressionGreat Depression

Two rival parties and their Two rival parties and their solutions for the GDsolutions for the GD

To learn more about each Prime Minister and their responses to the Depression, you and a partner will read and complete the graphic

organizer on your note sheet

King’s Response to the DepressionKing’s Response to the DepressionMacKenzie King thought that it was MacKenzie King thought that it was the responsibility of the provinces the responsibility of the provinces to aid their own citizens. to aid their own citizens. He wasn’t prepared for the He wasn’t prepared for the depression (not many political depression (not many political leaders were) and so he didn’t take leaders were) and so he didn’t take an interventionist approach to the an interventionist approach to the economy.economy.King was eventually openly King was eventually openly criticized for his controversial criticized for his controversial comment that he wouldn’t give “a comment that he wouldn’t give “a five cent piece” of relief money to five cent piece” of relief money to any province that had a any province that had a Conservative GovernmentConservative Government

He won’t give “a five cent piece”

Enter “Bonfire” BennettEnter “Bonfire” BennettR.B. Bennett was Leader of the R.B. Bennett was Leader of the Conservative Party of CanadaConservative Party of CanadaHe had the nickname “bonfire” because of He had the nickname “bonfire” because of his bombastic (loud) speaking style.his bombastic (loud) speaking style.On July 28On July 28thth, 1930 R.B. Bennett became , 1930 R.B. Bennett became Prime Minister of Canada.Prime Minister of Canada.Originally from New Brunswick, grew up to Originally from New Brunswick, grew up to be a self-made millionaire as a corporate be a self-made millionaire as a corporate lawyer and businessman in Calgary.lawyer and businessman in Calgary.Given his “rags to riches” humble Given his “rags to riches” humble beginnings, he believed in capitalism and beginnings, he believed in capitalism and the free-enterprise system (i.e. leave the free-enterprise system (i.e. leave economy alone and everything will work out economy alone and everything will work out in the end)in the end) Prime Minister R.B. Bennett

Bennett’s Response to the Great Bennett’s Response to the Great DepressionDepression

Bennett tried to combat the depression by Bennett tried to combat the depression by increasing trade within the British Empire increasing trade within the British Empire and imposing tariffs for imports from outside and imposing tariffs for imports from outside the Empire. Known as the Imperial the Empire. Known as the Imperial Preference PolicyPreference Policy

Conservative pro-business policies Conservative pro-business policies provided little relief for the unemployedprovided little relief for the unemployed

Bennett’s Response to the Bennett’s Response to the DepressionDepression

He put $ 20 Million dollars He put $ 20 Million dollars towards emergency relieftowards emergency relief

He raised the tariffs on He raised the tariffs on imports to 50% in order to imports to 50% in order to protect Canada’s industries protect Canada’s industries from foreign competition and from foreign competition and end the trade deficit. (Do you end the trade deficit. (Do you think this would work?) think this would work?)

“Bonfire” Bennett

Blaming it on BennettBlaming it on BennettBlaming it on BennettBlaming it on Bennett

Bennett’s FailuresBennett’s Failures

No Unemployment InsuranceNo Unemployment Insurance

Prime Minister Bennett blamed for inability Prime Minister Bennett blamed for inability to end Depressionto end Depression

Bennett Buggies – Cars pulled by horsesBennett Buggies – Cars pulled by horses

Bennettburoughs – homeless communitiesBennettburoughs – homeless communities

Bennett blankets - newspapersBennett blankets - newspapers

To spur employment, Bennett To spur employment, Bennett created relief camps in rural areas created relief camps in rural areas for men to live/workfor men to live/workConditions in the camps were Conditions in the camps were repulsive, not only because of the repulsive, not only because of the low pay, but the lack of recreational low pay, but the lack of recreational facilities, isolation from family and facilities, isolation from family and friends, poor quality food, and the friends, poor quality food, and the use of military discipline.use of military discipline.Communist Party leaders saw a Communist Party leaders saw a chance to organize strikes in the chance to organize strikes in the camps. Forming the Relief Camp camps. Forming the Relief Camp Worker’s UnionWorker’s Union

Establishment of Relief Camps

January 1935, Bennett announces in a radio address “I am for reform” January 1935, Bennett announces in a radio address “I am for reform” and launches his own New Deal.and launches his own New Deal.

The plan called for federal government intervention:The plan called for federal government intervention:> minimum wage, maximum work week laws, > minimum wage, maximum work week laws, > unemployment insurance > unemployment insurance > retirement pensions, health insurance> retirement pensions, health insurance> mortgage assistance for farmers> mortgage assistance for farmers

Most of the New Deal was seen by the Supreme Court of Canada as an Most of the New Deal was seen by the Supreme Court of Canada as an encroachment on the authority of provincial governments and struck encroachment on the authority of provincial governments and struck down as violation of Section 92 of the British North America Act down as violation of Section 92 of the British North America Act (Canada's Constitution)(Canada's Constitution)

Bennett’s reform effort was seen as too little, too late by voters who Bennett’s reform effort was seen as too little, too late by voters who elected McKenzie King in October 1935elected McKenzie King in October 1935

Bennett’s New Deal

The Return of KingThe Return of KingIn 1935, the Canadian people In 1935, the Canadian people had enough of Bennett who had enough of Bennett who they blamed for prolonging the they blamed for prolonging the Depression.Depression.Running under the slogan Running under the slogan “King or Chaos”, King won the “King or Chaos”, King won the election.election.Bennett ended his final days Bennett ended his final days in Great Britain and remains in Great Britain and remains the only Canadian Prime the only Canadian Prime Minister to be buried outside Minister to be buried outside of Canada.of Canada.

He’s Back Again……

Introduces relief programs:Introduces relief programs:> National Housing Act> National Housing Act> National Employment Commission> National Employment CommissionNationalizes:Nationalizes:> Canadian Broadcast Corporation 1936> Canadian Broadcast Corporation 1936> Trans-Canada Airlines (Air-Canada) 1937> Trans-Canada Airlines (Air-Canada) 1937> Bank of Canada 1938> Bank of Canada 1938From 1939, an increased demand in Europe for materials, and From 1939, an increased demand in Europe for materials, and increased spending by the Canadian government on public works increased spending by the Canadian government on public works created a boost to the economy. created a boost to the economy. Unemployment declined as men enlisted in the military. Unemployment declined as men enlisted in the military. By 1939, Canada was experiencing economic prosperity for the first By 1939, Canada was experiencing economic prosperity for the first time in a decade. time in a decade.

MacKenzie King Returns MacKenzie King Returns

DiscussionDiscussion

Similarities/differences between King and Similarities/differences between King and BennettBennett