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Transcript of Bellringer What are some American values? – Think of things that everyone agrees are good, like...
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Bellringer
• What are some American values?
–Think of things that everyone agrees are good, like “fairness”
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Agenda
1. The First Greeks2. Foundations of Greek Culture3. Ancient Greek Values
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Objectives
Students will be able to…36. Identify the foundations of Greek
values and culture, including the Minoans and Mycenaeans.
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Ancient Greece
• Most historians consider Ancient Greece to be the foundation of our culture today• Understanding Ancient Greece is
essential for understanding ourselves• But where did Ancient Greek culture
come from?
Objective #36
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The First Greeks
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The Minoans
• Civilization based on the island of Crete–Capital at Knossos
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Where is Ancient Greece?
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Where is Crete?
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Minoan Civilization
• Named after King Minos–You read about him…
• Dominant in Mediterranean trade from 2000 to 1400 BCE• Not quite Greek, but Greek-like
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Palace at Knossos
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Grand Staircase
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Theater
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Plumbing
6 miles of interlocking pipes to bring water from
the mountain
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Art (frescos)
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Minoans Collapse
• Recover from disaster in 1700 BCE• Can’t recover from earthquakes and
volcanic eruption in 1470 BCE• Probably invaded from mainland
Greece
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Cultural Diffusion!• Minoans trade throughout
Mediterranean–Mainland Greece (Europe)–Asia Minor–Egypt
• Spread pottery techniques, religion, and maybe language
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Then, the Mycenaeans
• Nomads settle in Greece, borrow cultural ideas from the Minoans, and probably invade Crete• Mycenaeans –Take over Mediterranean trade–Fall to nomadic invaders around
1200 BCE
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The Mycenaeans
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Before they die…
• The Mycenaeans create Greek culture–Language–Religion/mythology–Art and literature
• They also fight the Trojan War
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What are some similarities between the Mycenaeans
and Minoans?
-Pre-Greek Civilizations- Both conquered
- Both dominated Mediterranean trade
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Foundations of Greek Culture
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Stories
• Greek culture is based on stories–Mythology, stories about the
world, the gods, and the past–The Homeric Epics (Iliad and
Odyssey), stories about heroes•About what it means to be Greek
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Homeric Epics• Epic = long poem about a
hero, important to a culture
• Homer = probable author, lived around 750 BCE
• Events took place around 1250 BCE (the Mycenaean time)
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The Iliad• A story about the Trojan War–A prince (Paris) from Troy in Asia
Minor captures Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king–A huge Greek army attacks Troy, led
by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae•How big was the army?
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The Iliad
–After 10 years surrounding the city, the Greeks trick their way into Troy and destroy the city•How?
• Learn a lot about what Greeks wanted in heroes and leaders
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The Odyssey
• After winning the Trojan War, a Greek king named Odysseus tries to go home, but angers the gods–It takes him 10 years and many
trials to reach his wife and son• Learn about Greek life at home, what
they value in husbands and fathers
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The Odyssey• Some of Odysseus’ trials–Circe, who turns men into animals–Cannibals –The Sirens’ call–A visit to Hades–Cyclopes–Scylla and Charybdis
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Not Just Stories
• Homeric epics are more than stories, they are history–Everything was bigger and
everyone was stronger and better–This shapes how Greeks view
themselves and what they value
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What qualities of the Iliad and Odyssey make it an epic
poem?
- They both have a hero- Both display important Greek values
- Both still part of Greek culture
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Lion’s Gate
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Cyclopean Walls
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Ancient Greek Values
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Greek Values
• Respect the gods• Family• Arete (valor or virtue)• Agon (competition)• Kleos aphthiton (undying glory)
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Respect the Gods• The gods are like high schoolers–Jealous–Petty–Easily angered–And they hold grudges
• Don’t make them angry, or you will pay–Myths tell you how to act–Rule #5
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The Tale of Croesus
• Herodotus: the world’s first historian• Croesus: the king of Lydia, the most
powerful kingdom in Western Asia
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Where is Lydia?
Greec
e LydiaPersia
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The Oracles
• Oracles can see the future• Most famous oracle was at Delphi• Locals will allow you
to ask questions of the oracle…for a price
Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi
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Oracle at Delphi
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A Mighty Empire Falls
• The Lydian Empire!
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A Mule is Monarch
• It was Cyrus!• “the mule cited in the oracle is Cyrus
himself, who was born from parents of different peoples and different social stations.”
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The Lessons
1. Oracles are vague and must be interpreted carefully
2. Hubris (excessive pride) will bring you down
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Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #6
If you act like you can’t lose, you will
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Family• Loyal to their family and friends, welcome
guests as temporary family members• Examples:–Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen
back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother–Odysseus travels for 10 years to return
home to his wife, who remains faithful
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Arete
• Your value or worth, your moral excellence• Examples:–Warriors and athletes honored in
the Iliad and Odyssey –Celebration of Odysseus’ and
Penelope’s intelligence
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Agon
• Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation. The Greeks love to compete• Examples:–Constant athletic challenges
throughout the Iliad and Odyssey –Olympic Games
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Kleos Aphthiton• Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the
Ancient Greeks was to be remembered forever• Examples:–Achilles (Iliad): you know how he died–Kings trying to be the most powerful–Olympic athletes–Spartan warriors