Bellringer If you witnessed an unprovoked attack on your neighbor, who is obviously weaker than...

Bellringer

If you witnessed an unprovoked attack If you witnessed an unprovoked attack on your neighboron your neighbor, who is obviously , who is obviously weaker than their assailant, weaker than their assailant, what what would you do?would you do? What would you do if What would you do if they asked for your help?they asked for your help?

Today, I will learn . . .Today, I will learn . . .– Describe the goals of the two major offensives Describe the goals of the two major offensives

the Allies launched in Europe in 1943the Allies launched in Europe in 1943..

I will learn it by . . .I will learn it by . . .– Take notes using Take notes using Cornell Notes StrategyCornell Notes Strategy; ;

listening skills, write questions in side listening skills, write questions in side margins, summarize notes.margins, summarize notes.

I have learned it when I can . . .I have learned it when I can . . .– Create a database of World War II battlesCreate a database of World War II battles..

Cornell Notes: Three QuestionsCornell Notes: Three Questions

Essential Question:

What were the major battles of WWII What were the major battles of WWII in Europe?in Europe?

The United States inThe United States inWorld War IIWorld War II

1941-19451941-1945

PowerPoint by Mr. HatawayPowerPoint by Mr. HatawayCreated February 1, 2004Created February 1, 2004Revised February 7, 2007Revised February 7, 2007

Enhanced February 1, 2011Enhanced February 1, 2011

The United States in World War IIThe United States in World War II

THE EUROPEAN FRONTTHE EUROPEAN FRONT

continued on next slide

The European FrontThe European Front

Theme:Theme: In terms of lives lost and In terms of lives lost and material destruction, World War II was material destruction, World War II was the most devastating war in human the most devastating war in human history. It began in 1939 as a European history. It began in 1939 as a European conflict between Germany and an conflict between Germany and an Anglo-French coalition but eventually Anglo-French coalition but eventually widened to include most of the nations widened to include most of the nations of the world. It ended in 1945, leaving a of the world. It ended in 1945, leaving a new world order dominated by the new world order dominated by the United States and the USSR.United States and the USSR.

War in Europe and North AfricaWar in Europe and North Africa

• Allied StrategyAllied Strategy• Japan’s conquests were in remote and Japan’s conquests were in remote and

relatively unimportant region.relatively unimportant region.• If Soviets surrender, Hitler could invade If Soviets surrender, Hitler could invade

Britain.Britain.• Defeat Italy and Germany FirstDefeat Italy and Germany First..• Pacific War one of “active defense.”Pacific War one of “active defense.”

• North AfricaNorth Africa

• Invasion of EuropeInvasion of Europe

• Bombing of GermanyBombing of Germany

• Eastern European FrontEastern European Front


• North Africa, 1942North Africa, 1942• Battle of El Alamein (Egypt)Battle of El Alamein (Egypt)

• British Eighth Army under Gen. British Eighth Army under Gen. Bernard Montgomery.Bernard Montgomery.

• German Afrika Korps under Gen. German Afrika Korps under Gen. Erwin “Desert Fox” Rommel.Erwin “Desert Fox” Rommel.

• Marked turning point in the war in Marked turning point in the war in North Africa.North Africa.

Battle of El Alamein (in Egypt)


• North Africa, 1942North Africa, 1942• Invasion of Morocco & Algeria Invasion of Morocco & Algeria

(Nov. 8(Nov. 8thth))• American and British troops American and British troops

fought.fought.• Gen. George Patton’s 7Gen. George Patton’s 7thth Army in Army in

North Africa.North Africa.• Nazi Gen. Rommel recalled Nazi Gen. Rommel recalled by by

Hitler. His Hitler. His troops surrendertroops surrender..• 16 Nazi Gen. Taken prisoner along 16 Nazi Gen. Taken prisoner along

with 250,000.with 250,000.


• Invasion of Italy, 1943Invasion of Italy, 1943• 250,000 American and 250,000 American and

British troops invaded British troops invaded SicilySicily and Salerno. and Salerno.

• Italians overthrew Italians overthrew Mussolini Mussolini prior to prior to invasion; invasion; German German soldiers continue soldiers continue fight.fight.


• Invasion of Italy (1943)Invasion of Italy (1943)• Jailed, Mussolini was rescued by Hitler’s SS Jailed, Mussolini was rescued by Hitler’s SS

troops. (troops. (notenote: : In April 1945, Mussolini was In April 1945, Mussolini was caught and killed Italian partisanscaught and killed Italian partisans.).)

• Rome Rome not not liberatedliberated until until June 1944June 1944..


• Bombing of GermanyBombing of Germany• B-17 Flying Fortress, “the mightiest bomber B-17 Flying Fortress, “the mightiest bomber

ever built,” bomb Germany’s infrastructureever built,” bomb Germany’s infrastructure• Germany moves factories to countryside and Germany moves factories to countryside and

civilian areascivilian areas..

Tuskegee Tuskegee Airmen flying Airmen flying escort in P-51 escort in P-51 MustangMustang


• Bombing of GermanyBombing of Germany• In In 1943, Allies redirect bombing to civilian 1943, Allies redirect bombing to civilian

populationspopulations• Hamburg: 60-100,000 killed; 300,000 buildings Hamburg: 60-100,000 killed; 300,000 buildings

burnedburned• Dresden: 135,000 killed; 8 square miles Dresden: 135,000 killed; 8 square miles

destroyeddestroyed

War in Europe and North Africa


• Eastern European FrontEastern European Front• Russian deaths exceeded 20 millionRussian deaths exceeded 20 million• Battle of Stalingrad (1943) Battle of Stalingrad (1943) – – Germans Germans

took the citytook the city then was then was trappedtrapped there there by by the harsh winter the harsh winter weather.weather.


• Eastern European FrontEastern European Front• Battle of Leningrad (1941-44) – broken Battle of Leningrad (1941-44) – broken

after 1,000 day siegeafter 1,000 day siege; starvation took ; starvation took thousands of lives.thousands of lives.

• Soviet finally begin march toward Soviet finally begin march toward Germany in summer of 1944.Germany in summer of 1944.

Stop Here!

Bellringer

If you had the ability to travel back in If you had the ability to travel back in time and kill Hitler, would you do it? time and kill Hitler, would you do it? Why or why not?Why or why not?

Today, I will learn . . .Today, I will learn . . .– Describe the goals of the two major offensives Describe the goals of the two major offensives

the Allies launched in Europe in 1943.the Allies launched in Europe in 1943.

I will learn it by . . .I will learn it by . . .– Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy; Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy;

listening skills, write questions in side listening skills, write questions in side margins, summarize notes.margins, summarize notes.

I have learned it when I can . . .I have learned it when I can . . .– Create a database of World War II battles.Create a database of World War II battles.

Cornell Notes: Three QuestionsCornell Notes: Three Questions

Essential Question

How was “Operation Overlord” How was “Operation Overlord” important to the overall success of the important to the overall success of the Allies?Allies?

• D-Day: The Normandy InvasionD-Day: The Normandy Invasion

• Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge• Liberation of the Death CampsLiberation of the Death Camps


• D-Day: The Normandy InvasionD-Day: The Normandy Invasion• June 6, 1944June 6, 1944• Code Named “Operation Overlord”Code Named “Operation Overlord”• General Dwight D. EisenhowerGeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Supreme Allied Commander in Europe Supreme Allied Commander in Europe • in charge of operationin charge of operation

• Gen. George S. PattonGen. George S. Patton• commanded 3commanded 3rdrd Armored Division. Armored Division.

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Allied Commander in Europe


M4 Sherman TankM4 Sherman Tank

General George PattonGeneral George Patton


• D-Day: The Normandy InvasionD-Day: The Normandy Invasion• Cross English ChannelCross English Channel

• Placed 3 million men ashore.Placed 3 million men ashore.• Beachheads established by end of the first Beachheads established by end of the first

day.day.• Free French TroopsFree French Troops

• Liberated Paris on Aug. 25, 1944Liberated Paris on Aug. 25, 1944


• Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 1944 – Jan. 1945)(Dec. 1944 – Jan. 1945)• ““Hitler’s Last Gamble”Hitler’s Last Gamble”• Hoped to break Allied lines; divide force in Hoped to break Allied lines; divide force in

half and cut off Allied supplies.half and cut off Allied supplies.• Germans lost 120,000 of best trained troops.Germans lost 120,000 of best trained troops.• American and Allied troops continue advance American and Allied troops continue advance

on Germany.on Germany.

Battle of the Bulge


• Liberation of Nazi Death Camps, 1945Liberation of Nazi Death Camps, 1945• Soviets liberated Auschwitz Soviets liberated Auschwitz (Jan. 1945)(Jan. 1945)• Americans liberated Buchenwald Americans liberated Buchenwald (Apr. 1945)(Apr. 1945)

• Eisenhower orders all troops to tour the Eisenhower orders all troops to tour the campscamps

• ““be eye-witnesses to the existence of the be eye-witnesses to the existence of the homicidal gas chamber”homicidal gas chamber”


• Fall of BerlinFall of Berlin• Caught between British-American forces on Caught between British-American forces on

one side and Soviet forces on the other, Nazi one side and Soviet forces on the other, Nazi resistance quickly collapses.resistance quickly collapses.

• In April, American and Soviet forces, converging at In April, American and Soviet forces, converging at the Elbe Riverthe Elbe River..

• Soviets reduce Berlin to rubble.Soviets reduce Berlin to rubble.• On April 30, 1945, Hitler & Eva Braun committed On April 30, 1945, Hitler & Eva Braun committed

suicidesuicide..

Reichstag After Fall of Berlin - 1945


• V-E DayV-E Day• May 8, 1945May 8, 1945• Germany signs Germany signs

unconditional unconditional surrender.surrender.

Big Three Wartime Conferences


• Wartime Conferences:Wartime Conferences:• The Big Three – USA, Britain, & USSRThe Big Three – USA, Britain, & USSR• The Tehran Conference (Nov. 1943) – The Tehran Conference (Nov. 1943) –

Planned overall battle strategyPlanned overall battle strategy• The Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) – Began The Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) – Began

deciding the fate of countries taken by deciding the fate of countries taken by HitlerHitler

• The Potsdam Conference (July 1945) – With The Potsdam Conference (July 1945) – With knowledge of the bomb, Truman took knowledge of the bomb, Truman took chargecharge

Yalta Conference

The Big Three: Winston Churchill (Great Britain), The Big Three: Winston Churchill (Great Britain), Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA), and Joseph Stalin (USSR)Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA), and Joseph Stalin (USSR)

Each leader came to Yalta with an agenda. Roosevelt desired Soviet military support against Japan following the defeat of Germany and Soviet participation in the United Nations, while Churchill was focused on securing free elections for Soviet-liberated countries in Eastern Europe. Counter to Churchill's desire, Stalin sought to build a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe to protect against future threats. In addition to these long-term issues, the three powers also needed to develop a plan for governing postwar Germany.

Potsdam Conference

The Big Three: British Prime Minister Clement Atlee, The Big Three: British Prime Minister Clement Atlee, U.S. President Harry S Truman, and Soviet Premier Joseph StalinU.S. President Harry S Truman, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin

Discussed post-war arrangements in Europe, frequently without agreement.A joint proclamation by the U.S., Great Britain and China, the three main powers then fighting Japan. This "Potsdam Declaration" described Japan's present perilous condition, gave the terms for her surrender and stated the Allies' intentions concerning her postwar status. It ended with an ultimatum: Japan must immediately agree to unconditionally surrender, or face "prompt and utter destruction".

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